scholarly journals Response of Knee Extensor Muscle-Tendon Unit Stiffness to Unaccustomed and Repeated High-Volume Eccentric Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4510
Author(s):  
Pornpimol Muanjai ◽  
Mantas Mickevicius ◽  
Audrius Snieckus ◽  
David Jones ◽  
Pavelas Zachovajevas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Muscular Pain ◽  
The Right ◽  
Repeated Bout

The purposes of this study were to investigate the muscle-tendon unit stiffness response and to compare the stiffness with those of other indirect markers induced by two bouts of unaccustomed eccentric exercise. Eleven untrained men performed two bouts of 200 maximal eccentric contractions of the right quadriceps 4 weeks apart. Changes in stiffness, pain evoked by stretching and pressure, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, and muscle thickness were followed for 7 days after each bout. Stiffness and pain peaked immediately and 1 day after the first exercise bout, whereas CK and thickness were highest 4 and 7 days after the first exercise bout, respectively (P < 0.05 for all). Muscular pain, thickness, and stiffness responses were lower by 53.3%, 99%, and 11.6%, respectively, after the repeated bout compared to after the first bout (P < 0.05 for all), while CK activity response did not differ significantly between bouts. High responders for an increase in muscle-tendon unit stiffness showed a repeated-bout effect for stiffness, pain, and CK activity (by 29%, 65%, and 98%, P < 0.05 for all), but the repeated-bout effect was not that clear in low responders. These findings suggest that a repeated eccentric exercise bout effect on stiffness in quadriceps is mostly not associated with muscle pain and CK activity, but there are large individual differences.

scholarly journals Reduced muscle lengthening during eccentric contractions as a mechanism underpinning the repeated-bout effect

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (10) ◽  
pp. R879-R886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Yin Lau ◽  
Anthony J. Blazevich ◽  
Michael J. Newton ◽  
Sam Shi Xuan Wu ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka
Keyword(s):  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Elbow Flexor ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Repeated Bout

This study investigated biceps brachii distal myotendinous junction (MTJ) displacement during maximal eccentric elbow flexor contractions to test the hypothesis that muscle length change would be smaller (less MTJ displacement) during the second than the first exercise bout. Ten untrained men performed two eccentric exercise bouts (ECC1 and ECC2) with the same arm consisting of 10 sets of six maximal isokinetic (60°/s) eccentric elbow flexor contractions separated by 4 wk. Biceps brachii distal MTJ displacement was assessed using B-mode ultrasonography, and changes in the displacement (muscle length change) from the start to the end of each contraction during each set and over 10 sets were compared between bouts by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Several indirect muscle damage markers were also measured and compared between bouts by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. The magnitude of MTJ displacement (average of six contractions) increased from set 1 (8.2 ± 4.7 mm) to set 10 (16.4 ± 4.7 mm) during ECC1 ( P < 0.05), but no significant changes over sets were evident during ECC2 ( set 1: 8.5 ± 4.0 mm; set 10: 9.3 ± 3.1 mm). Changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength, range of motion, muscle thickness, ultrasound echo intensity, serum creatine kinase activity, and muscle soreness (visual analog scale) were smaller ( P < 0.05) following ECC2 than ECC1, showing less damage in the repeated bout. These results indicate that the magnitude of muscle lengthening was less during the second than the first eccentric exercise bout, which appears to be a mechanism underpinning the repeated-bout effect.

scholarly journals The repeated bout effect can occur without mechanical and neuromuscular changes after a bout of eccentric exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 2123-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Pincheira ◽  
B. W. Hoffman ◽  
A. G. Cresswell ◽  
T. J. Carroll ◽  
N. A. T. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Repeated Bout

Power loss is attenuated following a second bout of high intensity eccentric contractions due to the repeated bout effect’s protection of rate of torque and velocity development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avery Hinks ◽  
Adam Hess ◽  
Mathew I. B. Debenham ◽  
Jackey Chen ◽  
Nicole Mazara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Eccentric Contractions ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Repeated Bout

High intensity unaccustomed eccentric contractions result in weakness and power loss due to fatigue and muscle damage. Through the repeated bout effect (RBE), adaptations occur, then damage and weakness are attenuated following a subsequent bout. However, it is unclear whether the RBE protects peak power output. We investigated the influence of the RBE on power production and estimated fatigue- and damage-induced neuromuscular impairments following repeated high-intensity eccentric contractions. Twelve healthy adult males performed 5 sets of 30 maximal eccentric elbow flexions and repeated an identical bout 4 weeks later. Recovery was tracked over 7 days following both bouts. Reduced maximum voluntary isometric contraction torque, and increased serum creatine kinase and self-reported soreness indirectly inferred muscle damage. Peak isotonic power, time-dependent measures—rate of velocity development (RVD) and rate of torque development (RTD)—and several electrophysiological indices of neuromuscular function were assessed. The RBE protected peak power, with a protective index of 66% 24 hours after the second eccentric exercise bout. The protection of power also related to preserved RVD (R2=0.61, P<0.01) and RTD (R2=0.39, P<0.01). Furthermore, the RBE’s protection against muscle damage permitted the estimation of fatigue-associated neuromuscular performance decrements following eccentric exercise. Novelty Bullets • The repeated bout effect protects peak isotonic power. • Protection of peak power relates to preserved rates of torque and velocity development, but more so rate of velocity development. • The repeated bout effect has little influence on indices of neuromuscular fatigue.

A contralateral repeated bout effect attenuates induction of NF-κB DNA binding following eccentric exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 1473-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Xin ◽  
Robert D. Hyldahl ◽  
Stuart R. Chipkin ◽  
Priscilla M. Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Dna Binding Activity ◽  
Muscle Biopsies ◽  
Repeated Bout

We investigated the existence of contralateral repeated bout effect and tested if the attenuation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB; an important regulator of muscle inflammation) induction following eccentric exercise is a potential mechanism. Thirty-one healthy men performed two bouts of knee extension eccentric exercise, initially with one leg and then with the opposite leg 4 wk later. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies of both exercised and control legs were taken 3 h postexercise. Knee extension isometric and isokinetic strength (60°/sec and 180°/sec) were measured at baseline, pre-exercise, immediately postexercise, and 1/day for 5 days postexercise. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and muscle soreness were assessed at baseline and 1/day for 5 days postexercise. NF-κB (p65) DNA-binding activity was measured in the muscle biopsies. Isometric strength loss was lower in bout 2 than in bout 1 at 24, 72, and 96 h postexercise ( P < 0.05). Isokinetic strength (60°/s and 180°/s) was reduced less in bout 2 than in bout 1 at 72 h postexercise ( P < 0.01). There were no significant differences between bouts for postexercise CK activity or muscle soreness. p65 DNA-binding activity was increased following eccentric exercise (compared with the control leg) in bout 1 (122.9% ± 2.6%; P < 0.001) and bout 2 (109.1% ± 3.0%; P < 0.05). Compared with bout 1, the increase in NF-κB DNA-binding activity postexercise was attenuated after bout 2 ( P = 0.0008). Repeated eccentric exercise results in a contralateral repeated bout effect, which could be due to the attenuated increase in NF-κB activity postexercise.

Effect of eccentric contraction velocity on muscle damage in repeated bouts of elbow flexor exercise

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Barroso ◽  
Hamilton Roschel ◽  
Carlos Ugrinowitsch ◽  
Rubens Araújo ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Contraction Velocity ◽  
Repeated Bout

Eccentric exercise induces muscle damage, but controversy exists concerning the effect of contraction velocity on the magnitude of muscle damage, and little is known about the effect of contraction velocity on the repeated-bout effect. This study examined slow (60°·s–1) and fast (180°·s–1) velocity eccentric exercises for changes in indirect markers of muscle damage following 3 exercise bouts that were performed every 2 weeks. Fifteen young men were divided into 2 groups based on the velocity of eccentric exercise: 7 in the Ecc60 (60°·s–1) group, and 8 in the Ecc180 (180°·s–1) group. The exercise consisted of 30 maximal eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors at each velocity, in which the elbow joint was forcibly extended from 60° to 180° (full extension) on an isokinetic dynamometer. Changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength, range of motion, muscle soreness, and plasma creatine kinase activity before and for 4 days after the exercise were compared in the 2 groups using a mixed-model analysis (group × bout × time). No significant differences between groups were evident for changes in any variables following exercise bouts; however, the changes were significantly smaller (p < 0.05) after the second and third bouts than after the first bout. These results indicate that the contraction velocity does not influence muscle damage or the repeated-bout effect.

Contralateral Repeated Bout Effect of Eccentric Exercise of the Elbow Flexors

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 2030-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
TREVOR C. Chen ◽  
HSIN-LIAN CHEN ◽  
MING-JU LIN ◽  
HUI-I YU ◽  
KAZUNORI NOSAKA
Keyword(s):  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Repeated Bout

scholarly journals Intensity of eccentric exercise, shift of optimum angle, and the magnitude of repeated-bout effect

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 992-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor C. Chen ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Paul Sacco
Keyword(s):  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Optimum Angle ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Angle Shift ◽  
Repeated Bout

This study compared the effect of four different intensities of initial eccentric exercise (ECC1) on optimum angle shift and extent of muscle damage induced by subsequent maximal eccentric exercise. Fifty-two male students were placed into 100%, 80%, 60%, or 40% groups ( n = 13 per group), performing 30 eccentric actions of the elbow flexors of 100%, 80%, 60%, or 40% of maximal isometric strength [maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)] for ECC1, followed 2–3 wk later by a similar exercise (ECC2) that used 100% MVC load. MVC at six elbow joint angles, range of motion, upper arm circumference, serum creatine kinase activity, myoglobin concentration, and muscle soreness were measured before and for 5 days following ECC1 and ECC2. A rightward shift of optimum angle following ECC1 was significantly ( P < 0.05) greater for the 100% and 80% than for the 60% and 40% groups, and it decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) from immediately to 5 days postexercise. By the time ECC2 was performed, only the 100% group kept a significant shift (4°). Changes in most of the criterion measures following ECC1 were significantly greater for the 100% and 80% groups compared with the 60% and 40% groups. Changes in the criterion measures following ECC2 were significantly ( P < 0.05) greater for the 40% group compared with other groups. Although the magnitude of repeated bout effect following ECC2 was significantly ( P < 0.05) smaller for the 40% and 60% groups, all groups showed significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced changes in criterion measures following ECC2 compared with the ECC1 100% bout. We conclude that the repeated-bout effect was not dependent on the shift of optimum angle.

The repeated-bout effect: influence on biceps brachii oxygenation and myoelectrical activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1390-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makii Muthalib ◽  
Hoseong Lee ◽  
Guillaume Y. Millet ◽  
Marco Ferrari ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka
Keyword(s):  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Oxygenation Index ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Myoelectrical Activity ◽  
Total Hemoglobin ◽  
Repeated Bout

This study investigated biceps brachii oxygenation and myoelectrical activity during and following maximal eccentric exercise to better understand the repeated-bout effect. Ten men performed two bouts of eccentric exercise (ECC1, ECC2), consisting of 10 sets of 6 maximal lengthening contractions of the elbow flexors separated by 4 wk. Tissue oxygenation index minimum amplitude (TOImin), mean and maximum total hemoglobin volume by near-infrared spectroscopy, torque, and surface electromyography root mean square (EMGRMS) during exercise were compared between ECC1 and ECC2. Changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque, range of motion, plasma creatine kinase activity, muscle soreness, TOImin, and EMGRMS during sustained (10-s) and 30-repeated isometric contraction tasks at 30% (same absolute force) and 100% MVC (same relative force) for 4 days postexercise were compared between ECC1 and ECC2. No significant differences between ECC1 and ECC2 were evident for changes in torque, TOImin, mean total hemoglobin volume, maximum total hemoglobin volume, and EMGRMS during exercise. Smaller ( P < 0.05) changes and faster recovery of muscle damage markers were evident following ECC2 than ECC1. During 30% MVC tasks, TOImin did not change, but EMGRMS increased 1–4 days following ECC1 and ECC2. During 100% MVC tasks, EMGRMS did not change, but torque and TOImin decreased 1–4 days following ECC1 and ECC2. TOImin during 100% MVC tasks and EMGRMS during 30% MVC tasks recovered faster ( P < 0.05) following ECC2 than ECC1. We conclude that the repeated-bout effect cannot be explained by altered muscle activation or metabolic/hemodynamic changes, and the faster recovery in muscle oxygenation and activation was mainly due to faster recovery of force.

Oral Creatine Supplementation Augments the Repeated Bout Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelle F. T. Veggi ◽  
Marco Machado ◽  
Alexander J. Koch ◽  
Sandro C. Santana ◽  
Sedison S. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Joint Range ◽  
Repeated Bout ◽  
Muscle Damage Markers

Purpose:We examined the effects of creatine supplementation on the response to repeated bouts of resistance exercise.Methods:Young men (24.1 ± 5.2 yr) were divided into Creatine (CM, n = 9) and Placebo (PL, n = 9) groups. On day (D) 1 and D15, subjects performed four sets of bicep curls at 75% 1-RM to concentric failure. On D8-D13, subjects consumed either 20g/d creatine monohydrate or placebo. Muscle soreness and elbow joint range of motion (ROM) were assessed on D1-D5 and D15-D19. Serum creatine kinase activity (CK) was assessed on D1, D3, D5, D15, D17, and D19.Results:The first exercise bout produced increases in muscle soreness and CK, and decreases in ROM in both groups (p < .001). The second bout produced lesser rises in serum CK, muscle soreness, and a lesser decrease in ROM (bout effect, p < .01 for all), with greater attenuation of these damage markers in CM than PL. CK levels on D17 were lower (+110% over D15 for CM vs. +343% for PL), muscle soreness from D15–19 was lower (–75% for CM vs. –56% for PL compared with first bout), and elbow ROM was decreased in PL, but not CM on D16 (p < .05 for all).Conclusions:Creatine supplementation provides an additive effect on blunting the rise of muscle damage markers following a repeated bout of resistance exercise. The mechanism by which creatine augments the repeated bout effect is unknown but is likely due to a combination of creatine’s multifaceted functions.

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