Oral Creatine Supplementation Augments the Repeated Bout Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelle F. T. Veggi ◽  
Marco Machado ◽  
Alexander J. Koch ◽  
Sandro C. Santana ◽  
Sedison S. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Joint Range ◽  
Repeated Bout ◽  
Muscle Damage Markers

Purpose:We examined the effects of creatine supplementation on the response to repeated bouts of resistance exercise.Methods:Young men (24.1 ± 5.2 yr) were divided into Creatine (CM, n = 9) and Placebo (PL, n = 9) groups. On day (D) 1 and D15, subjects performed four sets of bicep curls at 75% 1-RM to concentric failure. On D8-D13, subjects consumed either 20g/d creatine monohydrate or placebo. Muscle soreness and elbow joint range of motion (ROM) were assessed on D1-D5 and D15-D19. Serum creatine kinase activity (CK) was assessed on D1, D3, D5, D15, D17, and D19.Results:The first exercise bout produced increases in muscle soreness and CK, and decreases in ROM in both groups (p < .001). The second bout produced lesser rises in serum CK, muscle soreness, and a lesser decrease in ROM (bout effect, p < .01 for all), with greater attenuation of these damage markers in CM than PL. CK levels on D17 were lower (+110% over D15 for CM vs. +343% for PL), muscle soreness from D15–19 was lower (–75% for CM vs. –56% for PL compared with first bout), and elbow ROM was decreased in PL, but not CM on D16 (p < .05 for all).Conclusions:Creatine supplementation provides an additive effect on blunting the rise of muscle damage markers following a repeated bout of resistance exercise. The mechanism by which creatine augments the repeated bout effect is unknown but is likely due to a combination of creatine’s multifaceted functions.

scholarly journals The repeated bout effect of traditional resistance exercises on running performance across 3 bouts

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 978-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Doma ◽  
Moritz Schumann ◽  
Anthony Scott Leicht ◽  
Brian Edward Heilbronn ◽  
Felipe Damas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Repeated Bout ◽  
Muscle Damage Markers

This study investigated the repeated bout effect of 3 typical lower body resistance-training sessions on maximal and submaximal effort running performance. Twelve resistance-untrained men (age, 24 ± 4 years; height, 1.81 ± 0.10 m; body mass, 79.3 ± 10.9 kg; peak oxygen uptake, 48.2 ± 6.5 mL·kg−1·min−1; 6-repetition maximum squat, 71.7 ± 12.2 kg) undertook 3 bouts of resistance-training sessions at 6-repetitions maximum. Countermovement jump (CMJ), lower-body range of motion (ROM), muscle soreness, and creatine kinase (CK) were examined prior to and immediately, 24 h (T24), and 48 h (T48) after each resistance-training bout. Submaximal (i.e., below anaerobic threshold (AT)) and maximal (i.e., above AT) running performances were also conducted at T24 and T48. Most indirect muscle damage markers (i.e., CMJ, ROM, and muscle soreness) and submaximal running performance were significantly improved (P < 0.05; 1.9%) following the third resistance-training bout compared with the second bout. Whilst maximal running performance was also improved following the third bout (P < 0.05; 9.8%) compared with other bouts, the measures were still reduced by 12%–20% versus baseline. However, the increase in CK was attenuated following the second bout (P < 0.05) with no further protection following the third bout (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the initial bout induced the greatest change in CK; however, at least 2 bouts were required to produce protective effects on other indirect muscle damage markers and submaximal running performance measures. This suggests that submaximal running sessions should be avoided for at least 48 h after resistance training until the third bout, although a greater recovery period may be required for maximal running sessions.

Rest Interval Between Resistance Exercise Sets: Length Affects Volume But Not Creatine Kinase Activity or Muscle Soreness

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Evangelista ◽  
Rafael Pereira ◽  
Anthony C. Hackney ◽  
Marco Machado
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Interval Length ◽  
Rest Interval ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Interval Lengths ◽  
Rest Intervals

Purpose:To compare differences between two different rest interval lengths between sets on the volume completed, muscle damage and muscle soreness during a resistance exercise bout.Methods:Twenty-eight healthy sedentary men (18 ± 1 y old) volunteered to participate in this study and were divided into the 1 min (1RI; n = 14) or 3 min (3RI; n = 14) rest interval length between sets. They were submitted to maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength (MVC) and then performed a resistance exercise protocol constituted for three sets of biceps curl at 40% of MVC with 1 min (1RI group) or 3 min (3RI group) interval length between sets. Each bout was performed to voluntary fatigue and the workout volume completed was calculated. Subjects provided blood samples before each bout, and at 24, and 48 h following exercise to evaluate serum CK activity. Muscle soreness was analyzed through visual analog scale, which was presented to subjects before frst bout, immediately after exercise protocol and at 24, and 48 h following exercise.Results:The results demonstrated that the subjects with longer rest intervals provide greater workout volume as expected, but there were no differences in serum CK activity and muscle soreness between groups.Conclusion:Training with highvolume, low-intensity resistance training, exercising with short rest intervals does not appear to present any additional challenge to recovery in untrained subjects.

scholarly journals Nocebo Effects on Perceived Muscle Soreness and Exercise Performance Following Unaccustomed Resistance Exercise: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Blake H. McLemore ◽  
Sarah G. McLemore ◽  
Rebecca R. Rogers ◽  
Joseph A. Pederson ◽  
Tyler D. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Belief ◽  
Nocebo Effects ◽  
Negative Expectation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nocebo administration on perceived soreness and exercise performance following unaccustomed resistance exercise. Untrained males were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: (1) control or (2) negative-belief. For the negative-belief group, participants were given a capsule before exercise containing 400 mg of an inert substance (gluten-free cornstarch) and were told the supplement would increase muscle soreness. The control group received no treatment. An algometer and pain scale was used to obtain soreness, and a goniometer was used to measure elbow range of motion (ROM). Participants completed an eccentric bicep curl pyramid with their non-dominant arm. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and repetitions were recorded. Then, 48 h after the initial exercise bout, participants repeated all procedures. Perceived soreness, ROM, average RPE, and total repetitions performed were analyzed. Perceived soreness was significantly higher in both control and negative-belief groups 48 h after exercise (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.23). ROM was significantly lower 48 h post in the negative-belief group (p = 0.004; d = 1.83) while no differences existed for controls (p = 0.999; d = 0.16). Average RPE was unaffected between groups (p = 0.282; η2 = 0.07). Total repetitions were significantly lower 48 h post in the negative-belief group (p < 0.001; d = 2.51) while no differences existed for the controls (p = 0.999; d = 0.08). Findings suggest that 48 h after unaccustomed resistance exercise, negative expectation does not worsen soreness but hinders ROM and exercise performance.

scholarly journals Creatine supplementation: effects on blood creatine kinase activity responses to resistance exercise and creatine kinase activity measurement

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Machado ◽  
Rafael Pereira ◽  
Felipe Sampaio-Jorge ◽  
Franz Knifis ◽  
Anthony Hackney
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Leg Extension

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of creatine supplementation and exercise on the integrity of muscle fiber, as well as the effect of the supplementation on the creatine kinase (CK) assay measurement. Forty-nine sedentary individuals participated in a double-blind study and were divided into two groups: C (n=26) received 4x5-day packages of 0.6 g.kg-1 of body weight contained 50% of creatine + 50% of dextrose, and P (n=23) received packages containing only dextrose. On the first day the groups performed a 1RM test for bench press, seated row, leg extension, leg curl and leg press. On D7 they received the supplements. On the fourteenth day, they performed a training session of five exercises, each in three sets of ten repetitions at 75% of 1RM. Blood was collected before (D14) and after the exercise session (D15). Differing levels of blood creatine were tested to determine the influence on the assay measurements of CK. ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests were used to compare groups and different times of study protocol (P<0.05). No changes were observed in CK activity of the groups from D0, D7 and D14. On D15 CK activity increases 140% (women) and 200% (men). There was no difference in CK activity between groups. Blood creatine levels up to 5mM produced no significant effect on CK assay results. CK activity increased after resistance exercise, while creatine supplementation produced no difference in the muscle cellular integrity nor compromised assay methodology.

A contralateral repeated bout effect attenuates induction of NF-κB DNA binding following eccentric exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 1473-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Xin ◽  
Robert D. Hyldahl ◽  
Stuart R. Chipkin ◽  
Priscilla M. Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Dna Binding Activity ◽  
Muscle Biopsies ◽  
Repeated Bout

We investigated the existence of contralateral repeated bout effect and tested if the attenuation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB; an important regulator of muscle inflammation) induction following eccentric exercise is a potential mechanism. Thirty-one healthy men performed two bouts of knee extension eccentric exercise, initially with one leg and then with the opposite leg 4 wk later. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies of both exercised and control legs were taken 3 h postexercise. Knee extension isometric and isokinetic strength (60°/sec and 180°/sec) were measured at baseline, pre-exercise, immediately postexercise, and 1/day for 5 days postexercise. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and muscle soreness were assessed at baseline and 1/day for 5 days postexercise. NF-κB (p65) DNA-binding activity was measured in the muscle biopsies. Isometric strength loss was lower in bout 2 than in bout 1 at 24, 72, and 96 h postexercise ( P < 0.05). Isokinetic strength (60°/s and 180°/s) was reduced less in bout 2 than in bout 1 at 72 h postexercise ( P < 0.01). There were no significant differences between bouts for postexercise CK activity or muscle soreness. p65 DNA-binding activity was increased following eccentric exercise (compared with the control leg) in bout 1 (122.9% ± 2.6%; P < 0.001) and bout 2 (109.1% ± 3.0%; P < 0.05). Compared with bout 1, the increase in NF-κB DNA-binding activity postexercise was attenuated after bout 2 ( P = 0.0008). Repeated eccentric exercise results in a contralateral repeated bout effect, which could be due to the attenuated increase in NF-κB activity postexercise.

Effect of eccentric contraction velocity on muscle damage in repeated bouts of elbow flexor exercise

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Barroso ◽  
Hamilton Roschel ◽  
Carlos Ugrinowitsch ◽  
Rubens Araújo ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Contraction Velocity ◽  
Repeated Bout

Eccentric exercise induces muscle damage, but controversy exists concerning the effect of contraction velocity on the magnitude of muscle damage, and little is known about the effect of contraction velocity on the repeated-bout effect. This study examined slow (60°·s–1) and fast (180°·s–1) velocity eccentric exercises for changes in indirect markers of muscle damage following 3 exercise bouts that were performed every 2 weeks. Fifteen young men were divided into 2 groups based on the velocity of eccentric exercise: 7 in the Ecc60 (60°·s–1) group, and 8 in the Ecc180 (180°·s–1) group. The exercise consisted of 30 maximal eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors at each velocity, in which the elbow joint was forcibly extended from 60° to 180° (full extension) on an isokinetic dynamometer. Changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength, range of motion, muscle soreness, and plasma creatine kinase activity before and for 4 days after the exercise were compared in the 2 groups using a mixed-model analysis (group × bout × time). No significant differences between groups were evident for changes in any variables following exercise bouts; however, the changes were significantly smaller (p < 0.05) after the second and third bouts than after the first bout. These results indicate that the contraction velocity does not influence muscle damage or the repeated-bout effect.

scholarly journals Intensity of eccentric exercise, shift of optimum angle, and the magnitude of repeated-bout effect

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 992-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor C. Chen ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Paul Sacco
Keyword(s):  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Optimum Angle ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Angle Shift ◽  
Repeated Bout

This study compared the effect of four different intensities of initial eccentric exercise (ECC1) on optimum angle shift and extent of muscle damage induced by subsequent maximal eccentric exercise. Fifty-two male students were placed into 100%, 80%, 60%, or 40% groups ( n = 13 per group), performing 30 eccentric actions of the elbow flexors of 100%, 80%, 60%, or 40% of maximal isometric strength [maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)] for ECC1, followed 2–3 wk later by a similar exercise (ECC2) that used 100% MVC load. MVC at six elbow joint angles, range of motion, upper arm circumference, serum creatine kinase activity, myoglobin concentration, and muscle soreness were measured before and for 5 days following ECC1 and ECC2. A rightward shift of optimum angle following ECC1 was significantly ( P < 0.05) greater for the 100% and 80% than for the 60% and 40% groups, and it decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) from immediately to 5 days postexercise. By the time ECC2 was performed, only the 100% group kept a significant shift (4°). Changes in most of the criterion measures following ECC1 were significantly greater for the 100% and 80% groups compared with the 60% and 40% groups. Changes in the criterion measures following ECC2 were significantly ( P < 0.05) greater for the 40% group compared with other groups. Although the magnitude of repeated bout effect following ECC2 was significantly ( P < 0.05) smaller for the 40% and 60% groups, all groups showed significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced changes in criterion measures following ECC2 compared with the ECC1 100% bout. We conclude that the repeated-bout effect was not dependent on the shift of optimum angle.

scholarly journals Repeated Bout Effect Was More Expressed in Young Adult Males Than in Elderly Males and Boys

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrius Gorianovas ◽  
Albertas Skurvydas ◽  
Vytautas Streckis ◽  
Marius Brazaitis ◽  
Sigitas Kamandulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Elderly Males ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Repeated Bout

This study investigated possible differences using the same stretch-shortening exercise (SSE) protocol on generally accepted monitoring markers (dependent variables: changes in creatine kinase, muscle soreness, and voluntary and electrically evoked torque) in males across three lifespan stages (childhood versus adulthood versus old age). The protocol consisted of 100 intermittent (30 s interval between jumps) drop jumps to determine the repeated bout effect (RBE) (first and second bouts performed at a 2-week interval). The results showed that indirect symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage after SSE were more expressed in adult males than in boys and elderly males, suggesting that the muscles of boys and elderly males are more resistant to exercise-induced damage than those of adult males. RBE was more pronounced in adult males than in boys and elderly males, suggesting that the muscles of boys and elderly males are less adaptive to exercise-induced muscle damage than those of adult males.

scholarly journals Post Orgasmic Illness Syndrome (POIS) and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS): Do They Have Anything in Common?

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1867
Author(s):  
Balázs Sonkodi ◽  
Zsolt Kopa ◽  
Péter Nyirády
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Secondary Tissue ◽  
Acute Stress Response ◽  
Primary Injury ◽  
Repeated Bout

Post orgasmic illness syndrome is a rare, mysterious condition with an unknown pathomechanism and uncertain treatment. The symptoms of post orgasmic illness syndrome last about 2–7 days after an ejaculation. The current hypothesis proposes that the primary injury in post orgasmic illness syndrome is an acute compression proprioceptive axonopathy in the muscle spindle, as is suspected in delayed onset muscle soreness. The terminal arbor degeneration-like lesion of delayed onset muscle soreness is theorized to be an acute stress response energy-depleted dysfunctional mitochondria-induced impairment of Piezo2 channels and glutamate vesicular release. The recurring symptoms of post orgasmic illness syndrome after each ejaculation are suggested to be analogous to the repeated bout effect of delayed onset muscle soreness. However, there are differences in the pathomechanism, mostly attributed to the extent of secondary tissue damage and to the extent of spermidine depletion. The spermidine depletion-induced differences are as follows: modulation of the acute stress response, flu-like symptoms, opioid-like withdrawal and enhanced deregulation of the autonomic nervous system. The longitudinal dimension of delayed onset muscle soreness, in the form of post orgasmic illness syndrome and the repeated bout effect, have cognitive and memory consequences, since the primary injury is learning and memory-related.

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