scholarly journals Diarrhoea among Children Aged under Five Years and Risk Factors in Informal Settlements: A Cross-Sectional Study in Cape Town, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6043
Author(s):  
Thi Yen Chi Nguyen ◽  
Bamidele Oladapo Fagbayigbo ◽  
Guéladio Cissé ◽  
Nesre Redi ◽  
Samuel Fuhrimann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five

Background: There is limited data on the association between diarrhoea among children aged under five years (U5D) and water use, sanitation, hygiene, and socio-economics factors in low-income communities. The study investigated U5D and the associated risk factors in the Zeekoe catchment in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 707 households in six informal settlements (IS) two formal settlements (FS) (March–June 2017). Results: Most IS households used public taps (74.4%) and shared toilets (93.0%), while FS households used piped water on premises (89.6%) and private toilets (98.3%). IS respondents had higher average hand-washing scores than those of FS (0.04 vs. −0.14, p = 0.02). The overall U5D prevalence was 15.3% (range: 8.6%–24.2%) and was higher in FS than in IS (21.2% vs. 13.4%, respectively, p = 0.01). Water storage >12 h was associated with increasing U5D (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.00–3.55, p = 0.05). Water treatment (OR = 0.57, 95%CI 0.34–0.97, p = 0.04), good hand-washing practices (OR = 0.59, 95%CI 0.42–0.82, p = 0.002) and Hepatitis A vaccination (OR = 0.51, 95%CI 0.28–0.9, p = 0.02) had significant preventing effects on U5D. Conclusions: The study highlights that good hygiene practice is a key intervention against U5D in informal settlements. The promotion of hand-washing, proper water storage, and hygienic breastfeeding is highly recommended.

scholarly journals Feasibility, Yield, and Cost of Active Tuberculosis Case Finding Linked to a Mobile HIV Service in Cape Town, South Africa: A Cross-sectional Study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e1001281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Kranzer ◽  
Stephen D. Lawn ◽  
Gesine Meyer-Rath ◽  
Anna Vassall ◽  
Eudoxia Raditlhalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Bottle Feeding and Exposure to Toxocara as Risk Factors for Wheezing Illness among Under-five Amazonian Children: A Population-based Cross-sectional Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. U. Ferreira ◽  
G. Rubinsky-Elefant ◽  
T. G. de Castro ◽  
E. H. E. Hoffmann ◽  
M. da Silva-Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF ACUTE DIARRHEAL DISEASES AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN AN URBAN SLUM OF MUMBAI

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 690-694
Author(s):  
Swapnil Bele ◽  
◽  
S.R. Suryawanshi ◽  
Shailesh Palve ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Child Deaths ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Introduction: Diarrhoea is one of the single most common causes of death among children under age five worldwide. Diarrheal disorders in childhood account for a large proportion (18%) of childhood deaths, with an estimated 1.5 million deaths per year globally, making it the second most common cause of child deaths worldwide1.So the study was undertaken in order to study the prevalence and associated risk factors causing diarrhoea in urban slum of Metropolitan city. Methods- A cross sectional study was done from January 2012 to December 2012 in Cheetah Camp area. Toal 478 under five children were selected and the parent/guardian of the child was interviewed using pre-designed, semi-structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Results and Conclusion-The prevalence of diarrhoea in children under 5 years during past 2 weeks was 17.8%. Diarrheal episodes in the past 2 weeks was significantly associated with education of mother, socioeconomic status of family, type of family, source of water supply, housefly nuisance in home, child hand-washing before meals, mother hand-washing before meals and immunization status.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Circumcised and Uncircumcised Adult Males in Rustenburg, South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanchard Mbay Iyemosolo ◽  
Tawanda Chivese ◽  
Tonya Marianne Esterhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Mining Town

Abstract BackgroundSouth Africa has a persistent burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Male circumcision has been shown to be effective in preventing HIV, and STIs but data are scarce on the protective effect of circumcision in high-risk populations such as migrant miners. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of medical and traditional circumcision on the prevalence of STIs after adjusting for other risk factors in Rustenburg, a mining town in North West Province, South Africa.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used baseline data collected from a cohort study. Adult males in a mining town were assessed for STIs (gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis) using syndromic assessment. Data on circumcision status and other risk factors for STIs were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multivariable log binomial regression was used to assess the independent effect of circumcision on STI presence after adjusting for confounders.ResultsA total of 339 participants with a median age of 25 years (IQR 22-29) were included in the study, of whom 116 (34.2%) were circumcised. The overall STIs prevalence was 27.4% (95% CI 22.8% to 32.6%) and was lower in the circumcised participants compared with those who were uncircumcised (15.5% vs 33.6%, respectively, p<0.001). Both medical (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.95, p = 0.030) and traditional circumcision (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.13-0.86, p = 0.022) were strongly associated with a lower risk of STIs after adjustment for employment and condom use. ConclusionIn this high-risk population, with a relatively high prevalence of STIs, and where one third of males are circumcised, both medical and traditional circumcision appear to be protective against STIs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of diarrhoea and risk factors among children under five years old in Mbour, Senegal: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sokhna Thiam ◽  
Aminata N. Diène ◽  
Samuel Fuhrimann ◽  
Mirko S. Winkler ◽  
Ibrahima Sy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five

scholarly journals A comparison of the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among circumcised and uncircumcised adult males in Rustenburg, South Africa: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanchard Mbay Iyemosolo ◽  
Tawanda Chivese ◽  
Tonya M. Esterhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Mining Town

Abstract Background South Africa has a persistent burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Male circumcision has been shown to be effective in preventing HIV and STIs, but data are scarce on the protective effect of circumcision in high-risk populations such as migrant miners. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of medical and traditional circumcision on the prevalence of STIs after adjusting for other risk factors in Rustenburg, a mining town in North West Province, South Africa. Methods This cross-sectional study used baseline data collected from a cohort study. Adult males in a mining town were assessed for STIs (gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis) using syndromic assessment. Data on circumcision status and other risk factors for STI syndromes were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The following symptoms were assessed; penile discharge, painful urination, dyspareunia or penile sores. These symptoms indicate sexually transmitted infection in general since laboratory tests were not performed. Multivariable log binomial regression was used to assess the independent effect of circumcision on STI presence after adjusting for confounders. Results A total of 339 participants with a median age of 25 years (IQR 22–29) were included in the study, of whom 116 (34.2%) were circumcised. The overall STIs prevalence was 27.4% (95% CI 22.8 to 32.6%) and was lower in the circumcised participants compared with those who were uncircumcised (15.5% vs 33.6%, respectively, p < 0.001). Both medical (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34–0.95, p = 0.030) and traditional circumcision (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.13–0.86, p = 0.022) were strongly associated with a lower risk of STIs after adjustment for employment and condom use. Conclusion In this high-risk population in a mining town in South Africa, with a relatively high prevalence of STIs, and where one third of males are circumcised, both medical and traditional circumcision appear to be protective against STIs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document