scholarly journals Relationships of Bone Mineral Variables with Body Composition, Blood Hormones and Training Volume in Adolescent Female Athletes with Different Loading Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6571
Author(s):  
Vita Tamolienė ◽  
Liina Remmel ◽  
Rita Gruodyte-Raciene ◽  
Jaak Jürimäe
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Loading Patterns ◽  
Appendicular Muscle Mass ◽  
And Training ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts

The aim of this investigation was to determine the relationships of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and content (BMC) with body composition, blood hormone and training load variables in adolescent female athletes with different loading patterns. The participants were 73 healthy adolescent females (14–18 years), who were divided into three groups: rhythmic gymnasts (RG; n = 33), swimmers (SW; n = 20) and untrained controls (UC; n = 20). Bone mineral and body compositional variables were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), estradiol and leptin were analyzed from blood samples. In addition, aerobic performance was assessed by a peak oxygen consumption test. No differences (p > 0.05) in weekly training volume were observed between rhythmic gymnasts (17.6 ± 5.3 h/week) and swimmers (16.1 ± 6.9 h/week). Measured areal bone mineral density and bone mineral content values were higher in rhythmic gymnasts compared with other groups (p < 0.05), while no differences (p > 0.05) in measured bone mineral values were seen between swimmers and untrained control groups. Multiple regression models indicated that IGF-1 alone explained 14% of the total variance (R2 × 100) in lumbar spine aBMD, while appendicular muscle mass and training volume together explained 37% of the total variance in femoral neck BMC in the rhythmic gymnast group only. In swimmers, age at menarche, estradiol and appendicular muscle mass together explained 68% of the total variance in lumbar spine BMC, while appendicular muscle mass was the only predictor and explained 19 to 53% of the total variance in measured bone mineral values in untrained controls. In conclusion, adolescent rhythmic gymnasts with specific weight-bearing athletic activity present higher areal bone mineral values in comparison with swimmers and untrained controls. Specific training volume together with appendicular muscle mass influenced cortical bone development at the femoral neck site of the skeleton in rhythmic gymnasts, while hormonal values influenced trabecular bone development at the lumbar spine site in both athletic groups with different loading patterns.

scholarly journals AB0910 SARCOPENIA AND BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN MEN WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1757.2-1757
Author(s):  
T. Raskina ◽  
I. Grigoreva ◽  
J. Averkieva ◽  
A. Kokov ◽  
V. Masenko
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Objectives:To examine bone mineral density (BMD) in men with coronary heart disease (CHD), depending on the state of the muscle mass, strength and function.Methods:79 men aged over 50 years with verified CHD were examined (mean age 63 (57; 66) years).The BMD and T-criterion (standart deviation, SD) of the femoral neck and lumbar spine (L1-L4) were evaluated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) on the Lunar Prodigy Primo bone densitometer (USA). The following reference intervals were used: normal BMD values (T-criterion ≥-1), osteopenia (OPe) (T-criterion from -1 to -2.5), and osteoporosis (OP) (T-criterion <-2.5).To assess muscle mass, the total area (cm2) of the lumbar muscles of the axial section at the level of the 3rd lumbar vertebra (L3) was determined using multispiral computed tomography on a 64-slice computer tomograph “Somatom Sensation 64” (Siemens AG Medical Solution, Germany). The ratio of the obtained index of the area of skeletal muscle to the square of the patient’s growth index determined the “ skeletalmuscular index L3” (SMI). The media considered the threshold value to be 52.4 cm2/m2.Results:The femoral neck BMD in the examined patients was 0.96 (0.89; 1.03) g/cm2, which corresponds to -0.50 (-1.00; 0) SD according to the T-criterion, in the lumbar spine -1.23 (1.11; 1.32) g/cm2and 0.4 (-0.50; 1.20) SD according to the T-criterion.In accordance with the recommendations of the European working group on sarcopenia in Older people (EWGSOP, 2010, 2018), the patients were divided into 3 groups: 31 patients without sarcopenia (group 1), 21 patients with isolated muscle loss (presarcopenia) (group 2) and 27 patients with sarcopenia (group 3).BMD in the femoral neck in the group of patients without sarcopenia was 0.96 (0.72; 1.26) g/cm2, which corresponds to -0.50 (-0.8; 0.2) SD according to the T-criterion, in the lumbar spine – 1.19 (1.10; 1.275) g/cm2and 0.1 (-0.6; 0.8) SD according to the T-criterion. BMD in the femoral neck in the group of patients with presarcopenia (group 2) – 0.995 (0.94; 1.04) g/cm2and -0.3 (-0.70; 0) SD according to the T-criterion, in the lumbar spine – 1.32 (1.24; 1.40) g/cm2and 1.20 (0.50; 1.90) SD according to the T-criterion. In patients with established sarcopenia (group 3), the following indicators of BMD and T-criterion were recorded: 0.95 (0.845; 0.98) g/cm2and -0.60 (-1.40; -0.40) SD and 1.23 (0.085; 1.31) g/cm2and 0.4 (-0.8; 1.1) SD in the femoral neck and lumbar spine, respectively.A comparative analysis of the results of the DXA found that patients with sarcopenia had a significant decrease in the BMD and T-criterion in the femoral neck compared to patients with presarcopenia (p=0.039 and p=0.040, respectively). There were no differences between the groups of patients without sarcopenia and with sarcopenia and presarcopenia (p>0.05).It was found that patients with sarcopenia had significantly lower BMD and T-criterion in the lumbar spine compared to patients with presarcopenia (p=0.017 and p=0.0165, respectively). The values of the BMD and T-criterion in the groups of patients without sarcopenia and with presarcopenia and sarcopenia in the lumbar spine were comparable (p>0.05).Conclusion:The presence of sarcopenia is associated with loss of BMD in the femoral neck and in the lumbar spine. The results obtained confirm the high probability of common pathogenetic links between OP and sarcopenia.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Musculoskeletal profile of amateur combat athletes: body composition, muscular strength and striking power

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Del Vecchio ◽  
Nattai Borges ◽  
Campbell MacGregor ◽  
Jarrod D. Meerkin ◽  
Mike Climstein
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Physiological Tests

Background: Previous research highlighted positive musculoskeletal adaptations resulting from mechanical forces and loadings distinctive to impacts and movements with sports participation. However, little is known about these adaptations in combat athletes. The aim of this study was to quantify bone mineral density, lean muscle mass and punching and kicking power in amateur male combat athletes. Methods: Thirteen male combat athletes (lightweight and middleweight) volunteered all physiological tests including dual energy X-ray absorptiometry for bone mineral density (BMD) segmental body composition (lean muscle mass, LMM), muscle strength and striking power, sedentary controls (n = 15) were used for selected DXA outcome variables. Results: There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between combat groups for lumbar spine (+5.0%), dominant arm (+4.4%) BMD, and dominant and non-dominant leg LMM (+21.8% and +22.6%). Controls had significantly (p < 0.05) high adiposity (+36.8% relative), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass (+69.7%), VAT area (+69.5%), lower total body BMD (−8.4%) and lumbar spine BMD (−13.8%) than controls. No differences in lower limb BMD were seen in combat groups. Arm lean mass differences (dominant versus non-dominant) were significantly different between combat groups (p < 0.05, 4.2% versus 7.3%). There were no differences in punch/kick power (absolute or relative) between combat groups. 5RM strength (bench and squat) correlated significantly with upper limb striking power (r = 0.57), dominant and non-dominant leg BMD (r = 0.67, r = 0.70, respectively) and total body BMD (r = 0.59). Conclusion: BMD and LMM appear to be particularly important to discriminate between dominant and non-dominant upper limbs and less so for lower limb dominance in recreational combat athletes.

scholarly journals Adipocytokine and ghrelin levels in relation to bone mineral density in physically active older women: longitudinal associations

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaak Jürimäe ◽  
Tatjana Kums ◽  
Toivo Jürimäe
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Independent Variables

PurposeWe investigated the relationship between the decrease in bone mineral mass (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) values with baseline adipocytokine and ghrelin concentrations in physically active postmenopausal women.MethodsLeptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, BMC, BMD and different body composition values were measured in 35 women (age: 69.7±6.0 years) before and after a 12-month prospective study period.ResultsSignificant (P<0.05) decreases in fat-free mass (FFM) (by 2.56%) and BMC (by 1.63%) and increases in adiponectin (by 14.8%) were seen in older females as a result of the study period. The independent variables that were associated with decreases in total BMC were baseline fat mass (FM) and adiponectin explaining 30.6% (R2×100) of the total variance. In another model, baseline FFM and leptin were the independent variables that explained 20.6% (P<0.05) of the total variance in the decreases in total BMD value. The variables that were associated with decreases in femoral neck BMD were FM and leptin (R2=0.102;P<0.05), while the independent variables were baseline trunk fat:leg fat ratio and adiponectin in the model with decreases in lumbar spine BMD as the dependent variable, and accounted for 13.1% (P<0.05) of the decreases in BMD variance.ConclusionsInitial adiponectin concentration together with specific body composition characteristics predicted loss in BMC and lumbar spine BMD values, while initial leptin concentration together with specific body composition parameters determined the loss in total and femoral neck BMD values in physically active older women.

The Role of Gene–Environment Interaction in Determining Bone Mineral Density in a Twin Population

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasi Naganathan ◽  
Alexander J. MacGregor ◽  
Philip N. Sambrook
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment

AbstractThe possibility that specific environmental factors such as smoking and estrogen use modify the genetic influences (gene–environment interaction) on bone mineral density (BMD) has not been explored in genetic epidemiological studies such as twin studies. The aim of this study was to look for evidence of gene–environment interaction in BMD determination by analyzing data collected on a large number of healthy female twins. BMD of the hip, distal forearm and lumbar spine were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on 287 identical and 265 nonidentical volunteer female twin pairs. The environmental factors examined were hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and smoking. In genetic modeling analysis using path analysis, there was evidence of ‘HRT-specific’ genetic component of BMD variance at the forearm (50% of total variance) but not at the hip. At the lumbar spine the magnitude of the genetic component of variance in HRT users (> 60-month HRT use) was less than the genetic component of variance for little or no exposure to HRT (48% vs. 84%). There was no evidence of gene–environment interaction for smoking. The main evidence for gene–environment interaction was the finding that forearm BMD variance was influenced by a significant HRT-specific genetic component. There was also evidence that in HRT users, the genetic component of total variance for lumbar BMD was lower.

scholarly journals Low appendicular muscle mass is correlated with femoral neck bone mineral density loss in postmenopausal women

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio L Orsatti ◽  
Eliana AP Nahas ◽  
Jorge Nahas-Neto ◽  
Cláudio L Orsatti ◽  
Moacir Marocolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral Density Loss ◽  
Appendicular Muscle Mass

Bone mineral density and appendicular muscle mass in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
O. V. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
N. V. Toroptsova ◽  
M. V. Cherkasova ◽  
E. Yu. Samarkina ◽  
O. A. Nikitinskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Appendicular Muscle Mass

Objective. To study the bone mineral density (BMD) and appendicular muscle mass (AMM), their interrelation and relationship with calcium intake and vitamin D level in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Material and methods. 43 women (mean age 57.5 ± 7.0 years) with confirmed RA were included. All patients were interviewed using a special questionnaire. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of lumbar spine, hip and total body was performed, and dietary calcium intake and vitamin D blood serum levels were assessed.Results. Reduced BMD was detected in 76.8% of patients, including osteoporosis (OP) – in 23.3%, and osteopenia – in 53.5% of women. Low AMM was found in 11.6%, and reduced appendicular muscle index (AMI) was found in 18.6% of the examined patients. Women with low BMD had significantly lower AMM and AMI scores than patients with normal BMD. The average calcium intake was 737 mg per day, while it was lower in patients with OP compared to those with normal BMD (p = 0.038). Among all women, 56% of individuals needed additional calcium supplementation. The average level of vitamin D in the blood serum was 20.8 ng/ml, with the incidence of insufficiency – 48.8%, and deficiency – 41.9% without significant differences between individuals with OP, osteopenia and normal BMD.Conclusion. In women with RA, reduced BMD was found in 76.8%, reduced AMM – in 11.6%, and low AMI – in 18.6% of cases. Patients with low BMD had lower AMM and AMI than women with normal BMD. Calcium intake was significantly lower in patients with OP compared to those with normal BMD.

scholarly journals Does Unilateral Lumbosacral Radiculopathy Affect the Association between Lumbar Spinal Muscle Morphometry and Bone Mineral Density?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13155
Author(s):  
Minjung Kim ◽  
Jinmann Chon ◽  
Seung Ah Lee ◽  
Yunsoo Soh ◽  
Myung Chul Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbosacral Radiculopathy ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Spinal Muscles

Age-related degenerative changes lead to a gradual decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle mass. We aimed to assess the effects of decreased BMD and lumbar denervation on lumbar spinal muscle morphometry and the relationship between BMD and lumbar spinal muscular morphometry, respectively. Eighty-one patients, aged 50–85 years, diagnosed with unilateral lumbosacral radiculopathy based on electrodiagnostic studies between January 2016 and April 2021 were enrolled. BMD T scores in the lumbar spine and hip were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the psoas, multifidus, and erector spinae located in the middle of the lumbar spine, between the L3 and L4 and between the L4 and L5 levels, respectively, was measured using axial MRI. Functional CSA (FCSA) was defined as the CSA of lean muscle mass. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the association between BMD T scores and the CSA, FCSA, and the ratio of the FCSA to the CSA (functional ratio) for each side. The CSA of lumbar spinal muscles showed no significant correlation with lumbar BMD. The FCSA and functional ratio of lumbar spinal muscles were significantly correlated with lumbar BMD. There was no correlation between femur BMD and lumbar spinal muscle morphometry.

scholarly journals Body composition and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
N. V. Toroptsova ◽  
O. V. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
O. A. Nikitinskaya ◽  
A. O. Efremova ◽  
A. Yu. Feklistov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass

Aim – to study the relationship between body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Material and methods. 68 postmenopausal women, median age 59 [54; 63] years, with RA were included in the study. Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were assessed with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.Results. 33 (48.5%) women had osteopenia, and 17 (25.0%) – osteoporosis (OP). Low lean muscle mass was found in 10 (14.7%) patients. There were positive correlations between different areal BMD and body weight, trunk fat, trunk lean muscle mass and total lean muscle mass. In the multivariate linear regression analysis total lean muscle mass was associated with BMD of lumbar spine (β=0.638; p=0.001) and total hip (β=0.473; p=0.008), and appendicular lean muscle mass, estimated using the appendicular muscle index, with femoral neck BMD (β=0.360; p=0.014).Conclusion. 73.5% of patients with RA had a reduced BMD, and 14.7% women – low muscle mass. The revealed significant association between the lean muscle mass and BMD of lumbar spine and proximal femur indicates the importance of detecting and correcting low lean muscle mass, as well as preventing its decline in order to prevent loss of BMD and osteoporotic fractures.

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