Musculoskeletal profile of amateur combat athletes: body composition, muscular strength and striking power

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Del Vecchio ◽  
Nattai Borges ◽  
Campbell MacGregor ◽  
Jarrod D. Meerkin ◽  
Mike Climstein
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Physiological Tests

Background: Previous research highlighted positive musculoskeletal adaptations resulting from mechanical forces and loadings distinctive to impacts and movements with sports participation. However, little is known about these adaptations in combat athletes. The aim of this study was to quantify bone mineral density, lean muscle mass and punching and kicking power in amateur male combat athletes. Methods: Thirteen male combat athletes (lightweight and middleweight) volunteered all physiological tests including dual energy X-ray absorptiometry for bone mineral density (BMD) segmental body composition (lean muscle mass, LMM), muscle strength and striking power, sedentary controls (n = 15) were used for selected DXA outcome variables. Results: There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between combat groups for lumbar spine (+5.0%), dominant arm (+4.4%) BMD, and dominant and non-dominant leg LMM (+21.8% and +22.6%). Controls had significantly (p < 0.05) high adiposity (+36.8% relative), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass (+69.7%), VAT area (+69.5%), lower total body BMD (−8.4%) and lumbar spine BMD (−13.8%) than controls. No differences in lower limb BMD were seen in combat groups. Arm lean mass differences (dominant versus non-dominant) were significantly different between combat groups (p < 0.05, 4.2% versus 7.3%). There were no differences in punch/kick power (absolute or relative) between combat groups. 5RM strength (bench and squat) correlated significantly with upper limb striking power (r = 0.57), dominant and non-dominant leg BMD (r = 0.67, r = 0.70, respectively) and total body BMD (r = 0.59). Conclusion: BMD and LMM appear to be particularly important to discriminate between dominant and non-dominant upper limbs and less so for lower limb dominance in recreational combat athletes.

scholarly journals Body composition and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
N. V. Toroptsova ◽  
O. V. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
O. A. Nikitinskaya ◽  
A. O. Efremova ◽  
A. Yu. Feklistov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Lean Muscle Mass

Aim – to study the relationship between body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Material and methods. 68 postmenopausal women, median age 59 [54; 63] years, with RA were included in the study. Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were assessed with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.Results. 33 (48.5%) women had osteopenia, and 17 (25.0%) – osteoporosis (OP). Low lean muscle mass was found in 10 (14.7%) patients. There were positive correlations between different areal BMD and body weight, trunk fat, trunk lean muscle mass and total lean muscle mass. In the multivariate linear regression analysis total lean muscle mass was associated with BMD of lumbar spine (β=0.638; p=0.001) and total hip (β=0.473; p=0.008), and appendicular lean muscle mass, estimated using the appendicular muscle index, with femoral neck BMD (β=0.360; p=0.014).Conclusion. 73.5% of patients with RA had a reduced BMD, and 14.7% women – low muscle mass. The revealed significant association between the lean muscle mass and BMD of lumbar spine and proximal femur indicates the importance of detecting and correcting low lean muscle mass, as well as preventing its decline in order to prevent loss of BMD and osteoporotic fractures.

scholarly journals Bone Mineral Density, TBS, and Body Composition Indexes in Ukrainian Men with Parkinson’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Povoroznyuk ◽  
Maryna Bystrytska ◽  
Nataliia Grygorieva ◽  
Iryna Karaban ◽  
Nina Karasevich
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body

Introduction. Current research studies demonstrate the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) in subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, data about bone quality and body composition (BC) indexes are insufficient. The aim of the study was to assess the parameters of BMD, ВС, and trabecular bone score (TBS) in PD males. Materials and Methods. We performed a cross-sectional case-control research design and examined 76 males aged 50–77 years old, who were divided into two groups: first group including men without PD n=38 and the second group including subjects with PD n=38. Disease duration was at least 5 years; all PD participants were at levodopa therapy. BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck, total femur, radius, and total body and TBS Ll−L4 were measured using the DXA method. Whole-body DXA measures were also used for the study of total, lean, and fat masses, skeletal muscle index (SMI), appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), and fat mass index (FMI). Results. Our study showed an increased incidence of osteoporosis and significantly lower total body BMD (respectively, 1.20 ± 0.13 and 1.26 ± 0.10 g/cm2, p=0.05), but not lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs, and higher TBS value in PD men comparing to the control group (respectively, 1.33 ± 0.12 and 1.22 ± 0.18 un., p=0.005). Also, we established significantly decreased lower extremities BMD indexes, but not upper extremities, spine, and trunk BMDs in PD males. The femoral neck, proximal femur, and lower extremities BMD indexes in PD men were reliably lower at the side of predominance of clinical symptoms. Parameters of appendicular lean mass and ALMI in PD males were reliably higher, but fat mass values and FMI were lower compared to the control group in the absence of significant differences in lean mass values and SMI in weight-matched control. Conclusion. Due to low BMD values, changes in BC are present in PD males, and appropriate screening and preventive strategies should be instigated to maintain bone health in PD subjects.

scholarly journals AB0910 SARCOPENIA AND BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN MEN WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1757.2-1757
Author(s):  
T. Raskina ◽  
I. Grigoreva ◽  
J. Averkieva ◽  
A. Kokov ◽  
V. Masenko
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Objectives:To examine bone mineral density (BMD) in men with coronary heart disease (CHD), depending on the state of the muscle mass, strength and function.Methods:79 men aged over 50 years with verified CHD were examined (mean age 63 (57; 66) years).The BMD and T-criterion (standart deviation, SD) of the femoral neck and lumbar spine (L1-L4) were evaluated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) on the Lunar Prodigy Primo bone densitometer (USA). The following reference intervals were used: normal BMD values (T-criterion ≥-1), osteopenia (OPe) (T-criterion from -1 to -2.5), and osteoporosis (OP) (T-criterion <-2.5).To assess muscle mass, the total area (cm2) of the lumbar muscles of the axial section at the level of the 3rd lumbar vertebra (L3) was determined using multispiral computed tomography on a 64-slice computer tomograph “Somatom Sensation 64” (Siemens AG Medical Solution, Germany). The ratio of the obtained index of the area of skeletal muscle to the square of the patient’s growth index determined the “ skeletalmuscular index L3” (SMI). The media considered the threshold value to be 52.4 cm2/m2.Results:The femoral neck BMD in the examined patients was 0.96 (0.89; 1.03) g/cm2, which corresponds to -0.50 (-1.00; 0) SD according to the T-criterion, in the lumbar spine -1.23 (1.11; 1.32) g/cm2and 0.4 (-0.50; 1.20) SD according to the T-criterion.In accordance with the recommendations of the European working group on sarcopenia in Older people (EWGSOP, 2010, 2018), the patients were divided into 3 groups: 31 patients without sarcopenia (group 1), 21 patients with isolated muscle loss (presarcopenia) (group 2) and 27 patients with sarcopenia (group 3).BMD in the femoral neck in the group of patients without sarcopenia was 0.96 (0.72; 1.26) g/cm2, which corresponds to -0.50 (-0.8; 0.2) SD according to the T-criterion, in the lumbar spine – 1.19 (1.10; 1.275) g/cm2and 0.1 (-0.6; 0.8) SD according to the T-criterion. BMD in the femoral neck in the group of patients with presarcopenia (group 2) – 0.995 (0.94; 1.04) g/cm2and -0.3 (-0.70; 0) SD according to the T-criterion, in the lumbar spine – 1.32 (1.24; 1.40) g/cm2and 1.20 (0.50; 1.90) SD according to the T-criterion. In patients with established sarcopenia (group 3), the following indicators of BMD and T-criterion were recorded: 0.95 (0.845; 0.98) g/cm2and -0.60 (-1.40; -0.40) SD and 1.23 (0.085; 1.31) g/cm2and 0.4 (-0.8; 1.1) SD in the femoral neck and lumbar spine, respectively.A comparative analysis of the results of the DXA found that patients with sarcopenia had a significant decrease in the BMD and T-criterion in the femoral neck compared to patients with presarcopenia (p=0.039 and p=0.040, respectively). There were no differences between the groups of patients without sarcopenia and with sarcopenia and presarcopenia (p>0.05).It was found that patients with sarcopenia had significantly lower BMD and T-criterion in the lumbar spine compared to patients with presarcopenia (p=0.017 and p=0.0165, respectively). The values of the BMD and T-criterion in the groups of patients without sarcopenia and with presarcopenia and sarcopenia in the lumbar spine were comparable (p>0.05).Conclusion:The presence of sarcopenia is associated with loss of BMD in the femoral neck and in the lumbar spine. The results obtained confirm the high probability of common pathogenetic links between OP and sarcopenia.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Adipocytokine and ghrelin levels in relation to bone mineral density in physically active older women: longitudinal associations

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaak Jürimäe ◽  
Tatjana Kums ◽  
Toivo Jürimäe
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Independent Variables

PurposeWe investigated the relationship between the decrease in bone mineral mass (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) values with baseline adipocytokine and ghrelin concentrations in physically active postmenopausal women.MethodsLeptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, BMC, BMD and different body composition values were measured in 35 women (age: 69.7±6.0 years) before and after a 12-month prospective study period.ResultsSignificant (P<0.05) decreases in fat-free mass (FFM) (by 2.56%) and BMC (by 1.63%) and increases in adiponectin (by 14.8%) were seen in older females as a result of the study period. The independent variables that were associated with decreases in total BMC were baseline fat mass (FM) and adiponectin explaining 30.6% (R2×100) of the total variance. In another model, baseline FFM and leptin were the independent variables that explained 20.6% (P<0.05) of the total variance in the decreases in total BMD value. The variables that were associated with decreases in femoral neck BMD were FM and leptin (R2=0.102;P<0.05), while the independent variables were baseline trunk fat:leg fat ratio and adiponectin in the model with decreases in lumbar spine BMD as the dependent variable, and accounted for 13.1% (P<0.05) of the decreases in BMD variance.ConclusionsInitial adiponectin concentration together with specific body composition characteristics predicted loss in BMC and lumbar spine BMD values, while initial leptin concentration together with specific body composition parameters determined the loss in total and femoral neck BMD values in physically active older women.

Changes in Bone Mineral Density Associated with Dietary-Induced Loss of Body Mass in Young Women

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Ramsdale ◽  
E. J. Bassey
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body

1. Moderately overweight, premenopausal women were assessed for bone mineral density of the total body, lumbar spine and proximal femur before and after 6 months of modest dietary restriction (minimum 4800 kJ/day). The aim was to evaluate the effect of loss of body mass on bone mineral density. 2. Dietary assessment included two analyses of 3 day weighed food intakes, one before and the other after 4 months of dietary restriction. Energy and calcium intakes were significantly reduced by 27% and 5%, respectively. The change in calcium intake was negatively and significantly related to initial levels of calcium intake. 3. A significant mean loss of 3.4 ± 3.1 kg in body mass was achieved mainly in the first 3 months of the study; it was accompanied by significant losses at 6 months in bone mineral density in the total body of 0.7% and in the lumbar spine of 0.5%. There were no changes in the femur. 4. The change in bone mineral density in the total body was significantly related to the reduced absolute calcium intake, initial bone mineral density and loss of body mass. The change in bone mineral density in the spine was significantly related to the change in calcium intake. 5. These modest losses could be a threat in women with lower bone mineral density, and indicate the importance of maintaining a high intake of calcium during dietary restriction.

scholarly journals Association between Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12126
Author(s):  
Kai-Li Deng ◽  
Wan-Yu Yang ◽  
Jin-Li Hou ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body

Background: Bone mass acquisition during growth is a major determinant of the risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. Body composition is an anthropometric determinant of bone mineral density (BMD) and significantly influences its development during childhood and adolescence. Objective: This study aimed to systematically examine the association between body composition and bone mineral density in children and adolescents. Methods: Observational studies addressing this association were identified from PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Library (up to January 2021). The study populations consisted of healthy children and adolescents. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to compute pooled estimates of effect size and the respective 95% confidence intervals for upper limbs, femoral neck (FN), lumbar spine (LS) and total body, respectively. Subgroup analyses were further performed based on age, sex and ethnicity. Results: Thirty-one published studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis, including three longitudinal studies. The combined population from all the studies amounted to 21,393 (11,205 males and 10,188 females). The pooled estimates of the correlation coefficients for lean mass (LM) and BMD ranged from 0.53 to 0.74 (p < 0.050), and the pooled regression coefficients ranged from 0.23 to 0.79 for FN, LS and total body (p < 0.050). For fat mass (FM), the pooled correlation coefficients ranged from 0.10 to 0.50 (p < 0.050) and the pooled regression coefficient was only significant for FN BMD with a weak strength (pooled β = 0.07, p < 0.050). The pooled regression coefficients for body fat percentage (BF%) were between −0.54 and −0.04 (p < 0.050). The subgroup analysis revealed a stronger association in Asians than in Caucasians for LM and in males compared to females for BF% (p < 0.050). Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis supports a positive association between LM and BMD. BF% appears to have a deleterious effect on bone acquisition in children and adolescents.

Relationship of skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength and bone mineral density in adults with cystic fibrosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. ELKIN ◽  
Lauren WILLIAMS ◽  
Margaret MOORE ◽  
Margaret E. HODSON ◽  
Olga M. RUTHERFORD
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Peripheral Muscle ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Total Body

Few studies have investigated peripheral muscle strength and quality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The present study tested the isometric and isokinetic strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings using an isokinetic dynamometer and a strength-testing chair in 25 CF adults and 25 controls. Total body and leg muscle mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bone mineral density (BMD) was also measured. Both muscle strength and muscle mass (total body and leg) were decreased in the CF group. In both groups there was a highly significant relationship between quadriceps strength and leg muscle mass (CF, r = 0.7, P = 0.0002; controls, r = 0.6, P = 0.0013). When strength was normalized for muscle size, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Total body and leg BMD were significantly reduced in CF subjects compared with controls. However, when corrected for height, the differences disappeared. There was a significant relationship found between leg muscle mass and leg BMD. We conclude that CF adults are significantly weaker than controls. This is due to lower muscle mass, and not to a reduced force-generating capacity of the muscle, implying that there is no decrease in the quality of CF muscle. BMD is also reduced in CF subjects, and this appears to be related to shorter stature in this group.

scholarly journals Comparison of physical activity and body compA validated question from the osition in a cohort of children born extremely preterm or with extremely low birth weight to matched term-born controls: a follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Engan ◽  
Maria Vollsæter ◽  
Knut Øymar ◽  
Trond Markestad ◽  
Geir Egil Eide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Extremely Preterm

ObjectivesTo compare physical activity and body composition in a cohort of children born extremely preterm/extremely low birth weight (EP/ELBW) with term-born (TB) controls.MethodsA regional cohort of children born during 1999–2000 at gestational age <28 weeks or with birth weight <1000 g and their individually matched TB controls were examined in 2010–2011. Information on physical activity was obtained from parental questionnaires, and body composition was determined by anthropometry and dual X-ray absorptiometry.ResultsFifty-seven EP/ELBW and 57 TB controls were included at a mean age of 11.6 years. Compared with the TB children, the EP/ELBW-born children exercised less often (22% vs 44% exercised more than 3 days per week), had lower physical endurance and poorer proficiency in sports and play and were less vigorous during exercise (p<0.05). They also had lower values (mean; 95 % CI) for muscle mass (0.9; 0.3–1.5 kg), total bone mineral density z-score (0.30; 0.13–0.52 units) and fat mass ratio (0.14; 0.06–0.21 units). The association between physical activity and bone mineral and skeletal muscle mass accrual was significantly weaker for the EP/ELBW-born than the TB children.ConclusionsThe EP/ELBW-born children were less physically active, had signs of an unfavourable body composition with less muscle mass and lower bone mineral density than the TB controls. The association between physical activity and the measures of body composition was weaker in the group of EP/ELBW-born children.

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