scholarly journals Environmental Pyrethroid Exposure and Cognitive Dysfunction in U.S. Older Adults: The NHANES 2001–2002

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12005
Author(s):  
Ui-Jin Kim ◽  
Myeongjin Hong ◽  
Yoon-Hyeong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Neurocognitive Development ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Neurobehavioral Function

Pyrethroid compounds are widely used in household insecticides and agricultural pesticides. Recent studies, however, report that pyrethroid exposures affect neurobehavioral function in animals and may be associated with adverse neurocognitive development in children. This study aimed to examine the association between pyrethroid exposure and cognitive dysfunction in older adults using a well-defined general population. We analyzed data from 336 individuals, aged 60–84 years, who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2002. We used urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) concentration as a biomarker of pyrethroid exposures and assessed cognitive function with the digit–symbol coding test. The geometric means (±geometric standard errors) of creatinine-uncorrected and corrected urinary 3-PBA were 0.30 (±0.87) μg/L and 0.36 (±0.89) μg/g. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, higher 3-PBA concentrations (> vs. ≤0.30 μg/g creatinine (median)) were associated with lower scores of cognitive function (−3.83 95% confidence interval: −7.11, −0.54). Significance was persistent after additionally adjusting for physical activity and smoking pack-year (−3.76 95% CI: −7.16, −0.36) and further adjusting for BMI and presence of hypertension and diabetes (−3.82 95% CI: −6.92, −0.71). Our findings suggest that pyrethroid exposure is associated with cognitive dysfunction in older adults.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG SENIOR AMERICANS: TRENDS AND DIFFERENCES BY RACE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S650-S650
Author(s):  
Keqing Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yanyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Past Century

Abstract Improvements in health and increase in life expectancy have contributed to the increasing proportion of older population over the past century. It is estimated that by 2050, the number of older adults with cognitive impairments in the United States will increase by 2.5-4 fold, while age-specific rates remain constant. This paper uses data from 10 waves (1996-2014) of the Health and Retirement Study (N= 33213) to crystalize the trends in cognitive function changes and cognitive impairment rates in a nationally representative sample of older adults. OLS and logistic regressions are used to estimate the trends and determine the contribution of sociodemographic variables to decreasing trends in the prevalence of cognitive impairment over time. Results show that with the increase of age, the cognitive function of older adults decline in all races, after adjustment for age, gender, education, and other sociodemographic factors. Also, the annual decline rate of cognitive function is larger for African Americans and Hispanic Americans, while smaller for white and other races. A further investigation of the possibility of cognitive impairment reveals a different scenario: as individual ages, the Hispanic are the least likely to suffer from cognitive impairment, followed by the white, other and black. Improvements in educational level contribute to declines in cognitive impairment across all races, particular the Hispanic Americans. Race-specific findings suggest that future research need to take into account the racial diversity and possibly cultural influences when examining the cognitive functions of older adults.

Cognitive Dysfunction and Gait Abnormalities in CKD

2021 ◽  
pp. CJN.16091020
Author(s):  
Melanie J. Koren ◽  
Helena M. Blumen ◽  
Emmeline I. Ayers ◽  
Joe Verghese ◽  
Matthew K. Abramowitz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Gray Matter Atrophy ◽  
Gait Abnormalities

Background and objectivesCognitive impairment is a major cause of morbidity in CKD. We hypothesized that gait abnormalities share a common pathogenesis with cognitive dysfunction in CKD, and therefore would be associated with impaired cognitive function in older adults with CKD, and focused on a recently defined gait phenotype linked with CKD.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsGait assessments and neuropsychological testing were performed in 312 nondisabled, community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥65 years). A subset (n=115) underwent magnetic resonance imaging. The primary cognitive outcome was the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) total scale score. Associations with cognitive function were tested using multivariable linear regression and nearest-neighbor matching. The risk of developing mild cognitive impairment syndrome was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsLower eGFR was associated with lower RBANS score only among participants with the gait phenotype (P for interaction =0.04). Compared with participants with neither CKD nor the gait phenotype, adjusted RBANS scores were 5.4 points (95% confidence interval, 1.8 to 9.1) lower among participants with both, who demonstrated poorer immediate memory, visuospatial ability, delayed memory, and executive function. In a matched analysis limited to participants with CKD, the gait phenotype was similarly associated with lower RBANS scores (−6.9; 95% confidence interval, −12.2 to −1.5). Neuroimaging identified a pattern of gray matter atrophy common to both CKD and the gait phenotype involving brain regions linked with cognition. The gait phenotype was associated with higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (hazard ratio, 3.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.46 to 10.44) independent of eGFR.ConclusionsThe gait phenotype was associated with poorer function in a number of cognitive domains among older adults with CKD, and was associated with incident mild cognitive impairment independent of eGFR. CKD and the gait phenotype were associated with a shared pattern of gray matter atrophy.

scholarly journals Association of Vitamin D and Magnesium Status with Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011 to 2014 (FS05-03-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Peeri ◽  
Kathleen Egan ◽  
Menghua Tao
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Magnesium Intake ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Magnesium Status ◽  
Total Magnesium ◽  
Reduced Risk

Abstract Objectives Vitamin D protects neuronal structure and aids in neuronal calcium regulation and may play a role in neurodegeneration and aging. Magnesium plays an important role in multiple neurological disorders including cognitive impairment, and is linked with the synthesis and metabolism of vitamin D. Whether vitamin D and magnesium status influence cognitive function in older adults is poorly studied. We examined potential associations of these nutrients with cognitive status in a population-based cross-sectional study. Methods Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) 2011 to 2014, 2984 participants aged 60 years and older who completed the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) were analyzed. Cognitive function was assessed using DSST scores. Cases were defined as participants with a 25th percentile or lower score on the DSST. Total vitamin D and magnesium intake were determined from 24-hour dietary recalls and supplemental interviews. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was used to define vitamin D status. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results After adjustment for confounders, total energy and magnesium intake, a higher serum 25(OH)D level was associated with decreased odds of having a low DSST score (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.87) comparing highest vs. lowest tertile (P trend < 0.01). A similar association was observed for total vitamin D intake, with a reduced risk of lower DSST score with higher vitamin D intake. An inverse association of higher serum 25(OH)D with cognitive function was observed primarily among participants with a daily total magnesium intake of <254 mg (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.78) or ≥375 mg (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.95). There were no clear associations for cognitive function with total magnesium intake overall. Conclusions We found that higher serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with reduced risk of low cognitive function in older adults, and this association appeared to be modified by the intake level of magnesium. These findings warrant further studies investigating magnesium and vitamin D and their combined effects on cognitive function. Funding Sources UNTHSC. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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