Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: A Potential Treatment for Binge Eating and Food Addiction Symptoms in Women. A Pilot Study

Background: many patients who struggle to lose weight are unable to cut down certain ultra-processed, refined types of food with a high glycemic index. This condition is linked to responses similar to addiction that lead to overeating. A very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) with adequate protein intake could be considered a valid dietary approach. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of a VLCKD in women with binge eating and/or food addiction symptoms. Methods: subjects diagnosed with binge eating and/or food addiction symptoms (measured with the Binge Eating Scale and the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0) were asked to follow a VLCKD with protein replacement for 5–7 weeks (T1) and a low-calorie diet for 11–21 weeks (T2). Self-reported food addiction and binge eating symptoms and body composition were tested at T0 (baseline) and at the end of each diet (T1 and T2 respectively); Results: five women were included in the study. Mean age was 36.4 years (SEM = 4.95) and mean BMI was 31.16 (SEM = 0.91). At T0, two cases of severe food addiction, one case of mild food addiction, one case of binge eating with severe food addiction, and one case of binge eating were recorded. Weight loss was recorded at both T1 and T2 (ranging from 4.8% to 11.6% of the initial body weight at T1 and from 7.3% to 12.8% at T2). No case of food addiction and/or binge eating symptoms was recorded at T2. Muscle mass was preserved. Conclusions: recent findings have highlighted the potential therapeutic role of ketogenic diets for the treatment of addiction to high-calorie, ultra-processed and high-glycemic food. Our pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of a ketogenic diet in women with addictive-like eating disorders seeking to lose weight.

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Lipocalin Prostaglandin D2 Synthase (LPGDS) Levels following Sleeve Gastrectomy and a Very-Low-Calorie Diet (VLCD)—A Pilot Study

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db18-299-lb ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 299-LB

Author(s):

RAYMOND G. LAU ◽

SUNIL KUMAR ◽

JENNY LEE ◽

CHRIS HALL ◽

THOMAS PALAIA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Prostaglandin D2 ◽

Very Low Calorie Diet ◽

Low Calorie ◽

Low Calorie Diet ◽

Calorie Diet ◽

Prostaglandin D2 Synthase

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MRI estimated changes in visceral adipose tissue and liver fat fraction in patients with obesity during a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet compared to a standard low-calorie diet

Clinical Radiology ◽

10.1016/j.crad.2020.02.014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (7) ◽

pp. 526-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G.M. Cunha ◽

L. Lugarino Correa de Mello ◽

K.A. Hasenstab ◽

L. Spina ◽

I. Bussade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Ketogenic Diet ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Liver Fat ◽

Low Calorie ◽

Low Calorie Diet ◽

Calorie Diet ◽

Fat Fraction ◽

Visceral Adipose

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Comparison of a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet with a standard low-calorie diet in the treatment of obesity

Endocrine ◽

10.1007/s12020-014-0192-3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 793-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Basilio Moreno ◽

Diego Bellido ◽

Ignacio Sajoux ◽

Albert Goday ◽

Dolores Saavedra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ketogenic Diet ◽

Low Calorie ◽

Low Calorie Diet ◽

Calorie Diet ◽

Treatment Of Obesity

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Traducción al español de la escala de adicción a los alimentos de Yale (Yale Food Addiction Scale) y su evaluación en una muestra de población mexicana. Análisis factorial

Salud Mental ◽

10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2016.034 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 295-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mariana Isabel Valdés-Moreno ◽

◽

María Cristina Rodríguez-Márquez ◽

Juan José Cervantes-Navarrete ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Binge Eating ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Yale Food Addiction Scale ◽

Grasa Corporal ◽

Binge Eating Scale

Resumen Introducción. La obesidad es la acumulación excesiva de grasa corporal, lo que condiciona una alta comorbilidad. El consumo descontrolado de alimentos hipercalóricos es causa de su desarrollo; ésta es una conducta de características similares a la de pacientes con adicción a sustancias. La escala de adicción a los alimentos, YFAS (Yale Food Addiction Scale), permite identificar a sujetos con conducta adictiva a los alimentos. Objetivo. Validar la escala YFAS en español en una muestra de población mexicana adulta. Método. La muestra de participantes (160) respondió a la encuesta en dos ocasiones, con un período de tres semanas entre cada aplicación. La pertinencia de un modelo factorial se corroboró con las pruebas de esfericidad de Bartlett y la medición del parámetro de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin. Resultados. El α de Cronbach = 0.7963 corroboró la consistencia interna de la escala. Para la confiabilidad se obtuvo el coeficiente de Spearman por la metodología test-retest, de r = 0.565, n = 96. La validación por convergencia, correlacionando con la escala para trastorno por atracón (Binge Eating Scale, BES) (r = 0.5868 p ≤ 0.0001; n = 157). Las pruebas de Bartlett (χ2(300) = 1572.3, p < 0.05) y Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO = 0.825) mostraron pertinencia del modelo factorial. Además, se correlacionaron los resultados de la YFAS con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) (r = 0.2843 p ≤ 0.001; n = 151). Discusión y conclusión. Esta versión de YFAS presentó propiedades psicométricas adecuadas y similares a las de la original y a otras de sus traducciones y adaptaciones. Se considera entonces con utilidad para la práctica asistencial y para estudios de investigación clínica en población mexicana.

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Symptoms of ‘food addiction’ in binge eating disorder using the Yale Food Addiction Scale version 2.0

Appetite ◽

10.1016/j.appet.2018.11.032 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 133 ◽

pp. 362-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Jacqueline C. Carter ◽

Megan Van Wijk ◽

Marsha Rowsell

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorder ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Binge Eating Disorder ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Yale Food Addiction Scale ◽

Version 2.0

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Neural correlates of food addiction “diagnosis” as assessed by the Yale Food Addiction Scale: An exploratory pilot study

Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.jnim.2017.04.104 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 88 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Pursey ◽

P. Stanwell ◽

P. Stroman ◽

C.E. Collins ◽

T. Burrows

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Yale Food Addiction Scale

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Psychometric Properties and Convergent and Divergent Validity of the Portuguese Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (P-YFAS 2.0)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-432446/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sónia Ferreira Gonçalves ◽

Célia Moreira ◽

Bárbara Machado ◽

Beatriz Bastos ◽

Ana Isabel Vieira

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Divergent Validity ◽

Eating Disordered ◽

Yale Food Addiction Scale ◽

Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽

Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Purpose The construct of food addiction has been gaining increased attention as a research topic. Currently, the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 is the only measure to operationalize the addictive-like eating behavior according to addiction criteria proposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The present study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, as well as investigating the convergent and divergent validity between this scale and the following measures: Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, Body Investment Scale, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. We also sought to explore the moderator role of difficulties in emotion regulation in the relationship between food addiction and binge eating. Methods: A sample of 302 female college students (Mage = 21.37, SD = 3.24) completed self-report measures.Results Sixteen (5.3%) participants were diagnosed as having food addiction. The confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the original one-dimensional structure is adequate to represent the Portuguese Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. The symptom count scores of the scale were correlated with body mass index, eating disordered behavior, body investment and difficulties in emotion regulation. The severity level of the scale also discriminated the severity of eating disordered behaviors, body investment and difficulties in emotion regulation. Finally, the relationship between food addiction and binge eating was moderated by difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior when experiencing negative emotions.Conclusion The Portuguese version of the Yale Food Addiction Questionnaire 2.0 may be a useful tool to investigate food addiction.

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Naturalistic and Uncontrolled Pilot Study on the Efficacy of Vortioxetine in Binge Eating Disorder With Comorbid Depression

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.635502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Cristina Segura-Garcia ◽

Marianna Rania ◽

Elvira Anna Carbone ◽

Renato de Filippis ◽

Matteo Aloi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Body Weight ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Eating Behaviors ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Comorbid Depression ◽

Night Eating

Background: Binge eating disorder (BED) is clinically relevant by virtue of the global impairment, poor quality of life, and increased overall medical morbidity. The high comorbidity with psychiatric disorders, particularly depression, has received attention as a possible mediator of the poor outcome. Further, BED and depression share cognitive dysfunctions. This naturalistic and uncontrolled pilot study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of vortioxetine (VTX) on depressive symptoms in patients with BED, secondly the efficacy in improving a broad array of executive functions, and third to explore the effect on eating behavior and body weight.Methods: This pilot study involved 30 patients with BED and comorbid MDD, treated with VTX for 24 weeks. Assessments were run at baseline (t0), 4 (t1), 8 (t2), 12 (t3), and 24 (t4) weeks. Changes in depressive symptoms (HDRS and BDI), executive functions, eating behaviors (binge frequency and severity, night eating, food addiction), and body weight were estimated after treatment with VTX through GLM.Results: Significant improvements emerged after treatment with VTX in: depression (HDRS p < 0.001; BDI p = 0.002) regardless the dose of VTX and first diagnosis (BED/MDD), working memory (RAVLT acquisition p = 0.01, delay recall p < 0.001, RCFT percentage of recall p = 0.01, and Attentional Matrices p = 0.05), binge days frequency (p < 0.001), binge eating severity (BES p < 0.001), night eating (p = 0.001), food addiction (YFAS 2.0 p = 0.039), and body weight (p = 0.039). The improvement in depressive symptoms was associated with the concurrent improvement in night eating as assessed by the I-NEQ.Conclusions: VTX can be a valid therapeutic choice for patients with BED with comorbid depression in controlling the depressive symptoms, working memory, and eating behavior. Indeed, by acting on affective symptoms, neurocognitive functioning, and eating behaviors, it confirms the results already obtained with VTX in other disorders, expanding them to BED.

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