scholarly journals Adequacy of Existing Surveillance Systems to Monitor Racism, Social Stigma and COVID Inequities: A Detailed Assessment and Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13099
Author(s):  
Chandra L. Ford ◽  
Bita Amani ◽  
Nina T. Harawa ◽  
Randall Akee ◽  
Gilbert C. Gee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Detailed Assessment

The populations impacted most by COVID are also impacted by racism and related social stigma; however, traditional surveillance tools may not capture the intersectionality of these relationships. We conducted a detailed assessment of diverse surveillance systems and databases to identify characteristics, constraints and best practices that might inform the development of a novel COVID surveillance system that achieves these aims. We used subject area expertise, an expert panel and CDC guidance to generate an initial list of N > 50 existing surveillance systems as of 29 October 2020, and systematically excluded those not advancing the project aims. This yielded a final reduced group (n = 10) of COVID surveillance systems (n = 3), other public health systems (4) and systems tracking racism and/or social stigma (n = 3, which we evaluated by using CDC evaluation criteria and Critical Race Theory. Overall, the most important contribution of COVID-19 surveillance systems is their real-time (e.g., daily) or near-real-time (e.g., weekly) reporting; however, they are severely constrained by the lack of complete data on race/ethnicity, making it difficult to monitor racial/ethnic inequities. Other public health systems have validated measures of psychosocial and behavioral factors and some racism or stigma-related factors but lack the timeliness needed in a pandemic. Systems that monitor racism report historical data on, for instance, hate crimes, but do not capture current patterns, and it is unclear how representativeness the findings are. Though existing surveillance systems offer important strengths for monitoring health conditions or racism and related stigma, new surveillance strategies are needed to monitor their intersecting relationships more rigorously.

scholarly journals Integrating laboratory networks, surveillance systems and public health institutes in Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Onyebujoh ◽  
Ajay K. Thirumala ◽  
Jean-Bosco Ndihokubwayo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
International Health ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
African Region ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Levels Of Service

The Ebola outbreak in West Africa underlined the urgent need for integration of public health  systems, including the establishment of national laboratory networks, surveillance systems, and health research institutions at all levels of service delivery. The integration schema presented here would assist in driving the immediate steps needed for integration of public health systems, particularly laboratory networks, in support of the implementation of International Health Regulations and the Global Health Security Agenda in the African region. Increased funding, political willingness from countries, and coordination through enhanced technical assistance from international partners, are critical in achieving this objective.

Maternal health services in China’s western rural areas: uptake and correlates

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengfang Liu ◽  
Linxiu Zhang ◽  
Yaojiang Shi ◽  
Huan ZHOU ◽  
Alexis Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Maternal Health Services ◽  
Western China ◽  
Public Health Systems

Purpose Many public health systems have struggled with the dual questions of (1) why the uptake rate of maternal health services is low among some subpopulations; and (2) how to raise it. The objective of this study is to assess the uptake rate of a new set of maternal health services in poor rural areas of China. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on the survey responses of women’s representatives and village cadres from almost 1000 villages in June 2012 as part of a wide-scale public health survey in Sichuan, Gansu and Yunnan provinces in the western part of China. Findings We find that the uptake rate of maternal health services (including in-hospital delivery, antenatal care visits and post-partum care visits) in poor rural areas of western China are far below average in China, and that the rates vary across provinces and ethnic groups. Our analyses demonstrate that distance, income, ethnicity and availability appear to be systematically correlated with low uptake rates of all maternal health services. Demand-side factors seem to be by far the most important sources of the differences between subpopulations. We also find that there is potential for creating a Conditional Cash Transfer program to improve the usage of maternal health services. Originality/value We believe that our results will contribute positively to the exploration of answers to the dual questions that many public health systems have struggled with (1) why the uptake rate of maternal health services is low among some subpopulations; and (2) how to raise it.

scholarly journals Integrating oral health with public health systems under the framework of the Global Charter for the Public's Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-170
Author(s):  
Aimee Lee ◽  
Marta Lomazzi ◽  
Hyewon Lee ◽  
Raman Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Public Health Systems

Using the Turning Point Model State Public Health Law

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (S4) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
Lawrence O. Gostin ◽  
Glen Safford ◽  
Deborah Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Point Model ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Local Levels

The Turning Point Initiative is an initiative for which the Robert Wood Johnson (RWJ) and W.K. Kellogg foundations partnered in order to fund a group of states and a number of communities within each of those states to work through a planning process to look at ways to strengthen their public health systems at the state and local levels. Out of that process, the states and communities would come together at the national level to talk about what they had been learning and what the issues were. There were a number of issues that resonated with all of the states.

scholarly journals Competing health policies: insurance against universal public systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asa Ebba Cristina Laurell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Access To Services ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Good Medicine ◽  
The Right ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Universal Health

Objectives: This article analyzes the content and outcome of ongoing health reforms in Latin America: Universal Health Coverage with Health Insurance, and the Universal and Public Health Systems. It aims to compare and contrast the conceptual framework and practice of each and verify their concrete results regarding the guarantee of the right to health and access to required services. It identifies a direct relationship between the development model and the type of reform. The neoclassical-neoliberal model has succeeded in converting health into a field of privatized profits, but has failed to guarantee the right to health and access to services, which has discredited the governments. The reform of the progressive governments has succeeded in expanding access to services and ensuring the right to health, but faces difficulties and tensions related to the permanence of a powerful, private, industrial-insurance medical complex and persistence of the ideologies about medicalized 'good medicine'. Based on these findings, some strategies to strengthen unique and supportive public health systems are proposed.

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