scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in People with Visual Impairment Compared with the General Population

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Audun Brunes ◽  
Trond Heir
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: People with a visual impairment appear to have an increased risk of experiencing potentially traumatizing life events and possibly also subsequently developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigated the point prevalence of PTSD in people with a visual impairment compared with the general population of Norway and examined factors associated with PTSD among people with a visual impairment. Methods: A telephone-based survey was administered to a probability sample of 1216 adults with a visual impairment. Of these, 736 (61% response rate) participated. A probability sample from the general population served as a reference (n = 1792, 36% response rate). PTSD was measured with the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5), based on the currently most bothersome event reported from the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5). We used the DSM-5 diagnostic guidelines to categorize participants as fulfilling the PTSD symptom criteria or not. Results: The prevalence of PTSD was higher among people with a visual impairment than in the general population, both for men (9.0% vs. 3.8%) and women (13.9% vs. 8.5%). The prevalence rates of PTSD from the illness or injury that had caused the vision loss (men 3.9%, women 2.2%) accounted for a considerable part of the difference between the populations. For women, PTSD related to sexual assaults also contributed significantly to a higher PTSD prevalence in the visually impaired versus the general population (5.2% vs. 2.2%), while for men there were no other event categories which resulted in significant differences. Among people with a visual impairment, the higher risk of PTSD was associated with lower age, female gender, having acquired the vision loss, and having other impairments in addition to the vision loss. Conclusion: The higher prevalence of PTSD in people with a visual impairment suggests that vulnerability to mental health problems is associated with serious life events. The higher incidence than in the general population is partly due to the illness or injury that had led to the vision loss and partly due to people with vision loss appearing to be more vulnerable through exposure to other types of potentially traumatizing events, such as sexual abuse.

scholarly journals Serious life events and post-traumatic stress disorder in the Norwegian population

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trond Heir ◽  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Tine Grimholt ◽  
Øivind Ekeberg ◽  
Laila Skogstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background It has been suggested that countries with more resources and better healthcare have populations with a higher risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Norway is a high-income country with good public healthcare. Aims To examine lifetime trauma exposure and the point prevalence of PTSD in the general Norwegian population. Method A survey was administered to a national probability sample of 5500 adults (aged ≥18 years). Of 4961 eligible individuals, 1792 responded (36%). Responders and non-responders did not differ significantly in age, gender or urban versus rural residence. Trauma exposure was measured using the Life Events Checklist for the DSM-5. PTSD was measured with the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5. We used the DSM-5 diagnostic guidelines to categorise participants as fulfilling the PTSD symptom criteria or not. Results At least one serious lifetime event was reported by 85% of men and 86% of women. The most common event categories were transportation accident and life-threatening illness or injury. The point prevalence of PTSD was 3.8% for men and 8.5% for women. The most common events causing PTSD were sexual and physical assaults, life-threatening illness or injury, and sudden violent deaths. Risk of PTSD increased proportionally with the number of event categories experienced. Conclusions High estimates of serious life events and correspondingly high rates of PTSD in the Norwegian population support the paradox that countries with more resources and better healthcare have higher risk of PTSD. Possible explanations are high expectations for a risk-free life and high attention to potential harmful mental health effects of serious life events. Declaration of interest None.

Evaluating the effectiveness of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment using acupuncture combined with cognitive behavioral therapy in Thua Thien Hue province

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Thi Tan Nguyen ◽  
Van Minh Doan ◽  
Nhat Minh Tran ◽  
Van Hung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Effectiveness Rate ◽  
Post Traumatic

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that develops in people who have experienced or witnessed a serious traumatic event, such as natural catastrophes, sexual assaults, war… Some studies showed that acupuncture was effective for PTSD. However, there is no published research on the treatment of PTSD using acupuncture and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in Vietnam. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treating PTSD using acupuncture combined with CBT in Thua Thien Hue province. Method and subject: This study was an interventional study conducted in two districts of Thua Thien Hue province. Thirty patients were diagnosed with PTSD using Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5). Participants were assessed on PTSD symptoms using PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL–5); depression, anxiety and stress status using DASS-21; and other health states before and after treatment. Result: The effectiveness rate of treatment was 83.3% by PCL–5 and 86.7% by DASS-21. The improvement of symptoms after 5 weeks of treatment was statistically significant (p <0.05). Side effects were itch (5.0%), pain (4.3%); bleeding (1.3%); and others (0%). Conclusion: Treatment of PTSD using acupuncture and CBT has a high effectiveness rate on PCL - 5 scale and DASS21 scale. Improvement was similar when evaluated by the two scales. Acupuncture was safe and did not cause any significant side effects. Key words: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, acupuncture, cognitive behavior therapy, CBT, Thua Thien Hue

scholarly journals Experiences with traumatic events, consequences and care among people with visual impairment and post-traumatic stress disorder: a qualitative study from The Netherlands

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041469
Author(s):  
Alida J van der Ham ◽  
Hilde P A van der Aa ◽  
Peter Verstraten ◽  
Ger H M B van Rens ◽  
Ruth M A van Nispen
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

ObjectiveHaving a visual impairment is known to be associated with an increased vulnerability to (potentially) traumatic events. Little is known about how people with visual impairment experience and process such events. This qualitative study aimed to provide more insight into experiences with traumatic events, consequences of traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related care among people with visual impairment and PTSD.MethodsEighteen persons with visual impairment and (a history of) PTSD were interviewed. Among them were 14 women and 4 men aged between 23 and 66 years. Recruitment of participants was done through health professionals from two low-vision service centres and a patient association for people with eye diseases and visual impairment in The Netherlands. Interviews focused on experiences with (1) traumatic events, (2) consequences of traumatic events and (3) PTSD-related care. Thematic content analysis of interview data was performed using ATLAS.ti. The COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ) checklist was used to check for completeness and transparency of the study. Data were collected between 2018 and 2020.ResultsThe most commonly reported traumatic events were sexual and physical abuse. Many participants experienced that their impairment had negatively affected their acceptance by others, independence and self-esteem, increasing their vulnerability for traumatic events. Additionally, having a visual impairment negatively impacted participants’ ability to respond to situations and aggravated post-traumatic stress reactions. Existing treatments seem suitable for people with visual impairment when accommodated to the impairment.ConclusionsHaving a visual impairment may affect traumatic events and post-traumatic stress reactions, particularly by contributing to low self-esteem, problems in social interactions and a lack of visual information. Insights from this study provide starting points for adapting pretraumatic and post-traumatic care to the needs of people with visual impairment.

scholarly journals Determinants of the development of post-traumatic stress disorder, in the general population

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Perrin ◽  
Caroline L. Vandeleur ◽  
Enrique Castelao ◽  
Stéphane Rothen ◽  
Jennifer Glaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

scholarly journals Train accidents: Is there post-traumatic stress disorder in train drivers?

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Isabel da Conceição Lemos ◽  
Ivone Patrão
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Potentially Traumatic Events ◽  
Dissociative Experiences ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Train Drivers

Aim The objective of this study is to verify whether there is a correlation between PTSD, Depression, Life Events and Experiences of Dissociation Peritraumatic, and what is the effect of these variables on PTSD. Railway accidents are considered potentially traumatic events and one of the consequences is the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). There are few studies that focus on the association between train accidents and the development of PTSD on train drivers. Method In total, 216 male train drivers with a mean age of 44.85 (SD = 5.70), completed the Portuguese versions of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the List of Life Events – Clinician Administered (CAPS), the PTSD Checklist Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ). Results A prevalence of PTSD symptoms in train drivers (8.3%) was revealed, as well as the existence of a significant correlation between PTSD and the main variables: Depression (r = .70, p < .001), Life Events (r = .25, p < .001) and Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences (r = .63, p < .001), and also that variables BDI-II (β = .51, t = 9.60, p < .001) and PDEQ (β = .34, t = 6.24, p < .001) have a significant impact at the PCL-C (R² = .58). Conclusion According to the results obtained and taking into account that 8.3% of train drivers present symptoms of PTSD, we consider important the existence of a reparative and preventive psychological support after the railway accident, in order to minimize the psychological impact on train drivers.

scholarly journals Post-traumatic stress disorder in Israeli children

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Sam Tyano
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
New Situation

Unfortunately, terrorism, violence and other acute adverse life events have become a world-wide problem. There is no country today that is protected from these phenomena and people can no longer feel safe anywhere. This new situation has increased both the scientific interest in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the amount of research conducted on this issue.

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An unexplored co-occurrence of conditions

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirit Haruvi-Lamdan ◽  
Danny Horesh ◽  
Shani Zohar ◽  
Meital Kraus ◽  
Ofer Golan
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Post Traumatic

People with Autism Spectrum Disorder show an increased risk of experiencing potentially traumatic events, particularly social victimization. However, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder co-occurrence was hardly studied. We examined exposure to potentially traumatic life events and PTSD symptoms in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder vs typical adults. Twenty-five adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder and 25 typical adults were comparable on age and gender. Participants self-reported on potentially traumatic life events of social and non-social nature, and on PTSD symptoms related to their most distressing event. Results showed higher rates of probable-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Autism Spectrum Disorder group (32%) compared with the typical adults group (4%). Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder reported more PTSD symptoms, particularly re-experiencing and hyper-arousal, compared with typical adults, although the latter was elevated only in females with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder, especially females, reported more negative life events, particularly social events, than typical adults. Sixty percent of Autism Spectrum Disorder participants, but only 20% of typical adults, chose a social event as their most distressing event. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and probable-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder co-occurrence presented poorer social skills compared with those with Autism Spectrum Disorder alone. Results indicate increased vulnerability of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder to trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, especially due to social stressors. Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder may be particularly vulnerable to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Lay Abstract People with Autism Spectrum Disorder show an increased risk of experiencing traumatic events, particularly social victimization. However, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder co-occurrence was hardly studied. We examined exposure to traumatic life events and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder vs typical adults. Two groups took part in this study: Twenty-five adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder and 25 typical adults of similar age and male to female ratio. Participants completed questionnaires on potentially traumatic life events of social and non-social nature, as well as on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms related to their most distressing event. Participants also filled out an autism traits questionnaire. Results showed a higher Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder rate in the Autism Spectrum Disorder group (32%) compared with the typical group (4%). Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder reported more Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms, particularly re-experiencing and increased physiological arousal, compared with typical adults, although the latter was elevated only in females with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder, especially females, reported more negative life events, particularly social events, than typical adults. Sixty percent of Autism Spectrum Disorder participants, but only 20% of typical participants, chose a social event as their most distressing event. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder who were also suspected as having Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (based on their questionnaires) presented poorer social skills compared with those with Autism Spectrum Disorder alone. Results indicate that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder are more susceptible to trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, particularly due to social stressors. Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder may be especially vulnerable to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

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