scholarly journals Sleep as a Novel Biomarker and a Promising Therapeutic Target for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Review Focusing on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Blood-Brain Barrier

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya ◽  
Dmitry Postnov ◽  
Thomas Penzel ◽  
Jürgen Kurths
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Blood Brain

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a leading cause of cognitive decline in elderly people and development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage is a key pathophysiological mechanism of amyloidal CSVD. Sleep plays a crucial role in keeping health of the central nervous system and in resistance to CSVD. The deficit of sleep contributes to accumulation of metabolites and toxins such as beta-amyloid in the brain and can lead to BBB disruption. Currently, sleep is considered as an important informative platform for diagnosis and therapy of AD. However, there are no effective methods for extracting of diagnostic information from sleep characteristics. In this review, we show strong evidence that slow wave activity (SWA) (0–0.5 Hz) during deep sleep reflects glymphatic pathology, the BBB leakage and memory deficit in AD. We also discuss that diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of SWA in AD might lead to be a novel era in effective therapy of AD. Moreover, we demonstrate that SWA can be pioneering non-invasive and bed–side technology for express diagnosis of the BBB permeability. Finally, we review the novel data about the methods of detection and enhancement of SWA that can be biomarker and a promising therapy of amyloidal CSVD and CSVD associated with the BBB disorders.

scholarly journals Blood-brain barrier impairment and hypoperfusion are linked in cerebral small vessel disease

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (15) ◽  
pp. e1669-e1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sau May Wong ◽  
Jacobus F.A. Jansen ◽  
C. Eleana Zhang ◽  
Erik I. Hoff ◽  
Julie Staals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Dynamic Susceptibility ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Bbb Permeability

ObjectiveTo investigate the link between blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability and cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the relation with white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD).MethodsTwenty-seven patients with cSVD received dynamic susceptibility contrast and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to determine CBF and BBB permeability (expressed as leakage rate and volume), respectively. Structural MRI were segmented into normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and WMH, for which a perilesional zone was defined. In these regions, we investigated the BBB permeability, CBF, and their relation using Pearson correlation r.ResultsWe found a decrease in CBF of 2.2 mL/min/100 g (p < 0.01) and an increase in leakage volume of 0.7% (p < 0.01) per mm closer to the WMH in the perilesional zones. Lower CBF values correlated with higher leakage measures in the NAWM and WMH (−0.53 < r < −0.40, p < 0.05). This relation was also observed in the perilesional zones, which became stronger in the proximity of WMH (p = 0.03).ConclusionBBB impairment and hypoperfusion appear in the WMH and NAWM, which increase in the proximity of the WMH, and are linked. Both BBB and CBF are regulated in the neurovascular unit (NVU) and the observed link might be due to the physiologic regulation mechanism of the NVU. This link may suggest an early overall deterioration of this unit.

scholarly journals Blood-brain barrier failure as a core mechanism in cerebral small vessel disease and dementia: evidence from a cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Wardlaw ◽  
Stephen J. Makin ◽  
Maria C. Valdés Hernández ◽  
Paul A. Armitage ◽  
Anna K. Heye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Barrier Failure ◽  
Blood Brain

scholarly journals Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (Arteriolosclerosis) in Brains of Older People

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1026-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie R. Bridges ◽  
Joycelyn Andoh ◽  
Andrew J. Lawrence ◽  
Cheryl H.L. Khoong ◽  
Wayne W. Poon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Blood Brain

Different cognitive profiles between mild cognitive impairment due to cerebral small vessel disease and mild cognitive impairment of Alzheimer’s disease origin

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
AIHONG ZHOU ◽  
JIANPING JIA
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Vessel Disease

AbstractControversy surrounds the differences of the cognitive profile between mild cognitive impairment resulting from cerebral small vessel disease (MCI-SVD) and mild cognitive impairment associated with prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (MCI-AD). The aim of this study was to explore and compare the cognitive features of MCI-SVD and MCI-AD. MCI-SVD patients (n = 56), MCI-AD patients (n = 30), and normal control subjects (n = 80) were comprehensively evaluated with neuropsychological tests covering five cognitive domains. The performance was compared between groups. Tests that discriminated between MCI-SVD and MCI-AD were identified. Multiple cognitive domains were impaired in MCI-SVD group, while memory and executive function were mainly impaired in MCI-AD group. Compared with MCI-SVD, MCI-AD patients performed relatively worse on memory tasks, but better on processing speed measures. The AVLT Long Delay Free Recall, Digit Symbol Test, and Stroop Test Part A (performance time) in combination categorized 91.1% of MCI-SVD patients and 86.7% of MCI-AD patients correctly. Current study suggested a nonspecific neuropsychological profile for MCI-SVD and a more specific cognitive pattern in MCI-AD. MCI-AD patients demonstrated greater memory impairment with relatively preserved mental processing speed compared with MCI-SVD patients. Tests tapping these two domains might be potentially useful for differentiating MCI-SVD and MCI-AD patients. (JINS, 2009, 15, 898–905.)

scholarly journals Cerebral small vessel disease in middle age and genetic predisposition to late-onset Alzheimer's disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Stefaniak ◽  
Li Su ◽  
Elijah Mak ◽  
Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei ◽  
Katie Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
Vessel Disease
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