scholarly journals Directed Recovery and Molecular Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids from Cheese Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7801
Author(s):  
Ana Belén Flórez ◽  
Lucía Vázquez ◽  
Javier Rodríguez ◽  
Baltasar Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Resistance Plasmids ◽  
Digestion Profile

Resistance to antimicrobials is a growing problem of worldwide concern. Plasmids are thought to be major drivers of antibiotic resistance spread. The present work reports a simple way to recover replicative plasmids conferring antibiotic resistance from the bacteria in cheese. Purified plasmid DNA from colonies grown in the presence of tetracycline and erythromycin was introduced into plasmid-free strains of Lactococcus lactis, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus casei. Following antibiotic selection, the plasmids from resistant transformants were isolated, analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion, and sequenced. Seven patterns were obtained for the tetracycline-resistant colonies, five from L. lactis, and one each from the lactobacilli strains, as well as a single digestion profile for the erythromycin-resistant transformants obtained in L. lactis. Sequence analysis respectively identified tet(S) and ermB in the tetracycline- and erythromycin-resistance plasmids from L. lactis. No dedicated resistance genes were detected in plasmids conferring tetracycline resistance to L. casei and L. plantarum. The present results highlight the usefulness of the proposed methodology for isolating functional plasmids that confer antibiotic resistance to LAB species, widen our knowledge of antibiotic resistance in the bacteria that inhabit cheese, and emphasize the leading role of plasmids in the spread of resistance genes via the food chain.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Tn916-like Transposon Tn3872 in a Strain of Abiotrophia defectiva (Streptococcus defectivus) Causing Sequential Episodes of Endocarditis in a Child

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 790-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Poyart ◽  
Gilles Quesne ◽  
Philippe Acar ◽  
Patrick Berche ◽  
Patrick Trieu-Cuot
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Gene ◽  
Conjugative Transposons ◽  
Abiotrophia Defectiva

ABSTRACT Clinical blood isolates from three sequential episodes of endocarditis occurring over a 6-month period in a child with a malformative cardiopathy were investigated. All isolates identified asAbiotrophia defectiva were resistant to erythromycin-clindamycin and to tetracycline-minocycline, due to the presence of sequences homologous to the erythromycin resistance geneermB and to the tetracycline resistance genetet(M), respectively. These resistance genes were located on a chromosomally borne composite Tn916-related transposon. These results demonstrate the involvement of conjugative transposons in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the genusAbiotrophia.

Characterization of staphylococci contaminating automated teller machines in Hong Kong

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
pp. 1366-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ZHANG ◽  
M. O'DONONGHUE ◽  
M. V. BOOST
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Automated Teller Machines ◽  
Resistance Determinants

SUMMARYEnvironmental staphylococcal contamination was investigated by culture of 400 automated teller machines (ATMs). Isolates were characterized for antibiotic and antiseptic susceptibility, carriage of antiseptic resistance genes (QAC genes), and spa types. MRSA, which was similar to local clinical isolates, was present on two (0·5%) of the 62 (15·5%) ATMs that yielded Staphylococcus aureus. QAC genes were more common in coagulase-negative staphylococci (qacA/B 26·0%, smr 14%) than S. aureus (11·3% qacA/B, 1·6% smr). QAC-positive isolates had significantly higher minimum inhibitory concentrations/minimum bactericidal concentrations to benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate. QAC gene presence was significantly associated with methicillin and tetracycline resistance. Survival of staphylococci, including MRSA, on common access sites may be facilitated by low disinfectant concentrations, which select for disinfectant-tolerant strains, while co-selecting for antibiotic-resistance determinants. Disinfection procedures should be performed correctly to help prevent spread of resistant pathogens from reservoirs in the community.

scholarly journals Tn1403, a Multiple-Antibiotic Resistance Transposon Made Up of Three Distinct Transposons

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1827-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Stokes ◽  
Liam D. H. Elbourne ◽  
Ruth M. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Resistance Determinant ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance

ABSTRACT Transposon Tn1403 from a clinical Pseudomonas strain is composed of three transposons, including Tn5393c. A related transposon Tn1404* from a plant-associated Pseudomonas strain lacks Tn5393 but includes a transposon carrying the tet(C) tetracycline resistance determinant. These compound transposons illustrate the role of preexisting transposons in generating clusters of antibiotic resistance genes.

Isolation and characterization of antibiotic-resistance plasmids in thermophilic bacilli

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Hoshino ◽  
Takayuki Ikeda ◽  
Hiroyuki Narushima ◽  
Noboru Tomizuka
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Kanamycin Resistance ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Thermophilic Bacilli ◽  
Resistance Plasmids ◽  
Endonuclease Analysis

Four antibiotic-resistance plasmids isolated from thermophilic bacilli were characterized in detail. Three tetracycline-resistance (Tcr) plasmids were designated as pTHT9 (7.7 kilobases (kb)), pTHT15 (4.5 kb) and pTHT22 (8.4 kb). From the results of restriction endonuclease analysis and the subsequent Southern hybridization, these were found to possess extensive genetic homology in the regions that include the replication origin and the Tcr gene. Detailed restriction maps of the smallest Tcr plasmid pTHT15 and a kanamycin-resistance (Kmr) plasmid pTHN1 (4.8 kb) were constructed. The positions of antibiotic-resistance loci and regions essential for plasmid replication were determined by cloning plasmid fragments in Bacillus subtilis. These four plasmids were found to replicate and express the resistance genes stably in both B. subtilis and B. stearothermophilus.

scholarly journals Interspecific co-transfer of antibiotic resistance plasmids in staphylococciin vivo

1984 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Resistance Plasmids ◽  
Gentamicin Resistance ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci ◽  
Human And Mouse

SUMMARYThe co-transfer of plasmid-borne genes governing resistance to gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin and chloramphenicol has been demonstrated on human and mouse skin. Two different gentamicin resistance plasmids have been studied in detail; both appear to have the ability to mobilizein vivootherwise non-transferable resistance plasmids from coagulase-negative to coagulase-positive staphylococci. This emphasises the role of the skin in maintaining a pool of resistance genes available to pathogenic staphylococci.

scholarly journals Ecology of Antibiotic Resistance Genes: Characterization of Enterococci from Houseflies Collected in Food Settings

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 4028-4035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia Macovei ◽  
Ludek Zurek
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Aggregation Substance ◽  
Surface Protein Gene

ABSTRACT In this project, enterococci from the digestive tracts of 260 houseflies (Musca domestica L.) collected from five restaurants were characterized. Houseflies frequently (97% of the flies were positive) carried enterococci (mean, 3.1 � 103 CFU/fly). Using multiplex PCR, 205 of 355 randomly selected enterococcal isolates were identified and characterized. The majority of these isolates were Enterococcus faecalis (88.2%); in addition, 6.8% were E. faecium, and 4.9% were E. casseliflavus. E. faecalis isolates were phenotypically resistant to tetracycline (66.3%), erythromycin (23.8%), streptomycin (11.6%), ciprofloxacin (9.9%), and kanamycin (8.3%). Tetracycline resistance in E. faecalis was encoded by tet(M) (65.8%), tet(O) (1.7%), and tet(W) (0.8%). The majority (78.3%) of the erythromycin-resistant E. faecalis isolates carried erm(B). The conjugative transposon Tn916 and members of the Tn916/Tn1545 family were detected in 30.2% and 34.6% of the identified isolates, respectively. E. faecalis carried virulence genes, including a gelatinase gene (gelE; 70.7%), an aggregation substance gene (asa1; 33.2%), an enterococcus surface protein gene (esp; 8.8%), and a cytolysin gene (cylA; 8.8%). Phenotypic assays showed that 91.4% of the isolates with the gelE gene were gelatinolytic and that 46.7% of the isolates with the asa1 gene aggregated. All isolates with the cylA gene were hemolytic on human blood. This study showed that houseflies in food-handling and -serving facilities carry antibiotic-resistant and potentially virulent enterococci that have the capacity for horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes to other bacteria.

scholarly journals Characterization of Erythromycin and Tetracycline Resistance in Lactobacillus fermentum Strains

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Anisimova ◽  
Dina Yarullina
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Determinants

Lactobacillus fermentum colonizing gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts of humans and animals is widely used in manufacturing of fermented products and as probiotics. These bacteria may function as vehicles of antibiotic resistance genes, which can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, monitoring and control of transmissible antibiotic resistance determinants in these microorganisms is necessary to approve their safety status. The aim of this study was to characterize erythromycin and tetracycline resistance of L. fermentum isolates and to estimate the potential transfer of resistance genes from lactobacilli to the other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Among six L. fermentum strains isolated from human feces and commercial dairy products, five strains demonstrated phenotypic resistance to tetracycline. PCR screening for antibiotic resistance determinants revealed plasmid-located tetracycline resistance genes tet(K) and tet(M) in all strains and erythromycin resistance genes erm(B) in the chromosome of L. fermentum 5-1 and erm(C) in the plasmid of L. fermentum 3-4. All tested lactobacilli lacked conjugative transposon Tn916 and were not able to transfer tetracycline resistance genes to Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter freundii, and Escherichia coli by filter mating. Staphylococcus haemolyticus did not accept erythromycin resistance genes from corresponding Lactobacillus strains. Thus, in the present study, L. fermentum was not implicated in the spread of erythromycin and tetracycline resistance, but still these strains pose the threat to the environment and human health because they harbored erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes in their plasmids and therefore should not be used in foods and probiotics.

scholarly journals Early Inoculation of Microbial Suspension in Suckling Piglets Affects the Transmission of Maternal Microbiota and the Associated Antibiotic Resistance Genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1576
Author(s):  
Caroline S. Achard ◽  
Veronique Dupouy ◽  
Laurent Cauquil ◽  
Nathalie Arpaillange ◽  
Alain Bousquet-Melou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Gene ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
16S Rna

Antibiotic resistance of microbes thriving in the animal gut is a growing concern for public health as it may serve as a hidden reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). We compared 16 control piglets to 24 piglets fed for 3 weeks with S1 or S2 fecal suspensions from two sows that were not exposed to antibiotics for at least 6 months: the first suspension decreased the erythromycin resistance gene ermB and the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene conferring resistance to kanamycine (aphA3), while the second decreased the tetracycline resistance gene tetL, with an unexpected increase in ARGs. Using 16S RNA sequencing, we identified microbial species that are likely to carry ARGs, such as the lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase lnuB, the cephalosporinase cepA, and the tetracycline resistance genes tetG and tetM, as well as microbes that never co-exist with the tetracycline resistance gene tetQ, the erythromycin resistance gene ermG and aphA3. Since 73% of the microbes detected in the sows were not detected in the piglets at weaning, a neutral model was applied to estimate whether a microbial species is more important than chance would predict. This model confirmed that force-feeding modifies the dynamics of gut colonization. In conclusion, early inoculation of gut microbes is an interesting possibility to stimulate gut microbiota towards a desirable state in pig production, but more work is needed to be able to predict which communities should be used.

scholarly journals In Silico Virulence and Resistance Profile Analysis of Staphylococcus species

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Nusrat Nahar ◽  
Ridwan Bin Rashid ◽  
ANM Hamidul Kabir ◽  
Mohammad Sharifur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

In silico studies of the genes of Staphylococcus spp. might establish some correlations with multiple pathological factors. Sixty isolates of Staphylococcus spp. have been studied here targeting virulence and antibiotic resistance genes through in silico tools. Here, in silico PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification detected both virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Study revealed that most of the isolates harboured either cap5 (40%) or cap8 (31.67%) locus gene. Staphylococcal enterotoxin was detected in 63.33% of the isolates. The sea gene, responsible for food poisoning, was detected in 26.67% of the isolates. The tst positive isolates (5%), responsible for toxic shock syndrome, were present in only genotype 8. No exfoliative toxin was detected. The icaA gene, responsible for intracellular adherence, appeared in 80% of the isolates. Alpha hemolysin gene, hla, was detected in 63.33% of the isolates. Sixty-five percent of the isolates harboured the mecA genes. Both ?-lactamase (blaZ) and erythromycin resistance, ermA genes were available in 38.33% of the isolates. In silico pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) digestion was able to divide isolates into 23 genotypes. Genotype 8 and 11 harboured tetracycline resistance genes, tetM and tetK. The tetM gene (18.33%) was more prevalent than tetK gene (11.67%). Genotype 1 and 11 were considered more virulent than others. Genotype 11 also carried six antibiotic resistance genes but did not carry the genes msrA, msrB, ermB and ermC. The data generated here might aid in the prediction of the virulence and resistance profile based on genotyping as well as contribute in vaccine development.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(1): 71-84, 2017

scholarly journals Comparing gut resistome composition among patients with acute Campylobacter infections and healthy family members

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe A. Hansen ◽  
Wonhee Cha ◽  
Brian Nohomovich ◽  
Duane W. Newton ◽  
Paul Lephart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Healthy Family ◽  
Foodborne Infections

AbstractCampylobacter commonly causes foodborne infections and antibiotic resistance is an imminent concern. It is not clear, however, if the human gut ‘resistome’ is affected by Campylobacter during infection. Application of shotgun metagenomics on stools from 26 cases with Campylobacter infections and 44 healthy family members (controls) identified 406 unique antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) representing 153 genes/operons, 40 mechanisms, and 18 classes. Cases had greater ARG richness (p < 0.0001) and Shannon diversity (p < 0.0001) than controls with distinct compositions (p = 0.000999; PERMANOVA). Cases were defined by multidrug resistance genes and were dominated by Proteobacteria (40.8%), specifically those representing Escherichia (20.9%). Tetracycline resistance genes were most abundant in controls, which were dominated by Bacteroidetes (45.3%) and Firmicutes (44.4%). Hierarchical clustering of cases identified three clusters with distinct resistomes. Case clusters 1 and 3 differed from controls containing more urban and hospitalized patients. Relative to family members of the same household, ARG composition among matched cases was mostly distinct, though some familial controls had similar profiles that could be explained by a shorter time since exposure to the case. Together, these data indicate that Campylobacter infection is associated with an altered resistome composition and increased ARG diversity, raising concerns about the role of infection in the spread of resistance determinants.

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