scholarly journals The Abscopal Effect: A Review of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Advances

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11061
Author(s):  
James R. Janopaul-Naylor ◽  
Yang Shen ◽  
David C. Qian ◽  
Zachary S. Buchwald
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Abscopal Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Goal ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Clinical Advances

Radiotherapy has been used for more than a hundred years to cure or locally control tumors. Regression of tumors outside of the irradiated field was occasionally observed and is known as the abscopal effect. However, the occurrence of systemic anti-tumor effects was deemed too rare and unpredictable to be a therapeutic goal. Recent studies suggest that immunotherapy and radiation in combination may enhance the abscopal response. Increasing numbers of cases are being reported since the routine implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors, showing that combined radiotherapy with immunotherapy has a synergistic effect on both local and distant (i.e., unirradiated) tumors. In this review, we summarize pre-clinical and clinical reports, with a specific focus on the mechanisms behind the immunostimulatory effects of radiation and how this is enhanced by immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Possible abscopal effect in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudai Ishiyama ◽  
Toshio Takagi ◽  
Kazuhiko Yoshida ◽  
Junpei Iizuka ◽  
Yoichi Kakuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Abscopal Effect

scholarly journals Strategies to Improve Cancer Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Efficacy, Other Than Abscopal Effect: A Systematic Review

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Longo ◽  
Oronzo Brunetti ◽  
Amalia Azzariti ◽  
Domenico Galetta ◽  
Patrizia Nardulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Abscopal Effect ◽  
Tumor Mutational Burden ◽  
The Impact

Despite that the impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors on malignancies treatment is unprecedented, a lack of response to these molecules is observed in several cases. Differently from melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer, where the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors results in a high efficacy, the response rate in other tumors, such as gastrointestinal cancers, breast cancer, sarcomas, and part of genitourinary cancers remains low. The first strategy evaluated to improve the response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors is the use of predictive factors for the response such as PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden, and clinical features. In addition to the identification of the patients with a higher expression of immune checkpoint molecules, another approach currently under intensive investigation is the use of therapeutics in a combinatory manner with immune checkpoint inhibitors in order to obtain an enhancement of efficacy through the modification of the tumor immune microenvironment. In addition to the abscopal effect induced by radiotherapy, a lot of studies are evaluating several drugs able to improve the response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors, including microbiota modifiers, drugs targeting co-inhibitory receptors, anti-angiogenic therapeutics, small molecules, and oncolytic viruses. In view of the rapid and extensive development of this research field, we conducted a systematic review of the literature identifying which of these drugs are closer to achieving validation in the clinical practice.

scholarly journals Strategies to Improve Cancer Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Efficacy, other than Abscopal Effect: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Longo ◽  
oronzo Brunetti ◽  
Amalia Azzariti ◽  
Domenico Galetta ◽  
Patrizia Nardulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Abscopal Effect ◽  
Improve Response Rate ◽  
The Impact

Despite the impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors on malignancies treatment is unprecedented, a lack of response to these molecules is observed in several cases. Differently from melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer, where the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors results in a high efficacy, the response rate in other tumors, such as gastrointestinal cancers, breast cancer, sarcomas, and part of genitor-urinary cancers remains low. The first strategy evaluated to improve the response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors is the use of predictive factors for the response as PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden, and clinical features. In addition to the identification of the patients with a high sensibility to immune checkpoint inhibitors, another approach currently under intensive investigation is the use of therapeutics in a combinatory manner with immune checkpoint inhibitors to obtain an enhancement of efficacy through the modification of the tumor immune microenvironment. In addition to the abscopal effect induced by radiotherapy, a lot of studies are evaluating several drugs able to improve response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors, including microbiota modifiers, drugs targeting co-inhibitors receptors, anti-angiogenic therapeutics, small molecules, and oncolytic viruses. In view of the rapid and extensive development of this research field, we conducted a systematic review of the literature identifying which of these drugs are closer to achieving validation in the clinical practice.

scholarly journals Abscopal effect of radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yinping Dong ◽  
Li Kong ◽  
Fang Shi ◽  
Hui Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Abscopal Effect

MO-FG-BRA-04: Leveraging the Abscopal Effect Via New Design Radiotherapy Biomaterials Loaded with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (6Part29) ◽  
pp. 3565-3565
Author(s):  
Y Hao ◽  
G Cifter ◽  
Y Altundal ◽  
N Sinha ◽  
M Moreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Abscopal Effect

Abstract #827: Panhypopituitarism Due to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn Steffensmeier ◽  
Bahar Cheema ◽  
Ankur Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors
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