scholarly journals Calcium Signaling in the Cerebellar Radial Glia and Its Association with Morphological Changes during Zebrafish Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13509
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Pereida-Jaramillo ◽  
Gabriela B. Gómez-González ◽  
Angeles Edith Espino-Saldaña ◽  
Ataúlfo Martínez-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Signaling ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Calcium Waves ◽  
Calcium Activity ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glial

Radial glial cells are a distinct non-neuronal cell type that, during development, span the entire width of the brain walls of the ventricular system. They play a central role in the origin and placement of neurons, since their processes form structural scaffolds that guide and facilitate neuronal migration. Furthermore, glutamatergic signaling in the radial glia of the adult cerebellum (i.e., Bergmann glia), is crucial for precise motor coordination. Radial glial cells exhibit spontaneous calcium activity and functional coupling spread calcium waves. However, the origin of calcium activity in relation to the ontogeny of cerebellar radial glia has not been widely explored, and many questions remain unanswered regarding the role of radial glia in brain development in health and disease. In this study we used a combination of whole mount immunofluorescence and calcium imaging in transgenic (gfap-GCaMP6s) zebrafish to determine how development of calcium activity is related to morphological changes of the cerebellum. We found that the morphological changes in cerebellar radial glia are quite dynamic; the cells are remarkably larger and more elaborate in their soma size, process length and numbers after 7 days post fertilization. Spontaneous calcium events were scarce during the first 3 days of development and calcium waves appeared on day 5, which is associated with the onset of more complex morphologies of radial glia. Blockage of gap junction coupling inhibited the propagation of calcium waves, but not basal local calcium activity. This work establishes crucial clues in radial glia organization, morphology and calcium signaling during development and provides insight into its role in complex behavioral paradigms.

scholarly journals Early evolution of radial glial cells in Bilateria

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1859) ◽  
pp. 20170743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad Helm ◽  
Anett Karl ◽  
Patrick Beckers ◽  
Sabrina Kaul-Strehlow ◽  
Elke Ulbricht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Radial Glial

Bilaterians usually possess a central nervous system, composed of neurons and supportive cells called glial cells. Whereas neuronal cells are highly comparable in all these animals, glial cells apparently differ, and in deuterostomes, radial glial cells are found. These particular secretory glial cells may represent the archetype of all (macro) glial cells and have not been reported from protostomes so far. This has caused controversial discussions of whether glial cells represent a homologous bilaterian characteristic or whether they (and thus, centralized nervous systems) evolved convergently in the two main clades of bilaterians. By using histology, transmission electron microscopy, immunolabelling and whole-mount in situ hybridization, we show here that protostomes also possess radial glia-like cells, which are very likely to be homologous to those of deuterostomes. Moreover, our antibody staining indicates that the secretory character of radial glial cells is maintained throughout their various evolutionary adaptations. This implies an early evolution of radial glial cells in the last common ancestor of Protostomia and Deuterostomia. Furthermore, it suggests that an intraepidermal nervous system—composed of sensory cells, neurons and radial glial cells—was probably the plesiomorphic condition in the bilaterian ancestor.

scholarly journals Nestin down-regulation of cortical radial glia is delayed in rats submitted to recurrent status epilepticus during early postnatal life

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (3a) ◽  
pp. 684-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Alessandra Scorza ◽  
Ricardo Mario Arida ◽  
Fulvio Alexandre Scorza ◽  
Esper Abrão Cavalheiro ◽  
Maria da Graça Naffah-Mazzacoratti
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Nestin Expression ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glial ◽  
Early Postnatal Life

OBJECTIVE: Nestin is temporarily expressed in several tissues during development and it is replaced by other protein types during cell differentiation process. This unique property allows distinguishing between undifferentiated and differentiated cells. This study was delineated to analyze the temporal pattern of nestin expression in cortical radial glial cells of rats during normal development and of rats submitted to recurrent status epilepticus (SE) in early postnatal life (P). METHOD: Experimental rats were submitted to pilocarpine-induced SE on P7-9. The cortical temporal profile of nestin was studied by immunohistochemistry at multiple time points (P9, P10, P12, P16, P30 and P90). RESULTS: We observed delayed nestin down-regulation in experimental rats of P9, P10, P12 and P16 groups. In addition, few radial glial cells were still present only in P21 experimental rats. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that SE during early postnatal life alters normal maturation during a critical period of brain development.

scholarly journals The Complex Simplicity of the Brittle Star Nervous System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Zueva ◽  
Maleana Khoury ◽  
Thomas Heinzeller ◽  
Daria Mashanova ◽  
Vladimir Mashanov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Neuronal Markers ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Radial Glial

AbstractBrittle stars (Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata) have been increasingly used in studies of animal behavior, locomotion, regeneration, physiology, and bioluminescence. The success of these studies directly depends on good working knowledge of ophiuroid nervous system. Here, we describe the arm nervous system at different levels of organization: microanatomy of the radial nerve cord and peripheral nerves, neural ultrastructure, and localization of different cell types using specific antibody markers. We standardize the nomenclature of nerves and ganglia and provide an anatomically accurate digital 3D model of the arm nervous system as a reference for future studies. Our results helped identify several general features characteristic to the adult echinoderm nervous system, including the extensive anatomical interconnections between the ectoneural and hyponeural components and neuroepithelial organization of the central nervous system with its supporting scaffold formed by radial glial cells. In addition, we provide further support to the notion that the echinoderm radial glia is a complex and diverse cell population. We also tested the suitability of a range of specific cell-type markers for studies of the brittle star nervous system and established that the radial glial cells are reliably labeled by the ERG1 antibodies, whereas the best neuronal markers are acetylated tubulin, ELAV and synaptotagmin B. The transcription factor Brn1/2/4, a marker of neuronal progenitors, is expressed not only in neurons, but also in a subpopulation of radial glia. For the first time, we describe putative ophiuroid proprioceptors associated with the hyponeural part of the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Calcium Waves Propagate through Radial Glial Cells and Modulate Proliferation in the Developing Neocortex

Neuron ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamily A. Weissman ◽  
Patricio A. Riquelme ◽  
Lidija Ivic ◽  
Alexander C. Flint ◽  
Arnold R. Kriegstein
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Calcium Waves ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Developing Neocortex ◽  
Radial Glial

scholarly journals Transcriptional priming as a conserved mechanism of lineage diversification in the developing mouse and human neocortex

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (45) ◽  
pp. eabd2068
Author(s):  
Zhen Li ◽  
William A. Tyler ◽  
Ella Zeldich ◽  
Gabriel Santpere Baró ◽  
Mayumi Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Human Neocortex ◽  
Intermediate Progenitors ◽  
Cell Diversity ◽  
Radial Glial ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Lineage Diversification

How the rich variety of neurons in the nervous system arises from neural stem cells is not well understood. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing and in vivo confirmation, we uncover previously unrecognized neural stem and progenitor cell diversity within the fetal mouse and human neocortex, including multiple types of radial glia and intermediate progenitors. We also observed that transcriptional priming underlies the diversification of a subset of ventricular radial glial cells in both species; genetic fate mapping confirms that the primed radial glial cells generate specific types of basal progenitors and neurons. The different precursor lineages therefore diversify streams of cell production in the developing murine and human neocortex. These data show that transcriptional priming is likely a conserved mechanism of mammalian neural precursor lineage specialization.

Morphological changes of radial glial cells during mouse embryonic development

2015 ◽  
Vol 1599 ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Lu ◽  
Minghui Duan ◽  
Lingzhen Song ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xinde Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glial

scholarly journals Crucial Roles of the Arp2/3 Complex during Mammalian Corticogenesis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Shan Wang ◽  
Fu-Sheng Chou ◽  
Fengli Guo ◽  
Praveen Suraneni ◽  
Sheng Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Neuronal Migration ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Radial Glial ◽  
Altered Cell ◽  
Actin Nucleator

The polarity and organization of radial glial cells (RGCs), which serve as both stem cells and scaffolds for neuronal migration, are crucial for cortical development. However, the cytoskeletal mechanisms that drive radial glial outgrowth and maintain RGC polarity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the Arp2/3 complex, the unique actin nucleator that produces branched actin networks, plays essential roles in RGC polarity and morphogenesis. Disruption of the Arp2/3 complex in RGCs retards process outgrowth toward the basal surface and impairs apical polarity and adherens junctions. Whereas the former is correlated with abnormal actin-based leading edge, the latter is consistent with blockage in membrane trafficking. These defects result in altered cell fate, disrupted cortical lamination and abnormal angiogenesis. In addition, we present evidence that the Arp2/3 complex is a cell-autonomous regulator of neuronal migration. Our data suggest that Arp2/3-mediated actin assembly may be particularly important for neuronal cell motility in soft or poorly adhesive matrix environment.

Topical Review: Neuronal Migration in Cortical Development

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-279
Author(s):  
Shigeaki Kanatani ◽  
Hidenori Tabata ◽  
Kazunori Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Migration ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Radial Glial ◽  
Time Lapse Imaging ◽  
Mitotic Behavior

Cortical formation in the developing brain is a highly complicated process involving neuronal production (through symmetric or asymmetric cell division) interaction of radial glia with neuronal migration, and multiple modes of neuronal migration. It has been convincingly demonstrated by numerous studies that radial glial cells are neural stem cells. However, the processes by which neurons arise from radial glia and migrate to their final destinations in vivo are not yet fully understood. Recent studies using time-lapse imaging of neuronal migration are giving investigators an increasingly more detailed understanding of the mitotic behavior of radial glia and the migrating behavior of their daughter cells. In this review, we describe recent progress in elucidating neuronal migration in brain formation and how neuronal migration is disturbed by mutations in genes that control this process. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:274—279).

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