scholarly journals Human Glucose Transporters in Renal Glucose Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13522
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Sędzikowska ◽  
Leszek Szablewski
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Glucose Transporters ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Renal Physiology ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Pass Through

The kidney plays an important role in glucose homeostasis by releasing glucose into the blood stream to prevent hypoglycemia. It is also responsible for the filtration and subsequent reabsorption or excretion of glucose. As glucose is hydrophilic and soluble in water, it is unable to pass through the lipid bilayer on its own; therefore, transport takes place using carrier proteins localized to the plasma membrane. Both sodium-independent glucose transporters (GLUT proteins) and sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLT proteins) are expressed in kidney tissue, and mutations of the genes coding for these glucose transporters lead to renal disorders and diseases, including renal cancers. In addition, several diseases may disturb the expression and/or function of renal glucose transporters. The aim of this review is to describe the role of the kidney in glucose homeostasis and the contribution of glucose transporters in renal physiology and renal diseases.

scholarly journals Associations of sex hormones with components of insulin-glucose homeostasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Oksana V Tsygankova ◽  
Artur R Badin ◽  
Zoya G Bondareva ◽  
Natalya G Lozhkina ◽  
Dmitrii Y Platonov
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Glucose Transporters ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Males And Females

In this literature review, an attempt is made to analyze the interrelationships of the main sex hormones with the processes of development and progression of insulin resistance as a fundamental pathogenetic component of insulin-glucose homeostasis. In the evaluation of sex steroids, a complex approach was used - the associations of both androgens and estrogens in males and females are described in detail, a great deal of attention is paid to the violation of the secretion and effectiveness of the main adipocytokines - leptin and adiponectin in the sex hormone-insulin-glucose interaction chain. At the end of the review, new data on the expression of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT) and glucose transporters (GLUT) in animals, depending on sex, are presented.

Emerging Role of Circular RNAs in Kidney Diseases in Nephrology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Ma ◽  
Junjun Luan ◽  
Jeffrey B. Kopp ◽  
Hua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Systemic Lupus

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified to be involved in a variety of human diseases such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune diseases. In recent years, the role of circRNAs in the development of kidney diseases in nephrology has been gradually recognized. Objective: We updated and described the current status of circRNAs in kidney diseases in nephrology. We particularly focused on the roles and mechanisms of circRNAs in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. Methods: We summarized recent reports published on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo databases using key words circRNAs, kidney diseases or renal diseases, or systemic lupus erythematosus. Results: Studies of circRNAs in certain kidney diseases such as acute kidney injury, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, idiopathic membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive renal damage and particular lupus nephritis address the function and pathogenesis of circRNAs in these diseases. Mechanisms of circRNAs in the above human kidney diseases so far have focused on the role of sponging microRNAs and regulating the expression of target genes. Moreover, circRNAs have been detected in blood, urine, and kidney tissue samples. These results suggest that circRNAs can serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring the progression of kidney diseases. Conclusion: CircRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of kidney diseases emphasizing lupus nephritis in nephrology.

scholarly journals Associations of sex hormones with components of insulin-glucose homeostasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Oksana V. Tsygankova ◽  
Artur R. Badin ◽  
Zoya G. Bondareva ◽  
Natalya G. Lozhkina ◽  
Dmitrii Y. Platonov
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Glucose Transporters ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Males And Females

In this literature review, an attempt is made to analyze the interrelationships of the main sex hormones with the processes of development and progression of insulin resistance as a fundamental pathogenetic component of insulin-glucose homeostasis. In the evaluation of sex steroids, a complex approach was used - the associations of both androgens and estrogens in males and females are described in detail, a great deal of attention is paid to the violation of the secretion and effectiveness of the main adipocytokines - leptin and adiponectin in the sex hormone-insulin-glucose interaction chain. At the end of the review, new data on the expression of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT) and glucose transporters (GLUT) in animals, depending on sex, are presented.

Role of Glucose Transporters in Drug Membrane Transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 947-958
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Kunkun Guo ◽  
Baolin Huang ◽  
Zimin Lin ◽  
Zheng Cai
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Glucose Transporters ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Natural Drugs

Background: Glucose is the main energy component of cellular activities. However, as a polar molecule, glucose cannot freely pass through the phospholipid bilayer structure of the cell membrane. Thus, glucose must rely on specific transporters in the membrane. Drugs with a similar chemical structure to glucose may also be transported through this pathway. Methods: This review describes the structure, distribution, action mechanism and influencing factors of glucose transporters and introduces the natural drugs mediated by these transporters and drug design strategies on the basis of this pathway. Results: The glucose transporters involved in glucose transport are of two major types, namely, Na+-dependent and Na+-independent transporters. Glucose transporters can help some glycoside drugs cross the biological membrane. The transmembrane potential is influenced by the chemical structure of drugs. Glucose can be used to modify drugs and improve their ability to cross biological barriers. Conclusion: The membrane transport mechanism of some glycoside drugs may be related to glucose transporters. Glucose modification may improve the oral bioavailability of drugs or achieve targeted drug delivery.

scholarly journals P0415MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY-RELATED RENAL DISEASES: NEW CLINICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL PATTERNS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Schiavone ◽  
Marisa Santostefano ◽  
Benedetta Fabbrizio ◽  
Elena Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Type I ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Ckd Stage

Abstract Background and Aims In the last few years new clinical-histopathological forms of paraproteinemia associated kidney disease have emerged: light chain proximal tubulopathies, proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (PGNMID) and C3-glomerulopathy. It is now widely recognized that the pathogenic role of the monoclonal protein depends on the free light chain chemical-physical features, even in the case of “dangerous small B cell clones”. Thus MGRS (monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance) associated disease is now considered a different entity from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Method We retrospectively evaluated the clinical-histopathological features of the biopsies performed in our Nephrological Unit on patients with MGUS in 2008-2018, in order to re-classify them in accordance with the recent scientific literature. Results Nine patients (7 M/2 F; age 46-77 y) were analyzed: five of them suffering from CKD stage 2, four of them with AKI or rapidly progressive CKD, 7 with proteinuria > 1 g/day, 2 with physiological proteinuria. Bone marrow biopsy: 7 patients with MGUS, 2 with smoldering multiple myeloma. Renal biopsy: 4 glomerulopathies (monoclonal fibrillary glomerulonephritis, cryoglobulinaemic (type I) glomerulonephritis, C3 glomerulonephritis, PGNMID), 5 proximal tubulopathies (2 LCPT with Fanconi syndrome, 1 LCPT without cytoplasmic inclusions and with interstitial inflammatory reaction, 2 LCPT with acute tubular necrosis) Table 1, Table 2, Light microscopy and IF of PGNMID. Conclusion MGRS is responsible for the pathogenesis of new histopathological renal lesions, based on new pathogenetic pathways. The clinical and histological features of the different disease states are dependent on the structure of FLCs. Our retrospective analysis of MGRS biopsies confirms how difficult and complex the diagnostic challenge of monoclonal renal injury really is. The differentiation between MGUS and MGRS is based on renal biopsy and demonstration of monoclonality on kidney tissue even if serum/urine immunofixation is negative. Early biomarkers of the pathogenetic role of monoclonal FLC should be identified both for diagnosis and therapeutical monitoring.

The Role of Cannabinoid Receptors in Renal Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 793-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Francois ◽  
Lola Lecru
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Renal Diseases

The role of microRNA-33 as a key regulator in hepatic lipogenesis signaling and a potential serological biomarker for NAFLD with excessive dietary fructose consumption in C57BL/6N mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Hoon Pan ◽  
Hanvit Cha ◽  
Jingsi Tang ◽  
Seoyoon Lee ◽  
Suk Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Hepatic Lipogenesis ◽  
Dietary Fructose

Fructose-induced hepatic miR-33 suppression lead to fatty liver via upregulation of SREBP1. Additionally, fructose-induced hepatic ferroptosis may cause a spill-over of miR-33 into blood stream, which could be a potential serological biomarker for fructose-induced NAFLD.

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