scholarly journals Temperature-Dependent Enhancement Effects for TBD (1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene) with 2-Methylimidazole-Intercalated α-Zirconium Phosphate as a Latent Thermal Initiator in the Reaction of Glycidyl Phenyl Ether

Inorganics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Shimomura ◽  
Suguru Sasaki ◽  
Kaori Kume ◽  
Atsushi Ohtaka ◽  
Ryôki Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Zirconium Phosphate ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Phenyl Ether ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Catalytic Effects

The catalytic effects of 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylguanidine (TMG), 1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD), 7-Methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (MTBD), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), and 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN) in the reaction with glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) at 40 °C were investigated. For the reaction, the %conversion of GPE was only 11%, carried out at 40 °C over 14 days in the presence of TBD.Additionally, there was little catalytic activity for the same reaction performed under typical storage conditions at 25 °C. The effect of TBD with 2-methylimidazole-intercalated α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP∙2MIm), as a latent thermal initiating system in the reaction with GPE, was then examined. The reaction did not proceed within 1 h at 80 °C. On increasing the temperature to 120 °C, the %conversion reached 75% for reaction at 1 h. Under typical storage conditions (7 days at 25 °C), the %conversion of GPE was only 7%. With addition of TBD to α-ZrP∙2MIm, reagent stability was maintained, and the polymerization reaction proceeded rapidly with the application of heat.

Effect of the ionizing radiation on the catalytic activity of the BASF K-3-10 catalyst in the low-temperature conversion of carbon monoxide by water vapour. Stability of the radiation catalytic effects

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1571-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alois Motl
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Beta Radiation ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Catalytic Effects

The radiation catalytic properties of the BASF K-3-10 catalyst were studied, namely the dependence of these effects on the time interval between the catalyst irradiation and the reaction itself and also on the length of the catalyst use. The catalytic effects decrease exponentially with the interval between the irradiation and the reaction if the catalyst is kept in the presence of air. The stability of effects induced by various types of radiations increases in the sequence beta radiation - gamma radiation - fast neutrons. The radiation catalytic effect stability in the reaction increases in the same sequence.

Migration and Settling of Particulates in Filled Epoxies

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Mondy ◽  
Rekha Rao ◽  
Eric Lindgren ◽  
Amy Sun ◽  
Robert Lagasse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Particle Migration ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Filled Polymers ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Manufacturing Applications ◽  
Microscopy Data ◽  
Suspension Model ◽  
Epoxy Systems

Manufacturing applications for filled polymers include encapsulation of microelectronics and injection molding of composite parts. Predictive tools for simulating these manufacturing processes require knowledge of time- and temperature-dependent rheology of the polymer as well as information about local particle concentration. The overall system rheology is highly dependent on the particle concentration. The local particle concentration can change due to gravity, convection and shear-induced migration. For the epoxy systems of interest, an extent of reaction can be used to track the degree of cure. We couple the curing model with a diffusive flux suspension model [Zhang and Acrivos 1994] to determine the particle migration. This results in a generalized Newtonian model that has viscosity as a function of temperature, cure and concentration. Using this model, we examine settling of the particulate phase in both flowing and quiescent curing systems. We focus on settling in molds and flow in wide-gap counter-rotating cylinders. The heat transfer, including the exothermic polymerization reaction, must be modeled to achieve accurate results. The model is validated with temperature measurements and post-test microscopy data. Particle concentration is determined with x-ray microfocus visualization or confocal microscopy. Agreement between the simulations and experimental results is fair.

Protein immobilisation onto zirconium phosphate with the enhancement of the adsorption amount and catalytic activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 101310
Author(s):  
Suzuka Kojima ◽  
Sungho Lee ◽  
Fukue Nagata ◽  
Shinichi Kugimiya ◽  
Katsuya Kato
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Zirconium Phosphate ◽  
Protein Immobilisation ◽  
Adsorption Amount

Effects of Zn on Steam Gasification Characteristics of Shenhua Lignite Char

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 252-256
Author(s):  
Wipawan Sangsanga ◽  
Jin Xiao Dou ◽  
Zhe Lei Tong ◽  
Jiang Long Yu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Lignite Char ◽  
Catalytic Effects

The catalytic effects of Zn on the yield of the gaseous products during steam gasification of lignite char were investigated by using a fixed-bed reactor. The gas composition was measured using a gas chromatography (GC). The experimental results show that Zn has catalytic effects on steam gasification and increased the yield of H2. There was an optimum content of Zn implanted into the coal above which zinc does not show further catalytic activity.

A PEG1000-DAIL[CdCl3]–toluene temperature-dependent biphasic system that regulates homogeneously catalyzed C–O coupling of organic halides with phenols and alcohols under ligand-free conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lin Hu ◽  
Xiao Yun Ma ◽  
Ming Lu
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Biphasic System ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Convenient Procedure ◽  
Organic Halides ◽  
Ligand Free

An efficient, experimentally simple, and convenient procedure for the C–O coupling of organic halides with phenols and alcohols in a PEG1000-DAIL[CdCl3]–toluene temperature-dependent biphasic system has been developed. The product can be easily isolated by a simple decantation, and the catalytic system can be recycled and reused without loss of catalytic activity.

Über den Einfluß äußerer Magnetfelder auf die Aktivität ferromagnetischer Katalysatoren

1953 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 538-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Justi ◽  
G. Vieth
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Nickel Powder ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Catalytic Effects

J.A. Hedvall has discovered “internal” magneto-catalytic effects; the activity of ferromagnetic catalyst changes upon transgressing the Curie-interval. The present publication deals with finding an “external” magneto-catalytic effect consisting of the influence of external magnetic fields upon the activity of ferromagnetic catalysts. This can be shown quite clearly in capillaries of high purity ferromagnetic nickel by experiments applying the o-p-hydrogen conversion. In this reaction the conversion rises so steeply with relatively low field strengths that even the magnetic earth field should enhance the catalytic activity of nickel in compact form; a few hundred oersted may suffice for doubling the conversion and at some 1000 or 10.000 oersted a saturation value of the conversion is reached. The connection between catalytic activity and magnetism finds further support by a corresponding catalytic retentivity.From the theory of ferromagnetism, especially the studies of Néel, it is known that extremely small ferromagnetic particles of the order of magnitude of Blochs walls, i. e. some 10—4 mm, posses high permanent magnetism. This fact appears significant in this connection for the high catalytic activity of finely divided powder catalysts such as Raney catalysts. This permanent magnetism explains also the apparent lack of the external magneto-catalytic effect when using a nickel powder catalyst. The theoretical treatment of the results cannot yet give a definite explanation; before this can be given the experiments must be extended to ordinary chemical reactions. To this end the prerequisits for such experiments are being established.Independently thereof the experimental proof for the external catalytic effect serves to ascertain that the internal Hedvall effects are primarily correlated to the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states of matter.

SnO2 nanocrystal-decorated mesoporous ZSM-5 as a precious metal-free electrode catalyst for methanol oxidation

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1261-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangzhi Cui ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Zile Hua ◽  
Jingwei Feng ◽  
Ziwei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Methanol Oxidation ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Catalytic Effects

The synergetic catalytic effects between the mesoporous ZSM-5 matrix and the loaded SnO2 nanocrystals endow the precious metal-free electrode catalyst SnO2/m-ZSM-5 nanocomposite with high and stable catalytic activity for methanol oxidation.

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