scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Life History and Parasitization Behavior of Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Modesto del Pino ◽  
Juan Ramón Gallego ◽  
Estrella Hernández Suárez ◽  
Tomás Cabello
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Trichogramma Achaeae

Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is currently used as biological control agent for several lepidopteran pests. Knowledge of thermal requirements is essential to optimize its rearing procedures and inundative releases. The biological characteristics and two-sex life table parameters of T. achaeae were determined at five constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C) using Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs. T. achaeae was able to develop and survive from 15 °C to 30 °C, but not at 35 °C. Temperature significantly affected the preadult development time and adult longevity, decreasing when temperature increased from 15 °C to 30 °C. Temperature significantly altered the sex ratio, being female biased between 15 °C and 25 °C. Age-stage, two-sex life table analysis indicated that net reproductive rate (R0) was highest at 20 °C. Both the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) increased with increasing temperature, while the mean generation time (T) decreased significantly. In addition, functional response of T. achaeae was studied, being significantly affected by temperature and host egg density, displaying a Holling type-I at 15 °C and a Holling type-II at 25 °C. The relevance of these results is discussed for the use of T. achaeae as biological control agent.

Active and frozen host mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae) influence the mass production of the predatory mite Blattisocius mali (Acari: Blattisociidae): life table analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Pirayeshfar ◽  
Seyed Ali Safavi ◽  
Hamid Reza Sarraf-moayeri ◽  
Gerben J Messelink
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Tyrophagus Putrescentiae ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Blattisocius mali (Oudemans) is a candidate predatory mite on some astigmatid mite pests like Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank). In current study, life table parameters of B. mali were comparatively evaluated when fed on mixed life stages, frozen (one day at -20°C) and cold stored (90 days at -20°C and 4°C) eggs of T. putrescentiae. The highest and lowest values of fecundity, total longevity, oviposition period, life span and adult longevity of B. mali were observed when the predator provided with one-day and 90-days frozen eggs (stored at 4°C) of T. putrescentiae, respectively. Moreover, the highest values of net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) of B. mali were obtained by feeding on one-day frozen eggs (23.94 offspring/individual, 0.332 day-1, 1.39 day-1, respectively), without significant differences from the predators reared on alive mixed stages of T. putrescentiae. However, the lowest values of R0 (1.54 offspring/individual), r (0.058 day-1) and λ (1.06 day-1) were recorded when B. mali was reared on 90-days frozen eggs (stored at 4°C). The results, as first evidence of life-history of B. mali, represent not only the potential of the predator as suitable biological control agent against T. putrescentiae, but also the possibility of its mass production by frozen host stages. Provision of one-day frozen eggs of T. putrescentiae were the best choice for B. mali survival and reproduction with no harmful effects of living stages (direct damage, frass and exuviae) on crop.

scholarly journals Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table of the Menochilus sexmaculatus (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) Feeding on Different Aphid Species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Shah Zaib ◽  
Muhammad Zakria ◽  
Umm-e -Hani ◽  
Syed Muhammad Zaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractLadybird beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is biological control agent that predate the different aphid species. Both adults and larval stage of M. sexmaculatus feed on aphid species. In this experiment Life table and predation data were collected for M. sexmaculatus feed on four different aphid species Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae, Aphis nerii and Diuraphis noxia. This experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions at 25±2°C, 60±5% RH and L14: D10 h. Different numbers of aphid were provided as a pray in petri dish. The pre-adult development duration of M. sexmaculatus was maximum when fed on M. persicae (12.18 d) and minimum on D. noxia (10.64 d). Similarly, male and female duration was maximum on M. persicae (26.7 d), minimum on L. erysimi (23.67 d) in male and in female maximum on D. noxia (28.00 d), minimum on A. nerii (24.33 d). Net reproductive rate (Ro) range from 117.9 on L. erysimi to 99.55 on M. persicae and intrinsic rate of increase (r) range was 0.21197 d−1 on A. nerii to 0.021559 d−1 on D. noxia. The finite rate of increase (λ) range was 1.240592 d−1 on D. noxia to 1.204918 d−1 on M. persicae, the mean of generation (T) range was 24.68 d−1 on M. persicae to 22.476 d−1 on A. nerii, similarly, the gross reproductive rate (GRR) range was 172.2 d−1 on D. noxia to 115.02 d−1 on M. persicae and Fecundity (F) eggs per female range was 316.8 on D. noxia to 199.1 on M. persicae. In present Study, age-stage two-sex life table gives complete understanding of predator biological aspects against different aphid species. This study will help us to improve mass rearing and use of M. sexmaculatus in biological control of aphids.

Demography of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Reared on Brassica oleracea (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) and Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabales: Fabaceae) With Discussion on the Application of the Bootstrap Technique in Life Table Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2390-2398
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Yang ◽  
Lijuan Sun ◽  
Hsin Chi ◽  
Guodong Kang ◽  
Changying Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Bootstrap Technique ◽  
Thrips Palmi ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Abstract In order to contrast the fitness of Thrips palmi Karny reared on two of its hosts plants, Brassica oleracea L. leaves and Phaseolus vulgaris L. beans, life tables were constructed for T. palmi individuals reared on the two hostplants at 25°C using the age–stage, two-sex life table. The durations of the egg, first instar larva, pupa, and total immature stages of T. palmi reared on P. vulgaris were significantly longer than those reared on B. oleracea, whereas the adult preoviposition period, female adult longevity, and number of oviposition days of T. palmi reared on B. oleracea were significantly longer/greater than those on P. vulgaris. The fecundity (F) of T. palmi reared on B. oleracea (159.71 offspring/female) was significantly higher than in females reared on P. vulgaris (F = 122.98 offspring/female) despite the higher proportion of female adults that emerged on P. vulgaris. Although there were no significant differences in the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate (λ), net reproductive rate (R0), and mean generation time (T) between the two populations, computer projection showed that the T. palmi population will increase faster when reared on B. oleracea than on P. vulgaris. Our results demonstrate that population projection based on life table data is potentially an important tool in pest management. Furthermore, we used the bootstrap technique to demonstrate the variable effect that survival rate and fecundity at different ages can have on population parameters.

scholarly journals THE LIFE TABLE OF Spodoptera pectinicornis Hampson AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF WATER LETTUCE (Pistia stratiotes L.) WEED

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Lyswiana Aphrodyanti ◽  
Abdul Haris ◽  
Lidia Luisa Momongan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Water Lettuce ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Growth

The table of life can provide information on birth (natality), death (mortality) and the opportunity to breed, so it can be used as a parameter of the behavior of population development.The purpose of this study was to determine the calculation of life table of S. pectinicornis Hampson as biological control agent of water lettuce (P. stratiotes) weed.The table of life is done by observing survival ability, mortality and fecundity of S. pectinicornis of a cohort of 300 eggs by looking at all the stages from egg, larva, pupa, and imago, and fecundity of female imago per day. The research was conducted in a condition of unlimited food resources and environment free of natural enemies. Parameters observed were gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (Ro), average of generation time (T), intrinsic rate of growth (r), and limited rate of growth (λ). The research result of the life table calculation showed that GRR value was 350.29, the value of net reproductive rate (Ro) was 19.59 descendants, the average of generation time (T) was 29.47 days, the value of intrinsic rate of accretion (r) was 0.10 and the value of limited rate of accretion (λ) was 1.11.

scholarly journals Determination of fitness traits of Orius strigicollis Poppius (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) on Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) using two-sex life table analysis

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9594
Author(s):  
Shahzaib Ali ◽  
Qian Zhu ◽  
Waqar Jaleel ◽  
Shakeel Ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Asim Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pectinophora Gossypiella ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Orius Strigicollis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Feeding Potential

Background Pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) is a destructive insect pest of cotton crops in China and globally, which is actively predated on by Orius strigicollis. Studies on the fitness or survival of O. strigicollis fed on P. gossypiella at different temperatures have not been reported. The fitness of O. strigicollis may be well explained using two-sex life table parameters. Thus, the present study provides important insights for the effective biocontrol of P. gossypiella. Methodology Considering the importance of fitness parameters and biocontrol, the present study explores the feeding potential and age-stage, two-sex life table traits of O. strigicollis on P. gossypiella eggs at different temperatures (24, 28 and 32 °C) in the laboratory. Results The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was higher at 28 °C (0.14 d−1) than at 24 °C (0.0052 d−1) and 32 °C (0.12 d−1). Similarly, the net reproductive rate (R0) was higher at 28 °C (17.63 offspring) than at 24 °C (1.13 offspring) and 32 °C (10.23 offspring). This concluded that the maximum feeding potential and growth capacity of O. strigicollis could be attained at 28 °C when fed on P. gossypiella eggs. O. strigicollis adults preferred to feed on P. gossypiella eggs compared with first instar larvae. Based on these results, the present study suggests that O. strigicollis represents a promising biological control agent against P. gossypiella eggs in cotton fields.

scholarly journals Biology and life-table of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed with the Old World Date Mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Acarologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Samah Ben Chaaban ◽  
Brahim Chermiti ◽  
Serge Kreiter
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Old World ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean

The old world date mite Oligonychus afrasiaticus is an important spider mite pest of the date palms Phoenix dactylifera L. mostly in North Africa and the Middle East. A population of the predaceous mite Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas has been recently found in Tunisia in association with a decrease of O. afrasiaticus densities. The objective of this paper was to assess the development and reproduction abilities of T. ( A.) athenas on O. afrasiaticus under laboratory conditions at two temperatures: 27 and 32 °C. The results obtained show that females of T. (A.) athenas develop in 5 days at 27 °C and 4.1 days at 32 °C. The mean fecundity of T. (A.) athenas was 32.1 and 23.2 eggs per female at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. Life table parameters were stimated: the net reproductive rate (Ro) 27.9 and 17.9 eggs/female, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) 0.322 and 0,344 female/female/day and the mean generation time (T) 10.3 and 8.4 days at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. At both temperatures tested, T. (A.) athenas intrinsic rate of increase was greater than that of O. afrasiaticus (rm = 0.213 at 32 °C,against rm = 0.166 day1 at 27 °C). Typhlodromus (A.) athenas would be able to develop at a wide range of temperatures feeding on O. afrasiaticus and seems to be able to potentially control it.

First Life Table of Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Diptera: Muscidae) From Palearctic Region for Analyzing the Effect on Its Dispersal Ability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Ivorra ◽  
Borja García-Martínez ◽  
Anabel Martínez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Palearctic Region ◽  
The Mean

Abstract To better understand the population dynamics and dispersal ability of insect species, it is often helpful to derive a life table containing fundamental demographic data. The aim of this study was to determine a life table for the predatory necrophagous species Synthesiomyia nudiseta (van der Wulp, 1883) on a pig liver diet and under controlled laboratory conditions (29.5 ± 2. 5°C, RH 50 ± 15%, and a photoperiod of 12:12). This species has medical and veterinary importance and its distribution extends in tropical and subtropical areas and now it has been established in the southwestern of Europe. The mean adult longevity was 36. 18 ± 2. 06 d and the net reproduction rate, R, was 27.65 offspring/female, the mean generation time, T, was 22. 09 d, the finite rate of increase, λ, was 1. 16 d−1, and the intrinsic rate of increase, r, was 0. 15 d−1. These results indicate that S. nudiseta cannot be considered an r-strategist as the most common synanthropic necrophagous blowflies due to its predatory behavior; however, its invasive and colonist abilities are discussed. This is the first life table study of this species from Palearctic region to analyze the effect of its dispersal ability.

scholarly journals How Is Fitness of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Affected When Different Developmental Stages Are Exposed to Chlorfenapyr?

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Anna Skourti ◽  
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos ◽  
Nikos E. Papanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is an important pest of stored products. Insecticidal treatment is a common practice for the control of this notorious insect pest. Most studies are focused on the immediate and/or delayed mortality effects, while there are no data on the effects of insecticides on the population fitness. This study deals with the effect of chlorfenapyr on T. castaneum, investigating the cost of exposure of different developmental stages on population performance, by using life table statistics and a survival analysis method. For this purpose, eggs, larvae, and parental adult females of T. castaneum were exposed to chlorfenapyr and birth or death rates were calculated daily. The exposure of eggs and larvae to chlorfenapyr was detrimental for T. castaneum and they did not complete development. When parental females were exposed to chlorfenapyr, the progeny survival curve, biological features, as well as the life table parameters did not differ significantly compared to the control treatment. Thus, egg hatching, larval and pupal developmental periods, female and male longevities for the control treatment, and the progeny of the females that were exposed to chlorfenapyr were 4.66 and 4.76 days, 25.85 and 25.71 days, 5.00 and 5.26 days, 87.33 and 104.22 days, and 76.87 and 91.87 days, respectively. In addition, the mean values of the net reproductive rate, the intrinsic rate of increase, the mean generation time and the doubling time for the control treatment and the progeny of the parental females which were exposed to chlorfenapyr were 14.3 and 9.3 females/female, 0.038 and 0.028 females/female/day, 1.039 and 1.029, 70.0 and 76.9 days, and 18.5 and 24.9 days, respectively. We expect these results to have bearing on the management of T. castaneum, since the repeatedly insecticidal applications could be reduced in storage facilities.

Temperature-dependent development and life table parameters of Schizotetranychus smirnovi (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Almond

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1373-1383
Author(s):  
Zarir Saeidi ◽  
Alireza Nemati ◽  
Elham Riahi
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Different Temperatures

In the current study, development, reproduction, and longevity of Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainstein concerning seven different temperatures including 13±1, 15±1, 20± 1, 25±1, 27±1, 30 ±1 and 35 ±1°C, relative humidity 50 ± 10 % and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h. were investigated. Due to mite inability to settle on leaf disk, almond young branches were used for conducting life table experiments. Our results indicated that higher and lower temperatures caused a steeper decline in survivorship. The highest survival rate was observed at 25 and 27°C. The mean total development time was significantly decreased with increasing the temperatures; while adult longevity for both female and males significantly decreased. Furthermore, offspring production did not occur at 35°C. The highest values of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were 0.2563 and 1.2922 d-1 at 27°C, while their lowest values were obtained at 13°C. Again high temperature (30°C) caused a decline in both the reproductive rate and growth rate of this mite species. The longest mean generation time (T) (58.55 d) was at 13 °C and it declined significantly with increasing temperature. The most striking result emerging from our data is that 27°C is the most desirable temperature for not only development but also the reproduction of S. smirnovi. Finally, our obtained information provides a better understanding of the life history of S. smirnovi and its ability to survive and reproduce under different temperature regimes which can be used in the management of this pest.

Biological traits of acarophagous thrips, Scolothrips longicornis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Schizotetranychus smirnovi (Acari: Tetranychidae): Application of female age-specific and age-stage, two-sex life tables

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-524
Author(s):  
Marjan Heidarian ◽  
Yaghoub Fathipor ◽  
Amin Sedaratian-jahromi
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Scolothrips Longicornis

Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainstein is an important phytophagous pest of almond trees which causes serious damage in southwestern Iran. Scolothrips longicornis Priesner has been considered as an efficient predatory thrips that feeds on this spider mite and hence its efficiency for controlling S. smirnovi should be evaluated. In the current study, all main biological parameters of S. longicornis fed on S. smirnovi were determined under laboratory conditions. Data analysis was performed using both female age-specific and age-stage, two-sex life table theories. Duration of incubation, larval, pre-pupal, pupal and pre-adult periods of male predators were 4.73, 3.18, 1.05, 1.86 and 10.82 days, respectively. These periods in female individuals lasted 4.57, 3.92, 1.04, 1.87 and 11.00 days, respectively. Our findings showed that each female laid an average of 62.74 eggs during its ovipositional period (13.61 days). Using the age-stage, two-sex life table, the values of the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (T) were estimated to be 26.236 (eggs/individual), 0.171 (day-1), 1.186 (day-1) and 19.130 (days), respectively. Using the female age-specific life table, these parameters had different values. Our findings revealed that S. longicornis has a reliable capability to increase its population by feeding on S. smirnovi. This information can expand our knowledge for assessing biological efficiency of this predatory thrips in sustainable management of the destructive mite pest. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document