scholarly journals Resistance of Common Bean Genotypes to the Broad Mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904) (Acari: Tarsonemidae): Offspring Development and Biochemical Basis

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
Humberto Godoy Androcioli ◽  
Adriano Thibes Hoshino ◽  
Maurício Ursi Ventura ◽  
Fernando Teruhiko Hata ◽  
Marco dos Reis Brugnerotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Offspring Development ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Broad Mite ◽  
Plant Yields

The broad mite (BM) Polyphagotarsonemus latus is a pest of great prominence for several crops, including the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The objective of this study was to select resistant genotypes and to determine chemicals associated with resistance. In the first experiment, BM incidence was assessed for 36 genotypes in a greenhouse study. A group of 10 genotypes was selected according to the development of BM populations. Mite populations and phytometric and biochemical variables were then determined to study eventual differential genotypic responses to mite infestation. Lower numbers of mite mobile forms (larvae + adults) were found on Verdão, Negrão and Carioca Original genotypes. The magnitude of differences reached 5.4 times more BM in the IAC Alvorada than the Verdão genotype. Plant yields were reduced for the genotypes TAA Bola Cheia, IPR Sabiá, IPR Uirapuru, IAC Alvorada and Carioca Original when plants were infested with BM. The yields for LP 13833, BRS Esteio, Negrão 11, Verdão and MD 1133 were similar between infested and non-infested genotypes, indicating tolerance. Verdão and Negrão 11, besides the tolerance, exhibited low offspring development, indicating antibiosis and/or antixenosis. Higher phenolic compound levels were found in the Verdão genotype. Increased contents of catalase and peroxidase were detected for Negrão 11 genotype when infested with BM. This work allowed the detection of common bean genotypes that express resistance and tolerance to BM. These genotypes can be used in places with a history of BM infestation, or used in breeding programs to incorporate these characteristics in other genotypes.

scholarly journals Potential Sources of Resistance to Broad Mites (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) in Watermelon Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1539-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrasekar S. Kousik ◽  
B.M. Shepard ◽  
Richard Hassell ◽  
Amnon Levi ◽  
Alvin M. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Broad Mite

Two hundred nineteen U.S. plant introductions (PI) belonging to the watermelon core collection were evaluated for broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), infestation and injury that occurred naturally in a field planting. Of the 219 PIs, nine (4%) had no visible broad mite injury in the field compared with a commercial cultivar, ‘Mickey Lee’, which was severely injured. Injury mainly occurred on the growing terminals and the tender apical leaves. The growing terminals and the apical leaves were bronzed, grew poorly and, in some cases, they were distorted and curled upward. Broad mites were extracted by washing the growing terminals of 22 selected PIs with boiling water and counting the mites under a stereomicroscope. ‘Mickey Lee’ had more broad mites on growing terminals compared with some of the PIs with no visible injury. Fourteen selected PIs were further evaluated in the greenhouse to confirm their resistance by artificially infesting them with broad mites that had been cultured on susceptible watermelon plants. PIs in accessions belonging to Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus (PI 357708), Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (PI 500354), Citrullus colocynthis (PI 386015, PI 386016, PI 525082), and Parecitrullus fistulosus (PI 449332) had significantly lower broad mite injury ratings and counts compared with ‘Mickey Lee’ and other susceptible PIs. Broad mites have not been reported on watermelons in the United States before; however, it can emerge as a serious pest. The previously mentioned accessions can serve as potential sources of broad mite resistance for use in breeding programs aimed at enhancing pest resistance in watermelon.

scholarly journals Breeding methods and history of bean cultivars released in CBAB - Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Ola Moreira ◽  
Marcelo G. de Morais Silva ◽  
Rosana Rodrigues ◽  
Alexandre Pio Viana ◽  
Messias Gonzaga Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Public Research ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Importance

Common bean is a staple food of great economic and social importance and breeding programs are being carried out in different institutions in Brazil and abroad. Aiming to determine how many new cultivars were presented in the journal CBAB - Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology and which breeding methods were used to develop the new genotypes, a historical survey of CBAB from 2001 to 2008 was carried out. During this period, 23 new common bean cultivars were described in CBAB, of which all but two that were bred at universities had been developed by public research institutes. The most commonly used breeding method was the pedigree, followed by bulk and the single pod descent (SPD) method. Since the preference of Brazilian consumers for carioca and black grain beans is noticeable, most bean breeders in the country have focused their research on these two bean types.

Role of jasmonic acid signaling in tomato defense against broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tarsonemidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mor Grinberg-Yaari ◽  
Jeyasankar Alagarmalai ◽  
Efraim Lewinsohn ◽  
Rafael Perl-Treves ◽  
Victoria Soroker
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽  
Jasmonic Acid Signaling ◽  
Broad Mite

Evaluation and genetic analysis of common bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Dibatie and Mandura, Northwestern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Gezahegn Tefera ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Component Traits

Assessing and understanding the variations existing in crops due to genetic composition and environmental variability is very important in order to exploit the genetic constitution of crop plants. To this aim, variability measures such as phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) are commonly used. Heritability and genetic advance are major concerns for common bean to identify important traits for common bean genetic improvement. The field experiment was conducted at Mandura and Dibatie research substations working with sixteen genotypes of the common bean during 2017/2018 in lattice design with three replications to evaluate the performance of common bean genotypes and estimate the genetic variability. Heritability and genetic advance were estimated in relation to yield and its component traits for future breeding programs. Combined analysis of variance across locations revealed highly significant variations among genotypes for all traits under study. The PCV ranged from 3.36% for days to flowering to 15.91% for a number of pods per plant while the GCV value ranged from 0.75% for days to flowering to 13.74% for the number of pods per plant. Broad sense heritability values ranged from 5.00% for days to flowering to 84.61% for a hundred seed weight. Generally, the result of the study showed that significant genetic variability among tested genotypes and a simple selection for effective improvement of these traits. Keywords: common bean, genetic variability, genetic advance, heritability

The History of Cacao and Its Diseases in the Americas

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1604-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge R. Díaz-Valderrama ◽  
Santos T. Leiva-Espinoza ◽  
M. Catherine Aime
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Center Of Origin ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Broom Disease ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Frosty Pod Rot

Cacao is a commodity crop from the tropics cultivated by about 6 million smallholder farmers. The tree, Theobroma cacao, originated in the Upper Amazon where it was domesticated ca. 5450 to 5300 B.P. From this center of origin, cacao was dispersed and cultivated in Mesoamerica as early as 3800 to 3000 B.P. After the European conquest of the Americas (the 1500s), cacao cultivation intensified in several loci, primarily Mesoamerica, Trinidad, Venezuela, and Ecuador. It was during the colonial period that cacao diseases began emerging as threats to production. One early example is the collapse of the cacao industry in Trinidad in the 1720s, attributed to an unknown disease referred to as the “blast”. Trinidad would resurface as a production center due to the discovery of the Trinitario genetic group, which is still widely used in breeding programs around the world. However, a resurgence of diseases like frosty pod rot during the republican period (the late 1800s and early 1900s) had profound impacts on other centers of Latin American production, especially in Venezuela and Ecuador, shifting the focus of cacao production southward, to Bahia, Brazil. Production in Bahia was, in turn, dramatically curtailed by the introduction of witches’ broom disease in the late 1980s. Today, most of the world’s cacao production occurs in West Africa and parts of Asia, where the primary Latin American diseases have not yet spread. In this review, we discuss the history of cacao cultivation in the Americas and how that history has been shaped by the emergence of diseases.

The broad mite,Polyphagotarsonemus latus, as a potential prey for phytoseiid mites in California

Entomophaga ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McMurtry ◽  
M. H. Badii ◽  
H. G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Potential Prey ◽  
Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Broad Mite

Variability in hydraulic architecture and gas exchange of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars under well-watered conditions: interactions with leaf size

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Mencuccini ◽  
Jonathan Comstock
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Hydraulic Architecture ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Leaf Level

In a greenhouse study, 12 common bean cultivars from a wide geographical range were compared for their morphological, gas exchange and hydraulic architecture characters. Cultivars bred for cultivation in hot and dry regions had significantly smaller leaves and crowns, but higher stomatal conductances and transpiration rates per unit of leaf area. Short-term variability in gas exchange rates was confirmed using leaf carbon isotope discrimination. A literature survey showed that, although previously unnoticed, the strong inverse coupling between leaf size and gas exchange rates was present in three other studies using the same set of cultivars. Several measures of ‘leaf-specific hydraulic conductance’ (i.e. for the whole plant and for different parts of the xylem pathway) were also linearly related to rates of water loss, suggesting that the coupling between leaf size and gas exchange was mediated by a hydraulic mechanism. It is possible that breeding for high production in hot regions has exerted a selection pressure to increase leaf-level gas exchange rates and leaf cooling. The associated reductions in leaf size may be explained by the need to maintain equilibrium between whole-plant water loss and liquid-phase hydraulic conductance.

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