scholarly journals Study of the Influence of Different Yeast Strains on Red Wine Fermentation with NIR Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis

J ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Marsico ◽  
Rocco Perniola ◽  
Maria Cardone ◽  
Matteo Velenosi ◽  
Donato Antonacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Mixed Fermentation ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Wide Range

Alcoholic fermentation is a key step in wine production. Indeed, a wide range of compounds, which strongly affect the sensory properties of wine, is produced during this process. While Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cultures are commonly employed in winemaking to carry on the fermentation process, some non-Saccharomyces species have recently gained attention due to their ability to produce various metabolites of oenological interest. The use of different yeasts strains usually results in wines with different sensory properties, despite being obtained from the same grape variety. In this paper, we tested the feasibility of using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) to discriminate among red wines from three different grape varieties produced with pure S. cerevisiae or by mixed fermentation with a promising non-Saccharomyces yeast, namely the Starmeriella bacillaris, which usually yields wines with significant amounts of glycerol and low levels of ethanol, acetic acid, and acetaldehyde. A principal component analysis (PCA) performed on the NIR spectra was used to search for differences in the samples. The NIR results have been compared with both basic wine parameters and sensory analysis data.

scholarly journals Influence of environmental factors on the detection of blood in sheep faeces using visible–near-infrared spectroscopy as a measure of Haemonchus contortus infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise A. Kho ◽  
Jill N. Fernandes ◽  
Andrew C. Kotze ◽  
Glen P. Fox ◽  
Maggy T. Sikulu-Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Good Prediction Accuracy

Abstract Background Existing diagnostic methods for the parasitic gastrointestinal nematode, Haemonchus contortus, are time consuming and require specialised expertise, limiting their utility in the field. A practical, on-farm diagnostic tool could facilitate timely treatment decisions, thereby preventing losses in production and flock welfare. We previously demonstrated the ability of visible–near-infrared (Vis–NIR) spectroscopy to detect and quantify blood in sheep faeces with high accuracy. Here we report our investigation of whether variation in sheep type and environment affect the prediction accuracy of Vis–NIR spectroscopy in quantifying blood in faeces. Methods Visible–NIR spectra were obtained from worm-free sheep faeces collected from different environments and sheep types in South Australia (SA) and New South Wales, Australia and spiked with various sheep blood concentrations. Spectra were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA), and calibration models were built around the haemoglobin (Hb) wavelength region (387–609 nm) using partial least squares regression. Models were used to predict Hb concentrations in spiked faeces from SA and naturally infected sheep faeces from Queensland (QLD). Samples from QLD were quantified using Hemastix® test strip and FAMACHA© diagnostic test scores. Results Principal component analysis showed that location, class of sheep and pooled versus individual samples were factors affecting the Hb predictions. The models successfully differentiated ‘healthy’ SA samples from those requiring anthelmintic treatment with moderate to good prediction accuracy (sensitivity 57–94%, specificity 44–79%). The models were not predictive for blood in the naturally infected QLD samples, which may be due in part to variability of faecal background and blood chemistry between samples, or the difference in validation methods used for blood quantification. PCA of the QLD samples, however, identified a difference between samples containing high and low quantities of blood. Conclusion This study demonstrates the potential of Vis–NIR spectroscopy for estimating blood concentration in faeces from various types of sheep and environmental backgrounds. However, the calibration models developed here did not capture sufficient environmental variation to accurately predict Hb in faeces collected from environments different to those used in the calibration model. Consequently, it will be necessary to establish models that incorporate samples that are more representative of areas where H. contortus is endemic.

Reaction Monitoring in Explorative Organic Synthesis Using Fiber-Optical NIR Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1541-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-René Bjørsvik
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Reaction Profile

A method of combining spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis for obtaining quantitative information on how a reaction proceeds is presented. The method is an approach for the explorative synthetic organic laboratory rather than the analytical chemistry laboratory. The method implements near-infrared spectroscopy with an optical fiber transreflectance probe as instrumentation. The data analysis consists of decomposition of the spectral data, which are recorded during the course of a reaction by using principal component analysis to obtain latent variables, scores, and loading. From the scores and the corresponding reaction time, it is possible to obtain a reaction profile. This reaction profile can easily be recalculated to obtain the concentration profile over time. This calculation is based on only two quantitative measurements, which can be (1) measurement from the work-up of the reaction or (2) chromatographic analysis from two withdrawn samples during the reaction. The method is applied to the synthesis of 3-amino-propan-1,2-diol.

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Classification of Fruits Based on Vis-nir Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusumiyati Kusumiyati ◽  
Yuda Hadiwijaya ◽  
Ine Elisa Putri
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Non Destructive

Fruits are one of the sources of nutrition needed for health. Fruit quality is generally assessed by physical and chemical properties. Measurement of fruit internal quality is usually done by destructive techniques. Ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spec-troscopy is a non-destructive technique to measure fruit quality. This technique can rapidly measure the fruit quality, the measured fruit still remains intact, and can be marketed. Besides, UV-Vis-NIR spectrosco-py can also be used to classify fruits. The study aimed to classify var-ious types of fruits using UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy with wavelengths of 300-1041 nm and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). First de-rivative savitzky-golay with 9 smoothing points (dg1) and multiplica-tive scatter correction (MSC) were applied to correct the spectra. The results showed that the use of uv-vis-nir spectroscopy and PCA com-bined with spectra pre-treatment of the MSC method were able to clas-sify various types of fruits with 100% success rate in all fruit samples including sapodilla, ridge gourd, mango, guava, apple and zucchini. 

Identification of Liquor Brands Based on near Infrared Spectroscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 935-938
Author(s):  
Lian Shun Zhang ◽  
Chao Guo ◽  
Bao Quan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Scatter Correction ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Variance Contribution

In this paper, the liquor brands were identified based on the near infrared spectroscopy method and the principal component analysis. 60 samples of 6 different brands liquor were measured by the spectrometer of USB4000. Then, in order to eliminate the noise caused by the external factors, the smoothing method and the multiplicative scatter correction method were used. After the preprocessing, we got the revised spectra of the 60 samples. The difference of the spectrum shape of different brands is not much enough to classify them. So the principal component analysis was applied for further analysis. The results showed that the first two principal components variance contribution rate had reached 99.06%, which can effectively represent the information of the spectrums after preprocessing. From the scatter plot of the two principal components, the 6 different brands of liquor were identified more accurate and easier than the spectra curves.

scholarly journals Forensic analysis on printer inks via chemometrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 1192 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
L H Mohd Zawawi ◽  
N F Mohamed Azmin ◽  
M F Abd. Wahab ◽  
S I Ibrahim ◽  
M Y Mohd Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Trial Court ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Printer inks are becoming necessary for utilization for wide range of purposes by society in current times with rapid development in technology and digital media area. Thus, forgery and counterfeiting becoming easier for the criminals. It is dangerous as some criminals will misused the technology by mean of addition and adulteration of parts of text or numbers on document as the inks and document can be made as an evidence in the trial court. Thus, the characterization and differentiation of the printed inks in the suspected documents (civil or criminal cases) may provide important information about the authenticity of the printer inks. The focus of this study to differentiate the chemical component of three different types of sample inks by incorporation of FTIR spectrophotometer with principal component analysis. The unique features of the ink samples were unmasked from the score plots of the principal component analysis. Thus, the graphical representation provided by the FTIR spectra with principal component analysis enabled the discrimination certain chemical in the printer inks.

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