scholarly journals Validity and Reproducibility of the Peer Assessment Rating Index Scored on Digital Models Using a Software Compared with Traditional Manual Scoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1646
Author(s):  
Arwa Gera ◽  
Shadi Gera ◽  
Michel Dalstra ◽  
Paolo M. Cattaneo ◽  
Marie A. Cornelis
Keyword(s):  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Par Index ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Digital Caliper ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating

The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reproducibility of digital scoring of the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and its components using a software, compared with conventional manual scoring on printed model equivalents. The PAR index was scored on 15 cases at pre- and post-treatment stages by two operators using two methods: first, digitally, on direct digital models using Ortho Analyzer software; and second, manually, on printed model equivalents using a digital caliper. All measurements were repeated at a one-week interval. Paired sample t-tests were used to compare PAR scores and its components between both methods and raters. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to compute intra- and inter-rater reproducibility. The error of the method was calculated. The agreement between both methods was analyzed using Bland-Altman plots. There were no significant differences in the mean PAR scores between both methods and both raters. ICC for intra- and inter-rater reproducibility was excellent (≥0.95). All error-of-the-method values were smaller than the associated minimum standard deviation. Bland-Altman plots confirmed the validity of the measurements. PAR scoring on digital models showed excellent validity and reproducibility compared with manual scoring on printed model equivalents by means of a digital caliper.

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of Peer Assessment Rating Index Measurement Derived from Digital and Plaster Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Yew Jia Peh ◽  
Ming Tak Chew ◽  
Hung Chew Wong ◽  
Mimi Yow
Keyword(s):  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Par Index ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating Index ◽  
Intraexaminer Reliability ◽  
Plaster Models ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating

Aims The aim of the study was to determine the validity and reliability of Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index score derived from digital and plaster models of the same patient. Subjects and Methods Thirty orthodontic plaster study models were digitalized using the 3Shape R700™ Orthodontic 3D scanner. PAR Index scoring was carried out on both the plaster and digital models by one independent examiner calibrated in the PAR Index. The measurements were repeated at a second sitting. Measurements were made on plaster models with the PAR Index ruler and on digital models with the 3Shape OrthoAnalyzer™ software. Statistical Analysis Used Bland-Altman plots were used to test for validity and intraexaminer reliability. Results For PAR Index score, overjet and overbite component scores, 28 out of 30 measurements were within 95% limits of agreement. Other components of the PAR Index score had all points within 95% limits of agreement. For intraexaminer reliability, digital models had 28 out of 30 measurements and plaster models had 27 out of 30 measurements that were within 95% limits of agreement. Conclusions Digital models are a clinically acceptable alternative to plaster models in the measurement of the PAR Index. Improvement in software design is necessary to attain greater agreement in the measurement of the overjet and overbite components of the PAR index score between plaster and digital models.

scholarly journals PAR Evaluation of Treated Class I Extraction Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas ◽  
Daniel Salvatore Freitas ◽  
Fabrício Pinelli Valarelli ◽  
Marcos Roberto Freitas ◽  
Guilherme Janson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Class I ◽  
Par Index ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dental Casts ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating

Abstract Objective: To evaluate treatment changes and quality of finishing occlusion in Class I patients treated with four premolar extractions. Material and Methods: Dental casts of 94 subjects (50 males and 44 females) were evaluated. Mean pretreatment age was 13.46 years, and mean treatment time was 2.09 years. The peer assessment rating (PAR) index was obtained from pretreatment and posttreatment dental casts. Results: The mean pretreatment PAR index of 29.46 was reduced to 6.32 at posttreatment stage, achieving a reduction of 78.54% with treatment. There was correlation between the initial PAR and correction during treatment, that is, the more severe the malocclusion the greater the treatment changes. Conclusion: The cases evaluated showed a high-standard orthodontic finishing.

A Preliminary Comparison of the DPB's Grading of Completed Orthodontic Cases with the PAR Index

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Turbill ◽  
Stephen Richmond ◽  
Mary Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Preliminary Comparison ◽  
Par Index ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating Index ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating

The PAR (Peer Assessment Rating) Index was compared to the grading system currently in use for completed orthodontic cases at the Dental Practice Board of England and Wales. Forty completed cases were graded by the two systems, which were compared for their intra- and inter-examiner reliability, as well as for their agreement and disparity in judging outcomes of cases. The implications of the results on the monitoring of standards in the General Dental Services are discussed.

Practical Application of the PAR Index: An Illustrative Comparison of the Outcome of Treatment Using Two Fixed Appliance Techniques

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. Buchanan ◽  
J. I. Russell ◽  
J. D. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Small Error ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Par Index ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Degree

A retrospective assessment of treatment outcome in a group of 82 orthodontic fixed appliance cases was carried out using the Peer Assessment Rating Index (PAR) in order to explore the usefulness of the PAR index as a means of differentiating the change associated with treatment. Two different fixed appliance techniques, the pre-adjusted Edgewise and the Begg appliance had been used to treat these cases, and all had been under the care of one Consultant Orthodontics. The mean percentage reduction in PAR for the group as a whole was 74 per cent. Comparison of the two different appliance types found that the pre-adjusted Edgewise group achieved a significantly greater reduction in PAR score (81 per cent), than the Begg group (65 per cent). Cases with a low PAE score prior to treatment tended to fare more poorly in terms of percentage reduction and this was more marked for those cases treated with the Begg appliance. Although the PAR index has a high degree of reproducibility, it was found that even the small error present can lead to problems of interpretation if the nomogram categories are used as a method of comparison. Some potential problems in undertaking studies such as this using the PAR index to assess treatment outcome are discussed.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN PEER ASSESMENT RATING INDEX PADA EVALUASI HASIL PERAWATAN ORTODONTIK DENGAN TEKNIK BEGG

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritartha S. Anindita ◽  
Harkati Dewanto ◽  
Suparwitri Suparwitri
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Par Index ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating Index ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dental Casts ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating

Abstract: The aim of orthodontic treatment is to reach the best functional and esthetic occlusion. Because there are differences of opinions among clinicians about orthodontic treatment outcomes, the evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcomes will be more accurate and objective if we apply specific criteria that can be measured. Recently, only PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating Index) can be accepted universally as reliable and valid in order to evaluate orthodontic treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of orthodontic treatment using the Begg Appliance by Peer Assessment Rating Index. The object of this study consisted of 248 pairs of dental casts that contained 124 dental casts before treatment and 124 dental casts after treatment, which information were  obtained from the patient case archive of those treated with the Begg Appliance at the Orthodontic Clinical Faculty of Dentistry, Gadjah Mada University 1996-2004. Dental casts that fulfilled the requirements were measured using the PAR Ruler and then assessed using the PAR Index. Scoring was applied to each component. The score of each component was weighted, and then the difference of score was calculated before and after treatment. That represents the degree of improvement as a result of orthodontic treatment. The result revealed that PAR Index can be used to evaluate orthodontic treatment outcomes using the Begg Appliance. Keyword: PAR Index, orthodontic treatment outcomes.     Abstrak: Tujuan perawatan ortodontik adalah mendapatkan kemungkinan oklusi terbaik secara fungsional maupun secara estetik. Terdapat beberapa hal yang menyebabkan terjadinya perbedaan antar klinisi dalam evaluasi hasil perawatan ortodontik. Oleh karena itu evaluasi ini akan lebih akurat dan objektif jika menggunakan kriteria tertentu yang dapat diukur. Dewasa ini satu-satunya indeks untuk menilai hasil perawatan ortodontik yang telah diterima secara universal, reliabel dan valid adalah PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating Index). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengukur dan menilai secara objektif penggunaan Peer Assesment Rating Index pada  evaluasi hasil perawatan ortodontik  dengan Teknik Begg. Objek penelitian terdiri dari 248 pasang model studi rahang atas dan bawah, yaitu 124 pasang model studi sebelum perawatan dan 124 pasang model studi sesudah perawatan. Objek penelitian diperoleh dari arsip kasus pasien yang dirawat dengan Alat Ortodontik Cekat Teknik Begg di Klinik Ortodonsia Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Gadjah Mada Tahun 1996-2004. Model studi yang memenuhi persyaratan tersebut diukur menggunakan PAR Ruler dan kemudian dinilai menggunakan PAR Index. Dilakukan penghitungan skor untuk tiap komponen, dilakukan penghitungan dengan pembobotan, kemudian dihitung selisih skor sebelum dan sesudah perawatan, yang menggambarkan derajat perbaikan dan keberhasilan perawatan ortodontik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PAR Index dapat digunakan untuk evaluasi hasil perawatan ortodontik dengan Teknik Begg. Kata kunci: PAR Index, hasil perawatan ortodontik.

Holograms and Study Models Assessed by the PAR (Peer Assessment Rating) Index of Malocclusion—A Pilot Study

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall J. McGuinness ◽  
Christopher D. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Par Index ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating Index ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating

A selection of 30 sets of study models, representing a wide range of malocclusions, was drawn from the records of a clinical orthodontic department. Four holograms were made of each set of models; the study models and their corresponding holograms were then scored using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index of malocclusion. Significantly lower scores (P < 0·01) were obtained from the holograms, which were ascribed to three out of the seven components which make up the index.

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