scholarly journals Small Cell Lung Cancer from Traditional to Innovative Therapeutics: Building a Comprehensive Network to Optimize Clinical and Translational Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanmuga Subbiah ◽  
Arin Nam ◽  
Natasha Garg ◽  
Amita Behal ◽  
Prakash Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Community Practice ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Drug Target Discovery

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive, complex disease with a distinct biology that contributes to its poor prognosis. Management of SCLC is still widely limited to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and research recruitment still poses a considerable challenge. Here, we review the current standard of care for SCLC and advances made in utilizing immunotherapy. We also highlight research in the development of targeted therapies and emphasize the importance of a team-based approach to make clinical advances. Building an integrative network between an academic site and community practice sites optimizes biomarker and drug target discovery for managing and treating a difficult disease like SCLC.

scholarly journals Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Actionable Mutations Other Than EGFR

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karan Seegobin ◽  
Umair Majeed ◽  
Nathaniel Wiest ◽  
Rami Manochakian ◽  
Yanyan Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Lung Cancers

While first line targeted therapies are the current standard of care treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with actionable mutations, the cancer cells inevitably acquire resistance to these agents over time. Immune check-point inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the outcomes of metastatic NSCLC, however, its efficacy in those with targetable drivers is largely unknown. In this manuscript, we reviewed the published data on ICI therapies in NSCLC with ALK, ROS1, BRAF, c-MET, RET, NTRK, KRAS, and HER2 (ERBB2) alterations. We found that the objective response rates (ORRs) associated with ICI treatments in lung cancers harboring the BRAF (0–54%), c-MET (12–49%), and KRAS (18.7-66.7%) alterations were comparable to non-mutant NSCLC, whereas the ORRs in RET fusion NSCLC (less than10% in all studies but one) and ALK fusion NSCLC (0%) were relatively low. The ORRs reported in small numbers of patients and studies of ROS1 fusion, NTRK fusion, and HER 2 mutant NSCLC were 0–17%, 50% and 7–23%, respectively, making the efficacy of ICIs in these groups of patients less clear. In most studies, no significant correlation between treatment outcome and PD-L1 expression or tumor mutation burden (TMB) was identified, and how to select patients with NSCLC harboring actionable mutations who will likely benefit from ICI treatment remains unknown.

scholarly journals Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Current Progress and the Next Frontier

Radiation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-333
Author(s):  
Tzen S. Toh ◽  
Benjamin H. Lok
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Limited Stage ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy

Limited-stage (LS) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is defined as disease confined to a tolerable radiation portal without extrathoracic metastases. Despite clinical research over two decades, the prognosis of LS-SCLC patients remains poor. The current standard of care for LS-SCLC patients is concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy with thoracic radiotherapy (RT). Widespread heterogeneity on the optimal radiation dose and fractionation regimen among physicians highlights the logistical challenges of administering BID regimens. Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is recommended to patients following a good initial response to chemoradiation due to improved overall survival from historical trials and the propensity for LS-SCLC to recur with brain metastases. However, PCI utilization is being debated due to the greater availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and data in extensive-stage SCLC regarding close MRI surveillance in lieu of PCI while spurring novel RT techniques, such as hippocampal-avoidance PCI. Additionally, novel treatment combinations incorporating targeted small molecule therapies and immunotherapies with or following radiation for LS-SCLC have seen recent interest and some concepts are being investigated in clinical trials. Here, we review the landscape of progress, limitations, and challenges for LS-SCLC including current standard of care, novel radiation techniques, and the integration of novel therapeutic strategies for LS-SCLC.

Landmark Studies of Targeted Therapies for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Guide for Pulmonologists

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Adrien Costantini ◽  
Theodoros Katsikas ◽  
Clementine Bostantzoglou
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Anaplastic Lymphoma ◽  
Mutational Status

Over the past decade, major breakthroughs in the understanding of lung cancer histology and mutational pathways have radically changed diagnosis and management. More specifically, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), tumour characterisation has shifted from differentiating based solely on histology to characterisation that includes genetic profiling and mutational status of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGFR), Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK), c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) and BRAF. These genetic alterations can be targeted by specific drugs that result in improved progression-free survival, as well as higher response rates and are currently standard of care for NSCLC patients harbouring these mutations. In this a narrative, non-systematic review we aim to handpick through the extensive literature and critically present the ground-breaking studies that lead to the institution of tailored treatment options as the standard of care for the main targetable genetic alterations.

scholarly journals Front Line Applications and Future Directions of Immunotherapy in Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
Selina K. Wong ◽  
Wade T. Iams
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
First Line ◽  
Limited Stage ◽  
Extensive Stage

After being stagnant for decades, there has finally been a paradigm shift in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) with the emergence and application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Multiple trials of first-line ICI-chemotherapy combinations have demonstrated survival benefit compared to chemotherapy alone in patients with extensive-stage SCLC, establishing this as the new standard of care. ICIs are now being applied in the potentially curative limited-stage setting, actively being investigated as concurrent treatment with chemoradiation and as adjuvant treatment following completion of chemoradiation. This review highlights the evidence behind the practice-changing addition of ICIs in the first-line setting of extensive-stage SCLC, the potentially practice-changing immunotherapy trials that are currently underway in the limited-stage setting, and alternate immunotherapeutic strategies being studied in the treatment of SCLC.

scholarly journals Standard of care in high-dose radiotherapy for localized non-small cell lung cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1610-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk De Ruysscher ◽  
Maarten Lambrecht ◽  
Angela van Baardwijk ◽  
Stéphanie Peeters ◽  
Bart Reymen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Small Cell Lung

scholarly journals Progress in Standard of Care Therapy and Modest Survival Benefits in the Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients in the Netherlands in the Last 20 Years

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miep A. van der Drift ◽  
Henrike E. Karim-Kos ◽  
Sabine Siesling ◽  
Harry J.M. Groen ◽  
Michel W.J.M. Wouters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients

Systemic and Radiation Therapy Approaches for Locally Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin A. Higgins ◽  
Sonam Puri ◽  
Jhanelle E. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Concurrent Chemoradiation ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Small Cell Lung

The treatment for locally advanced non–small-cell lung cancer has changed dramatically over the past several years, with consolidative immunotherapy after concurrent chemoradiation becoming the new standard of care. Five-year survival outcomes have substantially improved with this approach. Despite these advances, further improvements are needed as the majority of patients ultimately develop progression of disease. The next-generation immunotherapy trials are currently being conducted that include approaches such as concurrent immunotherapy and addition of other therapeutic agents in the concurrent and consolidative settings. Specific unmet needs continue to exist for patients who develop disease progression after concurrent chemoradiation and immunotherapy, as well as defining the best treatment for patients with driver mutations. Future directions also include refinement of radiation techniques to reduce toxicities as much as possible, as well as the use of circulating tumor DNA in the surveillance setting. The current scientific landscape shows promising approaches that may further improve outcomes for patients with locally advanced non–small-cell lung cancer.

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