scholarly journals Effects of Rest Position on Morphology of the Vastus Lateralis and Its Relationship with Lower-Body Strength and Power

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa N. Varanoske ◽  
Nicholas A. Coker ◽  
Bri-Ana D.I. Johnson ◽  
Tal Belity ◽  
Gerald T. Mangine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Echo Intensity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Ultrasonography of the lower body typically encompasses supine rest due to fluid shifts affecting tissue size and composition. However, vastus lateralis (VL) examination is completed in the lateral recumbent position, and this positional change may influence morphology and its ability to predict function. This study aimed to examine the effect of position on VL morphology and its relationship with lower-body performance. Cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), echo intensity (UnCorEI), subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SFT), and echo intensity corrected for SFT (CorEI) were assessed in 31 resistance-trained males (23.0 ± 2.1 yrs; 1.79 ± 0.08 m; 87.4 ± 11.7 kg) immediately after transitioning from standing to supine (IP), after 15 min of standing (ST), and after 15 min of rest in three recumbent positions: supine (SUP), dominant lateral recumbent (DLR), non-dominant lateral recumbent (NDLR). Participants also completed unilateral vertical jumps, isometric/isokinetic tests, and a one-repetition maximum leg press. CSA, MT, PA, and SFT were greater in ST compared to NDLR, DLR, and SUP (p < 0.05). CSA, UnCorEI, and CorEI were different between recumbent positions; however no differences were observed for MT, PA, and SFT. Different magnitudes of relationships were observed between muscle morphological characteristics measured after rest in different positions and performance variables. Muscle morphology in IP generally appears to be the best predictor of performance for most variables, although utilizing the NDLR and DLR positions may provide comparable results, whereas morphology measured in ST and SUP provide weaker relationships with physical performance. IP also requires less time and fewer requirements on the technician and subject, thus researchers should consider this positioning for VL examination.

scholarly journals Test-Retest Reliability of Muscle Thickness, Echo-Intensity and Cross Sectional Area of Quadriceps and Hamstrings Muscle Groups Using B-mode Ultrasound

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassio V. Ruas ◽  
Ronei S. Pinto ◽  
Camila D. Lima ◽  
Pablo B. Costa ◽  
Lee E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Echo Intensity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissue ◽  
Muscle Groups

Ultrasound muscle images have been extensively used as tools for investigating, diagnosing and monitoring thigh muscles. However, there is a lack of information examining ultrasound reliability of quadriceps and hamstrings images for research and clinical use. Objectives: To determine the reliability of muscle thickness (MT), echo intensity (EI) and cross sectional area (CSA) of quadriceps and hamstrings muscle groups. Methods: Single transverse images of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus intermedius (VI), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris long head (BFlh), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM) muscles were scanned in the right and left legs of ten healthy collegiate men (age 23.4 ± 2.2 yrs, mass 71.7 ± 11.7 kg, height 1.73 ± 0.06 m) between two sessions with one day interval. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimum difference to be considered “real” (MD) were measured for MT, EI, and CSA. Results: A range of 0.97-0.99, 0.83-0.88, and 0.86-0.97 (ICC); 0.72-1.38, 2.73-3.41, and 0.36-1.04 (SEM); and 2.01-3.82, 7.56-9.46, and 0.99-2.89 (MD) were found for quadriceps muscles, and 0.93-0.99, 0.74-0.90, and 0.89-0.96 (ICC); 0.73-1.94, 3.29-4.98, and 0.69-1.08 (SEM); and 2.03-5.38, 9.13-13.81, and 1.91-2.98 (MD) were found for hamstrings muscles. Conclusions: These results suggest that ultrasound imaging of both quadriceps and hamstrings muscle architecture is a reliable technique for assessing thigh musculoskeletal tissue. The anatomical sites, as well as ultrasound adjustments, images, and results utilized here may assist future researchers and clinicians as reference tools when measuring quadriceps and hamstrings musculature. 

Influence of muscle depth and thickness on ultrasound echo intensity of the vastus lateralis

2020 ◽  
pp. 028418512095840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa N Varanoske ◽  
Nicholas A Coker ◽  
Bri-Ana DI Johnson ◽  
Tal Belity ◽  
Adam J Wells
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Echo Intensity ◽  
Ultrasound Waves ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background Ultrasonography is used to evaluate muscle quality (i.e. echo intensity [EI]), but an attenuation of ultrasound waves occurs in deeper tissues, potentially affecting these measures. Purpose To determine whether muscle thickness (MT) affects EI and if EI varies between the superficial and deep portions of the muscle. Materials and Methods MT, EI, subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SAT), tissue depth (DISDEEP), and EI of the overall (EIFULL) as well as deep (EIDEEP) and superficial (EISUPF) portions of the vastus lateralis (VL) were assessed in 33 resistance-trained males using ultrasonography. The difference (EIDIFF) between EISUPF and EIDEEP was calculated. Mean differences between EIFULL, EISUPF, and EIDEEP were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Relationships between measures of muscle depth/ thickness and EI were examined using Pearson’s r. Results EISUPF was greater than EIDEEP ( P < 0.001) and EIFULL ( P < 0.001). MT was negatively correlated with EIFULL ( P < 0.001) and positively correlated with EIDIFF ( P < 0.001). SAT was not correlated with any EI measure, but DISDEEP was positively correlated with EIDIFF ( P < 0.001). Conclusion EI of the VL is heterogeneous, as the deeper portion produces lower values than the superficial portion. Thicker muscles present lower EI but have greater discrepancies in EI between the superficial and deep portions. Although SAT was not correlated with EI, DISDEEP was related to EIDIFF, demonstrating that the combination of MT and SAT should be considered when evaluating muscle quality. Future research is necessary to determine if changes in EI following resistance training are driven by increases in MT.

Muscle Quality, Measured by Ultrasound-Derived Corrected Echo Intensity, Does not Affect Changes in Cross-sectional Area of the Vastus Lateralis Following Recumbent Rest

2020 ◽  
pp. 875647932096727
Author(s):  
Alyssa N. Varanoske ◽  
Nicholas A. Coker ◽  
Bri-Ana D. I. Johnson ◽  
Tal Belity ◽  
Adam J. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Echo Intensity ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: Recumbent rest elicits a decrease in muscle size of the lower extremity, but the extent of decrease may be related to differences in muscle quality. This could have implications for ultrasound-derived measures of muscle size, particularly in individuals with a large proportion of intramuscular contractile elements. The research objective was to determine whether decreases in muscle size following recumbent rest are related to ultrasound-derived corrected echo intensity in resistance-trained males. Methods: Cross-sectional area (CSA), echo intensity (EI), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), and EI corrected for SFT (EICor) of the vastus lateralis (VL) were measured via ultrasonography in 30 resistance-trained males. Measures were obtained immediately following recumbency (T0) and 15 minutes after recumbency (T15). The association between EICor and percentage change in CSA (%ΔCSA) from T0 to T15 was examined. Comparisons of morphological characteristics were examined between a subset of participants with the lowest (LO; n = 10; <33rd percentile) and highest (HI; n = 10; >66th percentile) EICor. Results: EICor was not correlated with %ΔCSA ( P = .151), and the decrease in CSA from T0 to T15 did not differ between the LO and HI groups. Conclusions: Muscle quality (EICor) is not related to the decrease in CSA of the VL following recumbent rest among resistance-trained, young males. The time frame of muscle CSA acquisition should not differ based solely on differences in muscle quality.

scholarly journals Bilateral Differences in Muscle Architecture and Increased Rate of Injury in National Basketball Association Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald T. Mangine ◽  
Jay R. Hoffman ◽  
Adam M. Gonzalez ◽  
Adam R. Jajtner ◽  
Tyler Scanlon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Bilateral Differences

Context Professional basketball players have demanding schedules that, in combination with certain underlying physical characteristics and side-to-side strength and power imbalances, may make them vulnerable to lower extremity injuries. Objective To examine the relationship among skeletal muscle architecture, lower body power, and games missed because of lower extremity injury (%MISS) in professional basketball players. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Human Performance Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Nine players under contract for Orlando Magic were assessed. We compared athletes who were injured (n = 4, height = 203.2 ± 5.5 cm, mass = 105 ± 7.5 kg, age = 25.0 ± 2.8 years) and those who remained healthy (n = 5, height = 200.2 ± 12.2 cm, mass = 100.1 ± 16.6 kg, age = 22.4 ± 1.9 years) during the season. Main Outcome Measure(s) Bilateral ultrasonographic measurements of muscle thickness, pennation angle, echo intensity, and cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis were collected before regular-season play. Subsequently, muscle thickness and pennation angle were used to compute fascicle length. Along with unilateral jumping power, inferences were made upon the magnitude of the relationship between the percentage bilateral difference in these measures and %MISS, as well as between injured and healthy athletes. Results The data indicated likely relationships between %MISS and age (r = 0.772), and between %MISS and bilateral differences in rectus femoris cross-sectional area (7.8% ± 6.4%; r = 0.657) and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (6.2% ± 4.8%; r = 0.521), as well as a possible relationship with vastus lateralis muscle thickness (7.9% ± 8.9%; r = 0.444). Echo-intensity differences in the vastus lateralis were greater in injured (8.0% ± 2.4%) versus healthy athletes (3.2% ± 2.0%). Although a 2-fold difference in mean jumping power was observed between injured (26.3 ± 14.9 W) and healthy athletes (13.6 ± 8.7 W), these differences were not statistically significant (P = .20). Conclusions In the present sample, lower extremity side-to-side differences may be related to an increased risk for lower extremity injury. Future researchers using larger sample sizes need to identify normal versus at-risk ranges for bilateral differences in muscle structure and power of the lower extremities of professional basketball players and athletes in other sports.

scholarly journals Relationship between lower body strength and performance at 50 m breaststroke

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
L. Odráška ◽  
M. Matušov ◽  
Ľ. Grznár ◽  
M. Putala
Keyword(s):  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Lower Body Strength ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Effects of high-velocity resistance training and creatine supplementation in untrained healthy aging males

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1246-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Bernat ◽  
Darren G. Candow ◽  
Karolina Gryzb ◽  
Sara Butchart ◽  
Brad J. Schoenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Body Strength

The purpose was to investigate the effects of high-velocity resistance training (HVRT) and creatine supplementation in untrained healthy aging males. Participants were randomized to supplement with creatine (0.1 g·kg−1·day−1 of creatine + 0.1 g·kg−1·day−1 of maltodextrin) or placebo (0.2 g·kg−1·day−1 of maltodextrin) during 8 weeks of HVRT. Prior to and following HVRT and supplementation, assessments were made for muscle strength, muscle thickness, peak torque, and physical performance. There was a significant increase over time for all measures of muscle strength (p < 0.001), muscle thickness (p < 0.001), and some measures of peak torque (knee flexion; 1.05 and 3.14 rad/s; p < 0.001) and physical performance (balance board time-to-completion; p = 0.017). There was a group × time interaction for leg press strength (p = 0.044) and total lower-body strength (leg press, knee flexion, knee extension combined; p = 0.039). The creatine group experienced greater gains in leg press and total lower-body strength compared with the placebo group, with no other differences. HVRT increases muscle strength, muscle thickness, and some measures of peak torque and physical performance in untrained healthy aging males. The addition of creatine supplementation to HVRT further augments the gains in leg press and total lower-body strength. Novelty High-velocity resistance training increases muscle mass and performance. Creatine supplementation increases lower-body muscle strength. High-velocity resistance training and creatine supplementation are safe interventions for aging adults.

scholarly journals Sprint and Jump Mechanical Profiles in Academy Rugby League Players: Positional Differences and the Associations between Profiles and Sprint Performance

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Ben Nicholson ◽  
Alex Dinsdale ◽  
Ben Jones ◽  
Kevin Till
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
And Performance

This cross-sectional study evaluated the sprint and jump mechanical profiles of male academy rugby league players, the differences between positions, and the associations between mechanical profiles and sprint performance. Twenty academy rugby league players performed 40-m sprints and squat jumps at increasing loads (0–80 kg) to determine individual mechanical (force-velocity-power) and performance variables. The mechanical variables (absolute and relative theoretical maximal force-velocity-power, force-velocity linear relationship, and mechanical efficiency) were determined from the mechanical profiles. Forwards had significantly (p < 0.05) greater vertical and horizontal force, momentum but jumped lower (unloaded) and were slower than backs. No athlete presented an optimal jump profile. No associations were found between jump and sprint mechanical variables. Absolute theoretical maximal vertical force significantly (p < 0.05) correlated (r = 0.71–0.77) with sprint momentum. Moderate (r = −0.47) to near-perfect (r = 1.00) significant associations (p < 0.05) were found between sprint mechanical and performance variables. The largest associations shifted from maximum relative horizontal force-power generation and application to maximum velocity capabilities and force application at high velocities as distance increased. The jump and sprint mechanical profiles appear to provide distinctive and highly variable information about academy rugby league players’ sprint and jump capacities. Associations between mechanical variables and sprint performance suggest horizontal and vertical profiles differ and should be trained accordingly.

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