scholarly journals Using Landscape Change Analysis and Stakeholder Perspective to Identify Driving Forces of Human–Wildlife Interactions

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Mihai Mustățea ◽  
Ileana Pătru-Stupariu
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Change ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Stakeholder Perspective ◽  
Forested Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Habitats

Human–wildlife interactions (HWI) were frequent in the post-socialist period in the mountain range of Central European countries where forest habitats suffered transitions into built-up areas. Such is the case of the Upper Prahova Valley from Romania. In our study, we hypothesized that the increasing number of HWI after 1990 could be a potential consequence of woodland loss. The goal of our study was to analyse the effects of landscape changes on HWI. The study consists of the next steps: (i) applying 450 questionnaires to local stakeholders (both citizens and tourists) in order to collect data regarding HWI temporal occurrences and potential triggering factors; (ii) investigating the relation between the two variables through the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA); (iii) modelling the landscape spatial changes between 1990 and 2018 for identifying areas with forest loss; (iv) overlapping the distribution of both the households affected by HWI and areas with loss of forested ecosystems. The local stakeholders indicate that the problematic species are the brown bear (Ursus arctos), the wild boar (Sus scrofa), the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the grey wolf (Canis lupus). The number of animal–human interactions recorded an upward trend between 1990 and 2018, and the most significant driving factors were the regulation of hunting practices, the loss of habitats, and artificial feeding. The landscape change analysis reveals that between 1990 and 2018, the forest habitats were replaced by built-up areas primarily on the outskirts of settlements, these areas coinciding with frequent HWI. The results are valid for both forest ecosystems conservation in the region, wildlife management, and human infrastructures durable spatial planning.

Landscape change analysis and assessment (case studies in Slovakia and Bulgaria)

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Feranec ◽  
Monika Kopecka ◽  
Rumiana Vatseva ◽  
Anton Stoimenov ◽  
Jan Otahel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Data Layer ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
Data Layers

AbstractLandscape change assessment was conducted in selected areas of Slovakia and Bulgaria in 1990–2000 using CORINE land cover (CLC) data layer analysis. Assessment of causes that led to these changes was undertaken, with an emphasis on those that determined the extensification of agriculture. The LC data were obtained under the CLC90 and I&CLC2000 projects, jointly managed by the European Environment Agency in Copenhagen, Denmark and the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission in Ispra, Italy. The CLC1990-2000-changes data layer was generated by overlaying the CLC90 and CLC2000 data layers for change in areas of a minimum 5 ha. The analysed causes of changes (driving forces) were then classified. Land cover (LC) changes characterizing urbanization processes occurred only in the Trnava and Tatras areas. Intensification of agriculture was also higher in these two areas. LC changes characterizing the extensification of agriculture were dominant in Plovdiv and Trnava. Deforestation and forestation were identified in all areas (Trnava, Tatras, Plovdiv, and Burgas). The basic reasons of these changes were related to the transformation of national economies from being centrally planned to market controlled, following the fall of socialism and before the countries joined the European Union.

scholarly journals Developing methods for measuring national distributions and densities of wild mammals using camera traps: A Kosovo study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Elizabeth Beatham ◽  
Alastair Ian Ward ◽  
David Fouracre ◽  
Anthony J Wilsmore ◽  
Besim Zogu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Local Stakeholders

Understanding the distributions and density of wild mammals is integral to the implementation of wildlife management strategies, particularly for controlling diseases and conservation management. Recent advances in camera trap technology together with the development of the Random Encounter Model have provided a non-invasive method for estimating mammal densities. In addition, the development of citizen science initiatives have advanced ecological data collection. This study describes a national camera trap survey delivered by local stakeholders in eleven forest sites in Kosovo from 2014 to 2015 to measure the distributions and abundance of medium to large wild mammals as part of the Control and/or eradication of animal diseases project. The Random Encounter Model was used to calculate density data for each species, which appear realistic when compared to densities found in other European countries. The study particularly focussed on the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the grey wolf (Canis lupus) as potential vectors of rabies and wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a vector of classical swine fever. These species were found to be three of the most widely distributed species in Kosovo and were present at the majority of sites at high densities. The camera survey also provided information on species of conservation concern such as the Eurasian brown bear (Ursus arctos) and provided the first physical evidence of a live Eurasian golden jackal (Canis aureus) in Kosovo. Although sources of bias were identified, these estimates are likely to be more accurate than those devised from methods such as hunting bags and the findings of this study suggest that, with a moderate amount of development, camera trapping implemented by local stakeholders can be used as an effective and practicable method to estimate national distributions and population sizes of medium to large sized wild mammals.

Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) Habitat Use and Food Resources on Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Farley ◽  
Herman Griese ◽  
Rick Sinnott ◽  
Jessica Coltrane ◽  
Chris Garner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Air Force Base

Plasma ochratoxin A in the European brown bear ( Ursus arctos L.) from Croatia

2017 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. S198
Author(s):  
Dubravka Rašić ◽  
Maja Lazarus ◽  
Đuro Huber ◽  
Slaven Reljić ◽  
Maja Peraica
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear

scholarly journals High Resolution Landscape Change Analysis with CORONA KH-4B Imagery. A Case Study from Iron Gates Reservoir Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 200-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Mihai ◽  
Constantin Nistor ◽  
Liviu Toma ◽  
Ionuţ Săvulescu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Reservoir Area

scholarly journals Fallot's Tetralogy in a European Brown Bear (Ursus arctos)

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Ågren ◽  
Arne Söderberg ◽  
Torsten Mörner
Keyword(s):  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Fallot's Tetralogy ◽  
Fallot’S Tetralogy

scholarly journals Phenological synchronization disrupts trophic interactions between Kodiak brown bears and salmon

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (39) ◽  
pp. 10432-10437 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Deacy ◽  
Jonathan B. Armstrong ◽  
William B. Leacock ◽  
Charles T. Robbins ◽  
David D. Gustine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Switching Behavior ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Trophic Resources ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Strength Of Interaction ◽  
Prey Interaction

Climate change is altering the seasonal timing of life cycle events in organisms across the planet, but the magnitude of change often varies among taxa [Thackeray SJ, et al. (2016) Nature 535:241–245]. This can cause the temporal relationships among species to change, altering the strength of interaction. A large body of work has explored what happens when coevolved species shift out of sync, but virtually no studies have documented the effects of climate-induced synchronization, which could remove temporal barriers between species and create novel interactions. We explored how a predator, the Kodiak brown bear (Ursus arctos middendorffi), responded to asymmetric phenological shifts between its primary trophic resources, sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa). In years with anomalously high spring air temperatures, elderberry fruited several weeks earlier and became available during the period when salmon spawned in tributary streams. Bears departed salmon spawning streams, where they typically kill 25–75% of the salmon [Quinn TP, Cunningham CJ, Wirsing AJ (2016) Oecologia 183:415–429], to forage on berries on adjacent hillsides. This prey switching behavior attenuated an iconic predator–prey interaction and likely altered the many ecological functions that result from bears foraging on salmon [Helfield JM, Naiman RJ (2006) Ecosystems 9:167–180]. We document how climate-induced shifts in resource phenology can alter food webs through a mechanism other than trophic mismatch. The current emphasis on singular consumer-resource interactions fails to capture how climate-altered phenologies reschedule resource availability and alter how energy flows through ecosystems.

scholarly journals Brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (14) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Gashchak ◽  
◽  
Yevgenii Gulyaichenko ◽  
Nicholas A. Beresford ◽  
Michael D. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Exclusion Zone
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