Strengthening Local Governance of Secondary Forest in Peru

Natural forest regrowth is critical for restoring ecosystem services in degraded landscapes and providing forest resources. Those who control tenure and access rights to these secondary forest areas determine who benefits from economically charged off-farm opportunities such as finance for forest restoration, selling carbon credits, and receiving payment for ecosystem services. We explore multiple dimensions of secondary forest governance in Peru, where the lack of official government statistics of the extent, geography, and ownership, coupled with low state capacity, prevents the development of governance structures that could stimulate their sustainable management. In this paper, we review the challenges to secondary forest governance, and the opportunities to strengthen it, focusing on beneficial outcomes for smallholder farmers. We characterize secondary forest types, extent, and persistence in Peru, followed by a presentation of the social dimensions of their governance. We identify four entry points for government to take action: national mapping of the socio-geography of second growth forest, regularize the property rights of untitled landholders, relax forest regulations, and provide incentives, not sanctions, for secondary forest management. Overall, we recommend folding secondary forest governance into a landscape approach. In Peru, strengthening local forest governance could help to drive benefits of climate change mitigation incentives directly to local forest stewards.

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The impact of secondary forest restoration on multiple ecosystem services and their trade-offs

Ecological Indicators ◽

10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.05.008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 104 ◽

pp. 248-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yelin Zeng ◽

Mengmeng Gou ◽

Shuai Ouyang ◽

Liang Chen ◽

Xi Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Forest Restoration ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Trade Offs ◽

The Impact

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Ecosystem Services and Distributive Justice: Considering Access Rights to Ecosystem Services in Theories of Distributive Justice

Ethics Policy & Environment ◽

10.1080/21550085.2013.801203 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 162-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Stefanie Sievers-Glotzbach

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Distributive Justice ◽

Access Rights

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The importance of ecosystem services to smallholder farmers in climate change adaptation: learning from an ecosystem-based adaptation pilot in Vietnam

Agroforestry Systems ◽

10.1007/s10457-018-0302-y ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 93 (5) ◽

pp. 1949-1960 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lien Tran ◽

Kathryn Brown

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Smallholder Farmers

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Cost-effectiveness of dryland forest restoration evaluated by spatial analysis of ecosystem services

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1003369107 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 107 (50) ◽

pp. 21925-21930 ◽

Cited By ~ 141

Author(s):

J. C. Birch ◽

A. C. Newton ◽

C. A. Aquino ◽

E. Cantarello ◽

C. Echeverria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Spatial Analysis ◽

Forest Restoration

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Integrating ecosystem services in power analysis in forest governance: A comparison across nine European countries

Forest Policy and Economics ◽

10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102317 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 121 ◽

pp. 102317

Author(s):

Nataly Juerges ◽

Bas Arts ◽

Mauro Masiero ◽

Emin Z. Başkent ◽

José G. Borges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Power Analysis ◽

European Countries ◽

Forest Governance

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Urban Vegetation Types are Not Perceived Equally in Providing Ecosystem Services and Disservices

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12052076 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 2076 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zuzana Drillet ◽

Tze Fung ◽

Rachel Leong ◽

Uma Sachidhanandam ◽

Peter Edwards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Air Quality ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Online Survey ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Public Perceptions ◽

Urban Vegetation ◽

Vegetation Types ◽

Regulating Services ◽

Planning And Management

Urban vegetation is important in providing ecosystem services to people. Different urban vegetation types provide contrasting suites of ecosystem services and disservices. Understanding public perceptions of the ecosystem services and disservices can therefore play an important role in shaping the planning and management of urban areas. We conducted an online survey (n = 1000) to understand how residents in the tropical city of Singapore perceived urban vegetation and the associated ecosystem services and disservices. The questionnaire was designed to explore whether different urban vegetation types (grass, shrubs, trees, trees over shrubs, and secondary forest) were perceived as equal in providing benefits. Respondents considered ecosystem services provided by urban vegetation to be more important than disservices. Among ecosystem services, regulating services were most highly rated, with more than 80% of the respondents appreciating urban vegetation for providing shade and improving air quality. Respondents recognized that different vegetation types provided different ecosystem services. For example, secondary forest was most commonly associated with education and wildlife, while trees were strongly associated with cooling and air quality. We conclude that in developing plans and designs for urban vegetation and ecosystem services, it is important to understand the perceptions, priorities, and concerns of residents.

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Undertaking large-scale forest restoration to generate ecosystem services

Restoration Ecology ◽

10.1111/rec.12706 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 657-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

David Lamb

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Forest Restoration ◽

Large Scale

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Genetic differentiation of the neotropical tree species Protium spruceanum (Benth.) Engler (Burseraceae) between fragments and vegetation corridors in Brazilian Atlantic forest

Acta Botanica Brasilica ◽

10.1590/s0102-33062009000400028 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 1180-1185 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fábio de Almeida Vieira ◽

Dulcinéia de Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Neotropical Tree ◽

Second Growth ◽

Human Habitat ◽

Protium Spruceanum ◽

Allozyme Loci ◽

Vegetation Corridors

We studied patterns of genetic differentiation in a connected landscape with an interesting history of human habitat conversion that began two centuries ago, during the Brazilian colonization period. In the fragments of Brazilian Atlantic seasonal forest and corridors of secondary forest, Protium spruceanum is an abundant native, mass-flowering/insect-pollinated and bird-dispersed tree. Genetic diversity was analyzed from 230 individuals in five fragments (1 to 11.8 ha) and four corridors (460 to 1000 m length) using allozyme loci. We did not find evidence of inbreeding within fragments or corridors, but the proportion of heterozygotes (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/abb/v23n4/a28simb1.gif" WIDTH=287 HEIGHT=96>) were significantly higher in fragments than in the secondary vegetation corridors, based on Goudet's G-test (P = 0.036). Genetic differentiation was low and no pattern of isolation by distance was detected. All fragments generally present low historical genetic differentiation with corridors that they are connected, indicating possible gene flow via seeds and pollen. Due to the consistently low differentiation observed among them and the absence of a significant reduction in gene diversity in second-growth forests, we conclude that corridors of second-growth forests would be an important alternative in the genetic connection of isolated forest fragments.

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