Radiation-Induced Cerebro-Ophthalmic Effects in Humans

Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) could affect the human brain and eyes leading to both cognitive and visual impairments. The aim of this paper was to review and analyze the current literature, and to comment on the ensuing findings in the light of our personal contributions in this field. The review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines by searching PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO and Google Scholar English papers published from January 2000 to January 2020. The results showed that prenatally or childhood-exposed individuals are a particular target group with a higher risk for possible radiation effects and neurodegenerative diseases. In adulthood and medical/interventional radiologists, the most frequent IR-induced ophthalmic effects include cataracts, glaucoma, optic neuropathy, retinopathy and angiopathy, sometimes associated with specific neurocognitive deficits. According to available information that eye alterations may induce or may be associated with brain dysfunctions and vice versa, we propose to label this relationship “eye-brain axis”, as well as to deepen the diagnosis of eye pathologies as early and easily obtainable markers of possible low dose IR-induced brain damage.

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BRAIN AND EYE AS POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR IONIZING RADIATION IMPACT. Part І. THE CONSEQUENCES OF IRRADIATION OF THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE LIQUIDATION OF THE CHORNOBYL ACCIDENT

Проблеми радіаційної медицини та радіобіології = Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology ◽

10.33145/2304-8336-2020-25-90-129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 90-129

Author(s):

K. Loganovsky ◽

◽

P. Fedirko ◽

K. Kuts ◽

D. Marazziti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Radiation Effects ◽

Radiation Risk ◽

International Studies ◽

Neurocognitive Deficit ◽

Radiation Induced ◽

And Performance ◽

Medical Radiology

Background.Exposure to ionizing radiation could affect the brain and eyes leading to cognitive and vision impairment, behavior disorders and performance decrement during professional irradiation at medical radiology, including interventional radiological procedures, long-term space flights, and radiation accidents. Objective. The objective was to analyze the current experimental, epidemiological, and clinical data on the radiation cerebro-ophthalmic effects. Materials and methods. In our analytical review peer-reviewed publications via the bibliographic and scientometric bases PubMed / MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and selected papers from the library catalog of NRCRM – the leading institution in the field of studying the medical effects of ionizing radiation – were used. Results. The probable radiation-induced cerebro-ophthalmic effects in human adults comprise radiation cataracts, radiation glaucoma, radiation-induced optic neuropathy, retinopathies, angiopathies as well as specific neurocognitive deficit in the various neuropsychiatric pathology including cerebrovascular pathology and neurodegenerative diseases. Specific attention is paid to the likely stochastic nature of many of those effects. Those prenatally and in childhood exposed are a particular target group with a higher risk for possible radiation effects and neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusions. The experimental, clinical, epidemiological, anatomical and pathophysiological rationale for visual system and central nervous system (CNS) radiosensitivity is given. The necessity for further international studies with adequate dosimetric support and the follow-up medical and biophysical monitoring of high radiation risk cohorts is justified. The first part of the study currently being published presents the results of the study of the effects of irradiation in the participants of emergency works at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP). Key words: ionizing radiation, cerebroophthalmic effects, neurocognitive deficit, radiation accident, radiation cataracts, macular degeneration.

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Using a Temperature-Switching Approach to Evaluate Low-Dose-Rate Ionizing Radiation Effects on SET in Linear Bipolar Circuits

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science ◽

10.1109/tns.2019.2908959 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (7) ◽

pp. 1557-1565 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shuai Yao ◽

Wu Lu ◽

Xin Yu ◽

Qi Guo ◽

Chengfa He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Dose Rate ◽

Radiation Effects ◽

Low Dose ◽

Low Dose Rate

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Low dose ionizing radiation effects on the immune system

Environment International ◽

10.1016/j.envint.2020.106212 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 106212 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katalin Lumniczky ◽

Nathalie Impens ◽

Gemma Armengol ◽

Serge Candéias ◽

Alexandros G. Georgakilas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Radiation Effects ◽

Low Dose

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Extracellular vesicles mediate low dose ionizing radiation-induced immune and inflammatory responses in the blood

International Journal of Radiation Biology ◽

10.1080/09553002.2018.1450533 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 12-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Tünde Szatmári ◽

Eszter Persa ◽

Enikő Kis ◽

Anett Benedek ◽

Rita Hargitai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Low Dose ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Radiation Induced

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Low dose ionizing radiation induced acoustic neuroma: A putative link?

Indian Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.4103/2277-9167.94377 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. 078-079

Author(s):

Sachin Borkar ◽

Deepak Agrawal

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Acoustic Neuroma ◽

Cumulative Dose ◽

Low Dose ◽

High Dose ◽

Atomic Reactor ◽

Radiation Induced

Abstract Although exposure to high dose ionizing radiation (following therapeutic radiotherapy) has been incriminated in the pathogenesis of many brain tumors, exposure to chronic low dose ionizing radiation has not yet been shown to be associated with tumorigenesis. The authors report a case of a 50-year-old atomic reactor scientist who received a cumulative dose of 78.9 mSv over a 10-year period and was detected to have an acoustic neuroma another 15 years later. Although there is no proof that exposure to ionizing radiation was the cause for the development of the acoustic neuroma, this case highlights the need for extended follow-up periods following exposure to low dose ionizing radiation.

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Metabolomic Studies of Tissue Injury in Nonhuman Primates Exposed to Gamma-Radiation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20133360 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (13) ◽

pp. 3360 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Amrita K. Cheema ◽

Khyati Y. Mehta ◽

Meena U. Rajagopal ◽

Stephen Y. Wise ◽

Oluseyi O. Fatanmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Radiation Effects ◽

Nonhuman Primates ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Predictive Biomarkers ◽

Whole Body ◽

Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽

Radiation Induced ◽

Over Time

Exposure to ionizing radiation induces a complex cascade of systemic and tissue-specific responses that lead to functional impairment over time in the surviving population. However, due to the lack of predictive biomarkers of tissue injury, current methods for the management of survivors of radiation exposure episodes involve monitoring of individuals over time for the development of adverse clinical symptoms and death. Herein, we report on changes in metabolomic and lipidomic profiles in multiple tissues of nonhuman primates (NHPs) that were exposed to a single dose of 7.2 Gy whole-body 60Co γ-radiation that either survived or succumbed to radiation toxicities over a 60-day period. This study involved the delineation of the radiation effects in the liver, kidney, jejunum, heart, lung, and spleen. We found robust metabolic changes in the kidney and liver and modest changes in other tissue types at the 60-day time point in a cohort of NHPs. Remarkably, we found significant elevation of long-chain acylcarnitines in animals that were exposed to radiation across multiple tissue types underscoring the role of this class of metabolites as a generic indicator of radiation-induced normal tissue injury. These studies underscore the utility of a metabolomics approach for delineating anticipatory biomarkers of exposure to ionizing radiation.

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