Low dose ionizing radiation effects on the immune system

Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) could affect the human brain and eyes leading to both cognitive and visual impairments. The aim of this paper was to review and analyze the current literature, and to comment on the ensuing findings in the light of our personal contributions in this field. The review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines by searching PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO and Google Scholar English papers published from January 2000 to January 2020. The results showed that prenatally or childhood-exposed individuals are a particular target group with a higher risk for possible radiation effects and neurodegenerative diseases. In adulthood and medical/interventional radiologists, the most frequent IR-induced ophthalmic effects include cataracts, glaucoma, optic neuropathy, retinopathy and angiopathy, sometimes associated with specific neurocognitive deficits. According to available information that eye alterations may induce or may be associated with brain dysfunctions and vice versa, we propose to label this relationship “eye-brain axis”, as well as to deepen the diagnosis of eye pathologies as early and easily obtainable markers of possible low dose IR-induced brain damage.

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Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation Effects in a Human Skin Model

Proteomes ◽

10.3390/proteomes2030382 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 382-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shawna Hengel ◽

Joshua Aldrich ◽

Katrina Waters ◽

Ljiljana Pasa-Tolic ◽

David Stenoien

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Human Skin ◽

Radiation Effects ◽

Low Dose ◽

Proteomic Profiling ◽

Skin Model

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Effects of adaptive response induced by low-dose ionizing radiation on immune system in spleen lymphocytes of BALB/C mice

Physica Medica ◽

10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.514 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 244 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Taghi Bahreyni Toossi ◽

Sepideh Abdollahi Dehkordi ◽

Mojtaba Sankian ◽

Hosein Azimian ◽

Maryam Najafi Amiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Adaptive Response ◽

Low Dose ◽

Spleen Lymphocytes

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Role of the immune system and inflammation in ionizing radiation effects

Cancer Letters ◽

10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.021 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 368 (2) ◽

pp. 154-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alexandros G. Georgakilas

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Radiation Effects

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Protracted low-dose ionizing radiation effects upon primate performance

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e539102008-001 ◽

1977 ◽

Author(s):

Donald J. Barnes

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Radiation Effects ◽

Low Dose

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Transient transcriptional response to low-dose ionizing radiation in humans undergoing IMRT

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.20018 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 20018-20018

Author(s):

Z. Goldberg ◽

S. R. Berglund ◽

J. Dai ◽

A. Santana ◽

D. M. Rocke

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Differential Expression ◽

Normal Tissue ◽

Radiation Effects ◽

Low Dose ◽

Threshold Model ◽

Differentially Expressed Gene ◽

Transcriptional Response ◽

Bmp Receptors

20018 Background: As intensity modulated radiation therapy techniques are increasingly utilized to treat cancer, the area of normal tissue exposed to ionizing radiation is increasing. The biologic risks associated with this normal tissue low dose exposure (LDIR) are fundamentally unknown and of concern to cancer survivors following therapy. Current modeling for health regulations presupposes a linear, no-threshold model of radiation effects, which estimates the effect and risk at low dose by extrapolation from measured effects at high doses. Cell culture models of ionizing radiation (RT) exposure show variable effects, not consistent with a linear dose-response relationship. We therefore undertook the first study to our knowledge of transcriptional effects of LDIR over time in vivo in solid tissue in humans. Methods: Tissue was collected at pre-RT, 3, 8, and 24 hours post-IR at sites receiving 10cGy. Transcriptional response at 3 and 8 hours were compared to the 0 and 24 hour time points. If transcripts are up regulated or down regulated at 3 and 8 hours compared with 0 and 24 hours, we have detected a transient response. The method of Rocke (2005), which was designed to detect differentially expressed gene groups using the responses of multiple probe sets corresponding to gene groups, was used to allow us to test whether there is differential expression for each patient separately, as well as for all the patients together. Results: Significant (p < 0.05) transient up regulation was shown in zinc finger proteins, keratins, BMP receptors, BAG, cyclins and BCL 6. Down regulation was detected in TNF, protein disulfide isomerase, interleukins, heat shock proteins, and S100. Nine gene groups did not show significant change; however, the number of significant gene groups (11) far exceeds the number expected by chance (2). In most cases in which a gene group was shown to be transiently altered, the tests of individual patients showed that most or all of the individuals also had differential expression of the same type. Conclusions: We have shown that it is possible to detect transient responses to LDIR in vivo in humans, and have identified eleven gene groups that demonstrate transient changes, as measured by a statistically principled analysis method. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Chronic low-level cadmium exposure in rats affects cytokine production by activated T cells

Toxicology Research ◽

10.1039/c8tx00194d ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 227-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alexandra E. Turley ◽

Joseph W. Zagorski ◽

Rebekah C. Kennedy ◽

Robert A. Freeborn ◽

Jenna K. Bursley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Immune System ◽

Low Dose ◽

Cytokine Production ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Cadmium Exposure ◽

Activated T Cells ◽

Low Level

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of subchronic, oral, low-dose cadmium exposure (32 ppm over 10 weeks) on the rat immune system. We found that cadmium exposure increased the induction of IFNγ and IL-10 in T cells activated ex vivo after cadmium exposure.

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A systematic review on the effect of low-dose radiation on hearing

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics ◽

10.1007/s00411-021-00926-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Srikanth Nayak ◽

Arivudai Nambi ◽

Sathish Kumar ◽

P Hariprakash ◽

Pradeep Yuvaraj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Low Dose ◽

Behavioral Symptoms ◽

National Council ◽

Low Dose Radiation ◽

Cochlear Function ◽

High Frequencies ◽

Dose Radiation

AbstractNumerous studies have documented the adverse effects of high-dose radiation on hearing in patients. On the other hand, radiographers are exposed to a low dose of ionizing radiation, and the effect of a low dose of radiation on hearing is quite abstruse. Therefore, the present systematic review aimed to elucidate the effect of low-dose ionizing radiation on hearing. Two authors independently carried out a comprehensive data search in three electronic databases, including PUBMED/MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SCOPUS. Eligible articles were independently assessed for quality by two authors. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used assess quality of the included studies. Two articles met the low-dose radiation exposure criteria given by Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) and National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP) guidelines. Both studies observed the behavioral symptoms, pure-tone hearing sensitivity at the standard, extended high frequencies, and the middle ear functioning in low-dose radiation-exposed individuals and compared with age and gender-matched controls. One study assessed the cochlear function using transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE). Both studies reported that behavioral symptoms of auditory dysfunction and hearing thresholds at extended high frequencies were higher in radiation-exposed individuals than in the controls. The current systematic review concludes that the low-dose ionizing radiation may affect the hearing adversely. Nevertheless, further studies with robust research design are required to explicate the cause and effect relationship between the occupational low-dose ionizing radiation exposure and hearing.

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Effects of exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation on changing platelets: a prospective cohort study

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12199-021-00939-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ning Liu ◽

Yang Peng ◽

Xinguang Zhong ◽

Zheng Ma ◽

Suiping He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Dose ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Dose Response ◽

Low Dose ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Dose Response Relationship ◽

Spline Models ◽

Cumulative Radiation Dose

Abstract Background Numerous studies have concentrated on high-dose radiation exposed accidentally or through therapy, and few involve low-dose occupational exposure, to investigate the correlation between low-dose ionizing radiation and changing hematological parameters among medical workers. Methods Using a prospective cohort study design, we collected health examination reports and personal dose monitoring data from medical workers and used Poisson regression and restricted cubic spline models to assess the correlation between changing hematological parameters and cumulative radiation dose and determine the dose-response relationship. Results We observed that changing platelet of 1265 medical workers followed up was statistically different among the cumulative dose groups (P = 0.010). Although the linear trend tested was not statistically significant (Ptrend = 0.258), the non-linear trend tested was statistically significant (Pnon-linear = 0.007). Overall, there was a correlation between changing platelets and cumulative radiation dose (a change of βa 0.008 × 109/L during biennially after adjusting for gender, age at baseline, service at baseline, occupation, medical level, and smoking habits; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.003,0.014 × 109/L). Moreover, we also found positive first and then negative dose-response relationships between cumulative radiation dose and changing platelets by restricted cubic spline models, while there were negative patterns of the baseline service not less than 10 years (− 0.015 × 109/L, 95% CI = − 0.024, − 0.007 × 109/L) and radiation nurses(− 0.033 × 109/L, 95% CI = − 0.049, − 0.016 × 109/L). Conclusion We concluded that although the exposure dose was below the limit, medical workers exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation for a short period of time might have increased first and then decreased platelets, and there was a dose-response relationship between the cumulative radiation dose and platelets changing.

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