scholarly journals Analysis of the Sequence Characteristics of Antifreeze Protein

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Yu-Hang Zhang ◽  
Zhandong Li ◽  
Lin Lu ◽  
Tao Zeng ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Antifreeze Protein ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Ice Binding ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Surface Active Material ◽  
Sequence Characteristics

Antifreeze protein (AFP) is a proteinaceous compound with improved antifreeze ability and binding ability to ice to prevent its growth. As a surface-active material, a small number of AFPs have a tremendous influence on the growth of ice. Therefore, identifying novel AFPs is important to understand protein–ice interactions and create novel ice-binding domains. To date, predicting AFPs is difficult due to their low sequence similarity for the ice-binding domain and the lack of common features among different AFPs. Here, a computational engine was developed to predict the features of AFPs and reveal the most important 39 features for AFP identification, such as antifreeze-like/N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase C-terminal, insect AFP motif, C-type lectin-like, and EGF-like domain. With this newly presented computational method, a group of previously confirmed functional AFP motifs was screened out. This study has identified some potential new AFP motifs and contributes to understanding biological antifreeze mechanisms.

Letter to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-519
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Hyaline Membrane ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Surface Active Material

Dr. Stevenson's observations concerning the association of amniotic fluid aspiration and hyaline membrane disease is quite interesting. Very little work, that we are aware of, has been done since these articles were published (1955 to 1958) to follow tip this theory. However, much work has been done to clarify the etiology of hyaline membrane disease. It is now well accepted that this clinical entity is directly related to the degree of immaturity of the lungs and the presence or absence of surface active material.

336. Surface activity and proteins of milk

1946 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Aschaffenburg
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Surface Active Material ◽  
Dilution Curves

As moderate dilution causes little change in the surface tension of milk, it is shown to be advantageous to use σ-dilution curves in place of the σ-values of the undiluted fluid as a characteristic of the surface properties of milk. The complications arising from the presence of the milk fat are described, and it is suggested that the influence of the fat is of a physical rather than of a chemical nature. A study of the role of the various milk proteins shows the casein to be of great importance, whilst the heat-coagulable proteins have little influence. The serum obtained after removal of the casein and heat-coagulable proteins contains a residual fraction of protein-like material which is markedly surface active though constituting only about 3% of the total milk proteins. The surface-active material (σ-proteose) has been concentrated and isolated, and its properties are described in some detail.

Isolation and assay of dipalmityl lecithin in lung extracts

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwyn S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Surface Active Material ◽  
Surface Balance

Lung extracts were obtained by either mincing the lungs in saline or by washing the lung with saline through the trachea. The surface tensions of the extracts on compression to 10% of the original area in a surface balance decreased to 7.5 ± 2.1 dynes/cm for rabbits, 10.0 ± 1.8 dynes/cm for dogs, and 6.8 ± 3.8 dynes/cm for man. The surface-active material in the extracts was completely precipitated with trichloroacetic acid. Ethyl or methyl alcohol extracted the activity from the precipitate. By concentrating and chilling the alcohol extract, a very surface-active white precipitate was obtained which was identified as dipalmityl phosphatidyl choline by melting point, chemical analysis, and paper chromatography. Cadmium chloride also precipitated a surface-active complex from the alcohol extract which was identified chemically as dipalmityl phosphatidyl choline. The quantity of hydrolecithin extracted from the lungs was 0.09–0.18% on a wet weight basis. No evidence of the presence of sphingomyelin or other surface-active phospholipid was obtained.

scholarly journals Within-Arctic horizontal gene transfer as a driver of convergent evolution in distantly related microalgae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G Dorrell ◽  
Alan Kuo ◽  
Zoltan Fussy ◽  
Elisabeth H Richardson ◽  
Asaf Salamov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Ice Binding ◽  
Ice Conditions

The Arctic Ocean is being impacted by warming temperatures, increasing freshwater and highly variable ice conditions. The microalgal communities underpinning Arctic marine food webs, once thought to be dominated by diatoms, include a phylogenetically diverse range of small algal species, whose biology remains poorly understood. Here, we present genome sequences of a cryptomonad, a haptophyte, a chrysophyte, and a pelagophyte, isolated from the Arctic water column and ice. Comparing protein family distributions and sequence similarity across a densely-sampled set of algal genomes and transcriptomes, we note striking convergences in the biology of distantly related small Arctic algae, compared to non-Arctic relatives; although this convergence is largely exclusive of Arctic diatoms. Using high-throughput phylogenetic approaches, incorporating environmental sequence data from Tara Oceans, we demonstrate that this convergence was partly explained by horizontal gene transfers (HGT) between Arctic species, in over at least 30 other discrete gene families, and most notably in ice-binding domains (IBD). These Arctic-specific genes have been repeatedly transferred between Arctic algae, and are independent of equivalent HGTs in the Antarctic Southern Ocean. Our data provide insights into the specialised Arctic marine microbiome, and underlines the role of geographically-limited HGT as a driver of environmental adaptation in eukaryotic algae.

Beta-receptors and surface active material flux in fetal lamb lung: female advantage

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 828-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Warburton ◽  
L. Parton ◽  
S. Buckley ◽  
L. Cosico ◽  
T. Saluna
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Female Advantage ◽  
Beta Agonists ◽  
Beta Receptors ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Surface Active Material

We correlated the ontogeny of pulmonary beta-adrenergic receptors with the onset of surface active material (SAM) flux into tracheal fluid of male and female chronically catheterized fetal lambs. SAM flux began between 0.82 and 0.85 gestation in the females and between 0.85 and 0.89 gestation in the males and matured more rapidly thereafter in the females than in the males (P less than 0.01). beta-Adrenergic receptor binding, using [3H]dihydroalprenolol as the ligand, was saturable, linear, and stereospecific. The order of potency of competitive beta-agonists was isoproterenol greater than norepinephrine greater than epinephrine. The maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of pulmonary beta-receptors approximately doubled between 0.84 and 0.89 gestation, coinciding with the onset of SAM flux. Bmax matured as a third degree polynomial function of gestational age in females (r = 0.9, P less than 0.001) but as a linear function in males (r = 0.8, P less than 0.005). Between 0.86 and 0.93 gestation, Bmax was 1.45-fold greater in females than males (P less than 0.001). The dissociation constant of beta-receptors was not influenced significantly by gender or gestation. We conclude that maturation of pulmonary beta-receptors coincides with the onset of SAM flux in fetal lambs and that both mature more rapidly in females. We speculate that pulmonary beta-receptor maturation and SAM flux are coregulated by hormonal factors. More rapid maturation of pulmonary beta-receptors and SAM flux in females may be a factor in the female advantage with regard to pulmonary surfactant maturation and the survival of premature neonates.

Isolation and chemical composition of surface-active material from human lung lavage

Lipids ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sadana ◽  
K. Dhall ◽  
S. N. Sanyal ◽  
A. Wali ◽  
R. Minocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Lung Lavage ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Surface Active Material

Paper 33: Hydrodynamics of Surface Films: Modelling Laws for Two-Phase Flows Containing Dilute Surfactant

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (8) ◽  
pp. 320-329
Author(s):  
D. B. R. Kenning
Keyword(s):  
Open Channel ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Surface Adsorption ◽  
Open Channel Flow ◽  
Surface Films ◽  
Two Phase Flows ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Surface Active Material

The presence of surface-active material may modify appreciably the flow patterns in two-phase flows. A frequently employed model for the surface adsorption process is used to derive similarity conditions for such flows. The limitations of this model are discussed in relation to the formation of surface films on open channel flow of water containing dilute surfactant.

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