scholarly journals A Study on the Influence of the Chemical Nature of Fillers on Rheological and Fatigue Behavior of Bitumen Emulsion Mastic

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4627
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Mohammedawi ◽  
Konrad Mollenhauer
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Ph Monitoring ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Damage Resistance ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Continuous Ph Monitoring ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
The Impact

Cold Bitumen Emulsion (CBE) mixture technologies have been recently developed to lower pavement construction temperatures to reduce environmental costs and control gas emissions. Due to its poor early mechanical strength, active fillers (i.e., cement) have been used to obtain high early stiffness in order to have the potential for timely construction of the next layer. There is, however, a lack of understanding about the impact of active fillers on the viscoelastic behavior and fatigue damage resistance of CBE mastics. This study, therefore, aims to identify the influence of active fillers on the rheological properties and the resulting fatigue behavior of CBE mastic, supported by chemical analysis for the filler-bitumen emulsion. For this aim, bitumen emulsion was mixed separately with seven fillers/blended fillers to prepare the CBE mastics. Various experiments, including continuous pH monitoring tests (chemical reactivity of filler-bitumen emulsion), Strain Sweep (SS) tests, Temperature-Frequency Sweep (TFS) tests, Time Sweep (TS) tests, and Linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS) tests were conducted on the CBE binder and the prepared mastics. Results show that the rheological performance and the fatigue damage resistance depend not only on the filler inclusions but also on filler type and chemistry. On this basis, the rise in complex shear modulus and the decrease in the viscous component is associated with a significant enhancement in fatigue performance for specific fillers.

scholarly journals A Study on The Influence of Chemical Nature of Fillers on Rheological and Fatigue Behaviour of Bitumen Emulsion Mastic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Mohammedawi ◽  
Konrad Mollenhauer
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Ph Monitoring ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Fatigue Behaviour ◽  
Damage Resistance ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Continuous Ph Monitoring ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Recently Cold Bitumen Emulsion (CBE) mixture technologies have been developed to lower the pavement construction temperatures to reduce the environmental costs and control the gas emissions. Due to its poor early mechanical strength, active fillers (i.e. cement) have been used to obtain high early stiffness in order to have the potential for timely construction of the next layer. There is, however, a lack of understanding about the impact of active fillers nature on viscoelastic behaviour and fatigue damage resistance of CBE mastics. This study, therefore, aims to identify the influence of active fillers on the rheological properties and the resulted fatigue behaviour of CBE mastic, supported by chemical analysis for the filler-bitumen emulsion. For this aim, bitumen emulsion was mixed separately with seven fillers/blended fillers to prepare the CBE mastics. Various experiments include continuous pH monitoring tests (chemical reactivity of filler-bitumen emulsion), Strain sweep (SS) tests, Temperature-Frequency Sweep (TFS) tests, Time Sweep (TS) tests, and Linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS) tests were conducted on the CBE binder and the prepared mastics. Results show that the rheological performance and the fatigue damage resistance is not only dependent on the filler inclusions, but it significantly relies on filler type and chemistry. Based on that, the raise in complex shear modulus and the decrease in viscous components were associated with a significant enhancement in fatigue performance for specific filler.

Tailored Mesoporous Silicas: From Confinement Effects to Catalysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Buchanan, III ◽  
Michelle K. Kidder
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Mesoporous Silicas ◽  
Surface Immobilization ◽  
Product Selectivity ◽  
Aryl Ether ◽  
Ether Linkage ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOrdered mesoporous silicas continue to find widespread use as supports for diverse applications such as catalysis, separations, and sensors. They provide a versatile platform for these studies because of their high surface area and the ability to control pore size, topology, and surface properties over wide ranges. Furthermore, there is a diverse array of synthetic methodologies for tailoring the pore surface with organic, organometallic, and inorganic functional groups. In this paper, we will discuss two examples of tailored mesoporous silicas and the resultant impact on chemical reactivity. First, we explore the impact of pore confinement on the thermochemical reactivity of phenethyl phenyl ether (PhCH2CH2OPh, PPE), which is a model of the dominant β-aryl ether linkage present in lignin derived from woody biomass. The influence of PPE surface immobilization, grafting density, silica pore diameter, and presence of a second surface-grafted inert “spacer” molecule on the product selectivity has been examined. We will show that the product selectivity can be substantially altered compared with the inherent gas-phase selectivity. Second, we have recently initiated an investigation of mesoporous silica supported, heterobimetallic oxide materials for photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide. Through surface organometallic chemistry, isolated M-O-M’ species can be generated on mesoporous silicas that, upon irradiation, form metal to metal charge transfer bands capable of converting CO2 into CO. Initial results from studies of Ti(IV)-O-Sn(II) on SBA-15 will be presented.

Simulation of Impact Damage in Foam-Based Sandwich Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 569-570 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Dian Shi Feng ◽  
Francesco Aymerich
Keyword(s):  
Impact Damage ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
Sandwich Composites ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Damage Resistance ◽  
Damage And Fracture ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Impact Energies ◽  
The Impact

The paper describes the application of a 3D finite element model for prediction of impact induced damage in sandwich composites consisting of laminated skins bonded to a closed cell foam core. The major damage and fracture mechanisms typically developing in transversally loaded sandwich composites were simulated in the model. The model was implemented in the FE package ABAQUS/Explicit and used to predict the impact damage resistance of sandwich panels with different core densities, core thicknesses, and skins layups. Numerical results obtained by FE simulations were compared with experimental data and observations collected through impact tests carried out at various impact energies.

Damage Development in CFRP Laminates under Impact Loading

2006 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 1833-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Min Jang ◽  
Tadaharu Adachi ◽  
Akihiko Yamaji
Keyword(s):  
Impact Damage ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Damage Development ◽  
Damage Resistance ◽  
Cfrp Laminates ◽  
Impact Tester ◽  
Weight Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Delamination Area

The development characteristics of impact-induced damage in carbon-fiber-reinforcedplastics (CFRP) laminates were experimentally studied using a drop-weight impact tester. Five types of CFRP laminates were used to investigate the effect of stacking sequences and thicknesses. The efficiency of absorbed energy to impact energy was different for CFRP laminates with different stacking sequences or thicknesses. The DA/AE ratio of delamination area (DA) to absorbed energy (AE) was almost the same for CFRP laminates with the same stacking sequence regardless of the thickness. We found that the DA/AE ratio could be used as a parameter to characterize the impact damage resistance in CFRP laminates with different stacking sequences.

Assessment of gastric acidity in intensive care patients: Intermittent pH registration cannot replace continuous pH monitoring

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. M. Bonten ◽  
C. A. Gaillard ◽  
R. W. Stockbrügger ◽  
F. H. van Tiel ◽  
S. van der Geest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Gastric Acidity ◽  
Ph Monitoring ◽  
Intensive Care Patients ◽  
Continuous Ph Monitoring

The Influence of Microstructure Heterogeneities on the Very High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 255-258
Author(s):  
Ulrich Krupp ◽  
Marcus Söker ◽  
Tina Waurischk ◽  
Alexander Giertler ◽  
Benjamin Dönges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Cyclic Plasticity ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Very High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Very High

As being used for structural applications, where a high corrosion resistance is required, the fatigue behavior of duplex stainless steels (DSS) is governed by the partition of cyclic plasticity to the two phases, ferrite and austenite, respectively. Under very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) loading conditions, the heterogeneous distribution of crystallographic misorientations between neighboring grains and phases yields to a pronounced scatter in fatigue life, ranging from 1 million to 1 billion cycles for nearly the same stress amplitude. In addition, the relevant damage mechanisms depend strongly on the atmosphere. Stress corrosion cracking in NaCl-containing atmosphere causes a pronounced decrease in the VHCF life. By means of ultrasonic fatigue testing at 20kHz in combination with high resolution scanning electron microscopy, electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD), focused ion beam milling (FIB) and synchrotron tomography, the microstructure heterogeneities were quantified and correlated with local fatigue damage. It has been shown that the fatigue process is rather complex, involving redistribution of residual stresses and three-dimensional barrier effects of the various interfaces. The application of a 2D/3D finite element model allows a qualitative prediction of the fatigue-damage process in DSS that is controlled by stochastic local microstructure arrangements.

scholarly journals Assessment of Eco-Friendly Pavement Construction and Maintenance Using Multi-Recycled RAP Mixtures

Recycling ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
David Vandewalle ◽  
Vítor Antunes ◽  
José Neves ◽  
Ana Cristina Freire
Keyword(s):  
Pavement Management ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lca Results

The demand for more sustainable solutions has led an ever-growing number of stakeholders to being committed to pursue the principles of sustainability in pavement management. Different stakeholders have been looking for tools and methodologies to evaluate the environmental impacts of the solutions, for which the life cycle assessment (LCA) proved to be an appropriate methodology. This paper is focused on the LCA of road pavement multi-recycling based on the use of bituminous mixtures with high rates of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). In order to promote the circular economy, a comparative analysis was performed on a road pavement section by taking into account different scenarios, which stem from the combination of production, construction and rehabilitation activities incorporating different RAP rates in new bituminous mixtures: 0% (as reference), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively. LCA results have been expressed in terms of four damage categories: human health, ecosystem quality, climate change and resources. Results have shown that both recycled and multi-recycled bituminous mixtures lead to substantial benefits in comparison with the solution employing virgin materials, hence embodying a sustainable approach. The benefits grow with the increase in the RAP rate with an average decrease of 19%, 23%, 31% and 33% in all the impact categories for a 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of RAP rate.

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