scholarly journals Evaluation of Gamma Radiation Properties of Four Types of Surgical Stainless Steel in the Energy Range of 17.50–25.29 keV

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6873
Author(s):  
Mohammad Marashdeh ◽  
Ibrahim F. Al-Hamarneh
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Effective Electron ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Radiation Properties ◽  
Experimental Values

In this study, the gamma radiation properties of four types of surgical-grade stainless steel (304, 304L, 316 and 316L) were investigated. The effective atomic number Zeff, effective electron density Neff and half-value layer (HVL) of four types of surgical-grade stainless steel were determined via the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ). The μ/ρ coefficients were determined experimentally using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique and theoretically via the WinXCOM program. The Kα1 of XRF photons in the energy range between 17.50 and 25.29 keV was used from pure metal plates of molybdenum (Mo), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag) and tin (Sn). A comparison between the experimental and theoretical values of μ/ρ revealed that the experimental values were lower than the theoretical calculations. The relative differences between the theoretical and experimental values were found to decrease with increasing photon energy. The lowest percentage difference between the experimental and theoretical values of μ/ρ was between −6.17% and −9.76% and was obtained at a photon energy of 25.29 keV. Sample 316L showed the highest value of μ/ρ at the energies 21.20, 22.19 and 25.29 keV. In addition, the measured results of Zeff and Neff for all samples behaved similarly in the given energy range and were found to be in good agreement with the calculations. The equivalent atomic number (Zeff) of the investigated stainless-steel samples was calculated using the interpolation method to compare the samples at the same source energy. The 316L stainless steel had higher values of μ/ρ, Zeff and Zeq and lower values of HVL compared with the other samples. Therefore, it is concluded that the 316L sample is more effective in absorbing gamma radiation.

scholarly journals Energy Absorption and Exposure Buildup Factors of Essential Amino Acids

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ertuğrul Bursalıoğlu ◽  
Begüm Balkan ◽  
H. Birtan Kavanoz ◽  
Mustafa Okutan ◽  
Orhan İçelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Effective Electron ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Effective Atomic Numbers ◽  
Buildup Factors

The effective atomic number and effective electron density in amino acids are of significant interest due to their use in various applications. The energy absorption buildup factors, exposure buildup factors, effective atomic numbers, and electron densities of essential amino acids such as Leucine (C6H13NO2), Lysine (C6H14N2O2), Methionine (C5H11NO2S), Phenylalanine (C9H11NO2), Threonine (C4H9NO3), Tryptophan (C11H12N2O2), Valine (C5H11NO2), Arginine (C6H14N4O2), and Histidine (C6H9N3O2) were determined theoretically in the energy range 0.015–15 MeV.

scholarly journals Investigation of Novel Composite Material Based on Extra-Heavy Concrete and Basalt Fiber for Gamma Radiation Protection Properties

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
І. Romanenko ◽  
M. Holiuk ◽  
A. Nosovsky ◽  
V. Hulik
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Effective Electron

The paper presents a new composite material for radiation protection based on extra-heavy concrete reinforced by basalt fiber. Basalt fiber is a new material for concrete reinforcement, which provides improved mechanical characteristics of concrete, reduces the level of microcracks and increases the durability of concrete. Within the scope of present work, the gamma-ray radiation protection properties of concrete reinforced with basalt fiber was modeled. Two types of extra-heavy concrete were used for this paper. The main gamma-ray attenuation coefficients such as mean atomic number, mean atomic mass, mean electron density, effective atomic number, effective electron density, Murty effective atomic number were analyzed with help of WinXCom software. It has been shown that the addition of basalt fiber to concrete does not impair its gamma-ray radiation shielding properties. With increasing the basalt fiber dosage in concrete, the radiation properties against gamma radiation are improved. This research was carried out with the financial support of the IAEA, within the terms and conditions of the Research Contract 20638 in the framework of the Coordinated Research Project (CRP) “Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) Applications and use of Low-Enriched Uranium in ADS (T33002)” within the project “The Two-Zone Subcritical Systems with Fast and Thermal Neutron Spectra for Transmutation of Minor Actinides and Long-Lived Fission Products”.

Transmittance performance of polypropylene, poly-para-xylylene and polycarbonate films in the photon energy range from 1 eV to 10 keV

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Heinz Stephan ◽  
Claus Reppin ◽  
Hans-Joerg Maier ◽  
Dagmar Frischke ◽  
Detlef Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Photon Energy Range

VUV photoionization of acetamide studied by electron/ion coincidence spectroscopy in the 8–24 eV photon energy range

2012 ◽  
Vol 393 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schwell ◽  
Yves Bénilan ◽  
Nicolas Fray ◽  
Marie-Claire Gazeau ◽  
Et. Es-Sebbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Photon Energy Range ◽  
Vuv Photoionization ◽  
Coincidence Spectroscopy

Gamma Radiation Effects on Tritium Permeation Through Stainless Steel

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (2P2) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Longhurst ◽  
G. A. Deis ◽  
P. Y. Hsu ◽  
L. G. Miller ◽  
R. A. Causey
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Tritium Permeation

OSL in NaCl vs. TL in LiF for absorbed dose measurements and radiation quality assessment in the photon energy range 20 keV to 1.3 MeV

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Christiansson ◽  
Christian Bernhardsson ◽  
Therése Geber-Bergstrand ◽  
Sören Mattsson ◽  
Christopher L. Rääf
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Photon Energy Range ◽  
Radiation Quality ◽  
Dose Measurements

Measurements of the erosion of stainless steel, carbon, and SiC by hydrogen bombardment in the energy range of 0.5 – 7.5 keV

1976 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Behrisch ◽  
J. Bohdansky ◽  
G.H. Oetjen ◽  
J. Roth ◽  
G. Schilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Energy Range

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study on Gamma Rays and Fast Neutron Sensing Properties of GAGOC and CMO Scintillators for Shielding Radiation Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shams A. M. Issa ◽  
M. I. Sayyed ◽  
M. H. M. Zaid ◽  
K. A. Matori
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Fast Neutron ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Effective Electron ◽  
Geometrical Progression ◽  
Broad Energy Range ◽  
Removal Cross Section

The WinXCom program has been used to calculate the mass attenuation coefficients (μm), effective atomic numbers (Zeff), effective electron densities (Nel), half-value layer (HVL), and mean free path (MFP) in the energy range 1 keV–100 GeV for Gd3Al2Ga3O12Ce (GAGOC) and CaMoO4 (CMO) scintillator materials. The geometrical progression (G-P) method has been used to compute the exposure buildup factors (EBF) and gamma ray energy absorption (EABF) in the photon energy range 0.015–15 MeV and up to a 40 penetration depth (mfp). In addition, the values of the removal cross section for a fast neutron ∑R have been calculated. The computed data observes that GAGOC showed excellent γ-rays and neutrons sensing a response in the broad energy range. This work could be useful for nuclear radiation sensors, detectors, nuclear medicine applications (medical imaging and mammography), nuclear engineering, and space technology.

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