scholarly journals Direct Evidence of Ice Crystallization Inhibition by Dielectric Relaxation of Hydrated Ions

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6975
Author(s):  
Xiaoyuan Song ◽  
Lisheng Zhong ◽  
Jinghui Gao
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Dielectric Relaxation ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Ac Electric Field ◽  
Hydrated Ions ◽  
Crystallization Inhibition ◽  
Alternating Electric Field ◽  
Alternative Current ◽  
Field Cooling ◽  
Ice Crystallization

In this paper, the inhibition effect of an alternative current (AC) electric field on ice crystallization in 0.9 wt % NaCl aqueous solution was confirmed thermodynamically with characterization. An innovative experimental and analytical method, combining differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement with an externally applied electric field was created by implanting microelectrodes in a sample crucible. It was found that the ice crystallization, including pure ice and salty ice, was obviously inhibited after field cooling with an external AC electric field in a frequency range of 100 k–10 MHz, and the crystallization ratio was related to frequency. Compared with non-field cooling, the crystallization ratio of ice crystals was reduced to less than 20% when E = 57.8 kV/m and f = 1 MHz. The dielectric spectrum results show that this inhibition effect of an alternating electric field on ice crystal growth is closely related to the dielectric relaxation process of hydrated ions.

The Effect of Deterioration on Insulating Surface due to Flashover under AC Electric Field Stressed by Water Droplets

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 979-983
Author(s):  
Sackthavy Chandavong ◽  
Kittipong Tonmitr ◽  
Arkom Kaewrawang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Partial Discharge ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Humidity Effect ◽  
Insulator Surface ◽  
Ac Electric Field ◽  
Flashover Voltage ◽  
Alternative Current ◽  
Lower Voltage

This paper presents the effect of the flashover on insulating surface under alternative current (AC) electric field stressed by humidity factor. It is obviously demonstrated about the insulator deterioration due to an ageing, partial discharge (PD) when it is used in services. Epoxy resin with the water droplets is brought to test by high voltage AC until flashover voltage levels. The flashover level on insulator surface depends on the volume and the number of the water droplets. The highest flashover voltage is 52.2 kV for the insulator surface without humidity, but the lowest voltage is 43.5 kV for water droplets of 1, 2, 3 and 4 drops (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ml). Consequently, it leads to use the lower voltage respectively. The deformation of the water drop was oscillated, moved, elongated and broken up in to a several small drops on insulating surface. PD was the result of the flashover phenomena which causes the damage of the insulator. These results lead to protect the insulator surface under humidity effect from flashover phenomena.

Low frequency dielectric relaxation and light scattering under ac electric field of DNA solutions

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Sakamoto ◽  
Takashi Fujikado ◽  
Reinosuke Hayakawa ◽  
Yasaku Wada
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Dielectric Relaxation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ac Electric Field ◽  
Dna Solutions

Formation of Regular Domain Structures in Quenched Ferroelectrics Under the Influence of an External High-frequency Electric Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I. Stefanovich ◽  
O.Y. Mazur ◽  
V.V. Sobolev
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Domain Structure ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Regular Domain ◽  
Field Frequency ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Alternating Electric Field ◽  
Lithium Niobate Crystals

Introduction: Within the framework of the phenomenological theory of phase transitions of the second kind of Ginzburg-Landau, the kinetics of ordering of a rapidly quenched highly nonequilibrium domain structure is considered using the lithium tantalate and lithium niobate crystals as an example. Experimental: Using the statistical approach, evolution equations describing the formation of the domain structure under the influence of a high-frequency alternating electric field in the form of a standing wave were obtained. Numerical analysis has shown the possibility of forming thermodynamically stable mono- and polydomain structures. It turned out that the process of relaxation of the system to the state of thermodynamic equilibrium can proceed directly or with the formation of intermediate quasi-stationary polydomain asymmetric phases. Results: It is shown that the formation of Regular Domain Structures (RDS) is of a threshold character and occurs under the influence of an alternating electric field with an amplitude less than the critical value, whose value depends on the field frequency. The conditions for the formation of RDSs with a micrometer spatial scale were determined. Conclusion: As shown by numerical studies, the RDSs obtained retain their stability, i.e. do not disappear even after turning off the external electric field. Qualitative analysis using lithium niobate crystals as an example has shown the possibility of RDSs formation in high-frequency fields with small amplitude under resonance conditions

Simulation of TiO 2 particle trajectory in AC electric field

2015 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Riahifar ◽  
Babak Raissi ◽  
Cyrus Zamani ◽  
Ehsan Marzbanrad
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Particle Trajectory ◽  
Ac Electric Field
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