scholarly journals X-ray Emission Hazards from Ultrashort Pulsed Laser Material Processing in an Industrial Setting

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7163
Author(s):  
Ulf Stolzenberg ◽  
Mayka Schmitt Rahner ◽  
Björn Pullner ◽  
Herbert Legall ◽  
Jörn Bonse ◽  
...  

Interactions between ultrashort laser pulses with intensities larger than 1013 W/cm2 and solids during material processing can lead to the emission of X-rays with photon energies above 5 keV, causing radiation hazards to operators. A framework for inspecting X-ray emission hazards during laser material processing has yet to be developed. One requirement for conducting radiation protection inspections is using a reference scenario, i.e., laser settings and process parameters that will lead to an almost constant and high level of X-ray emissions. To study the feasibility of setting up a reference scenario in practice, ambient dose rates and photon energies were measured using traceable measurement equipment in an industrial setting at SCHOTT AG. Ultrashort pulsed (USP) lasers with a maximum average power of 220 W provided the opportunity to measure X-ray emissions at laser peak intensities of up to 3.3 × 1015 W/cm2 at pulse durations of ~1 ps. The results indicate that increasing the laser peak intensity is insufficient to generate high dose rates. The investigations were affected by various constraints which prevented measuring high ambient dose rates. In this work, a list of issues which may be encountered when performing measurements at USP-laser machines in industrial settings is identified.

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Legall ◽  
Christoph Schwanke ◽  
Simone Pentzien ◽  
Günter Dittmar ◽  
Jörn Bonse ◽  
...  

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lawrence

Five radiation sources were used to induce mutations in barley. All treatments were given at a dosage of 10,000 r. equivalent. The radiation sources with their respective dose-rates in the region of the irradiated seeds were: a betatron (181.8 r./min.), an X-ray machine (201 r./min.), radium-beryllium (5.3 r./min.), and two Co60 sources (4.5 r./min. and 75.75 r./min.). None of the radiation sources used was more effective than the X-ray treatment in producing mutations. The betatron and the high dose-rate treatments from Co60 appear to be somewhat less effective than X-rays. Over 30 different mutant types were produced, including a number of vital mutants, such as stiff-strawed and early-maturing types. These appear promising as new varieties, but require further agronomic evaluation. It is concluded that mutation induction will become a useful new approach for plant breeders.


Author(s):  
Ramin Sattari ◽  
Stephan Barcikowski ◽  
Thomas Püster ◽  
Andreas Ostendorf ◽  
Heinz Haferkamp

1969 ◽  
Vol 42 (494) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Berry ◽  
Eric J. Hall ◽  
David W. Forster ◽  
Thomas H. Storr ◽  
Michael J. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.O. Kovaleva ◽  
S.N. Grigoriev ◽  
A.V. Gusarov

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