scholarly journals Starch as the Flame Retardant for Electrolytes in Lithium-Ion Cells

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Marita Pigłowska ◽  
Beata Kurc ◽  
Łukasz Rymaniak
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Test Flash ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Kinetic And Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

The main purpose of this work is to illustrate the flame retardant properties of corn starch that is used as an additive to the classic electrolytes in lithium-ion cells. The advantages of using natural biomass include the increased biodegradability of the cell, compliance with the slogan of green chemistry, as well as the widespread availability and easy isolation of this ingredient. Due to the non-Newtonian properties of starch, it increases work safety and prevents the occurrence of thermal runaway as a shear-thinning fluid in the event of a collision. Thus, its use may, in the future, prevent explosions that affect electric cars with lithium-ion batteries without significantly degrading the electrochemical parameters of the cell. In the manuscript, the viscosity test, flash point measurements, the SET (self-extinguishing time) test and conductivity measurements were performed, in addition to the determination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for the anode system. Additionally, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, for both flow and conductivity, were determined for a deeper analysis; this constitutes the scientific novelty of this study. Through mathematical analysis, it was shown that the optimal amount of added starch is 5%. This is supported primarily by the determined kinetic and thermodynamic parameters and the fact that the system did not gel during heating.

scholarly journals Introduction to Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Measurement Method for the Wetting Degree of Lithium-Ion Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 (14) ◽  
pp. A3249-A3256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian J. Günter ◽  
Jan Bernd Habedank ◽  
David Schreiner ◽  
Tobias Neuwirth ◽  
Ralph Gilles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells

Synthesis of Flame-retardant Phosphaphenanthrene Derivatives with High Phosphorus Contents

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyun Zheng ◽  
Yujian Yu ◽  
Lulu Zhang ◽  
Xiaomin Zhen ◽  
Yufen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
High Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorylation Reaction ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

Two novel types of phosphate derivatives of phosphaphenanthrene with a high phosphorus content were prepared by phosphorylation reaction between either 2-(6-oxido-6H-dibenz<c,e><1,2>oxaphosphorin-6-yl)-methanol (ODOPM) or 2-(6-oxido-6H-dibenz<c,e><1,2>oxaphosphorin-6-yl)-1,4-benzenediol (ODOPB) and dialkyl phosphoryl chloride. The structures of all compounds were characterised by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The thermal stability of representative compounds was determined by thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that the compounds have excellent resistance to oxidation, high thermal stability with an onset decomposition temperature above 200°C, and a high char yield over 25 %, owing to the high P content. The representative compound was added to conventional electrolytes of lithium-ion batteries as flame retardant additive, and the self-extinguishing time and ionic conductivity were measured. The result showed that the compounds have effective flame retardant properties.

scholarly journals Challenges for Safe Electrolytes Applied in Lithium-Ion Cells—A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6783
Author(s):  
Marita Pigłowska ◽  
Beata Kurc ◽  
Maciej Galiński ◽  
Paweł Fuć ◽  
Michalina Kamińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Composite Polymer ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Power And Energy

The aspect of safety in electronic devices has turned out to be a huge challenge for the world of science. Thus far, satisfactory power and energy densities, efficiency, and cell capacities have been achieved. Unfortunately, the explosiveness and thermal runaway of the cells prevents them from being used in demanding applications such as electric cars at higher temperatures. The main aim of this review is to highlight different electrolytes used in lithium-ion cells as well as the flammability aspect. In the paper, the authors present liquid inorganic electrolytes, composite polymer–ceramic electrolytes, ionic liquids (IL), polymeric ionic liquids, polymer electrolytes (solvent-free polymer electrolytes (SPEs), gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), and composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs)), and different flame retardants used to prevent the thermal runaway and combustion of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Additionally, various flame tests used for electrolytes in LIBs have been adopted. Aside from a detailed description of the electrolytes consumed in LIBs. Last section in this work discusses hydrogen as a source of fuel cell operation and its practical application as a global trend that supports green chemistry.

scholarly journals Impedance Based Temperature Estimation of Lithium Ion Cells Using Artificial Neural Networks

Batteries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Marco Ströbel ◽  
Julia Pross-Brakhage ◽  
Mike Kopp ◽  
Kai Peter Birke
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Temperature Estimation ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Artificial Neural

Tracking the cell temperature is critical for battery safety and cell durability. It is not feasible to equip every cell with a temperature sensor in large battery systems such as those in electric vehicles. Apart from this, temperature sensors are usually mounted on the cell surface and do not detect the core temperature, which can mean detecting an offset due to the temperature gradient. Many sensorless methods require great computational effort for solving partial differential equations or require error-prone parameterization. This paper presents a sensorless temperature estimation method for lithium ion cells using data from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in combination with artificial neural networks (ANNs). By training an ANN with data of 28 cells and estimating the cell temperatures of eight more cells of the same cell type, the neural network (a simple feed forward ANN with only one hidden layer) was able to achieve an estimation accuracy of ΔT= 1 K (10 ∘C <T< 60 ∘C) with low computational effort. The temperature estimations were investigated for different cell types at various states of charge (SoCs) with different superimposed direct currents. Our method is easy to use and can be completely automated, since there is no significant offset in monitoring temperature. In addition, the prospect of using the above mentioned approach to estimate additional battery states such as SoC and state of health (SoH) is discussed.

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