Statistical Optimization for Acid Hydrolysis of Microcrystalline Cellulose and Its Physiochemical Characterization by  Using Metal Ion Catalyst

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a chemically pure product of cellulose mechano-chemical conversion. It is a white powder composed of the short fragments of the plant cells widely used in the modern food industry and pharmaceutics. The acid hydrolysis of the bleached lignin-free cellulose raw is the main and necessary stage of MCC production. For this reason, the acid hydrolysis is generally accepted to be the driving force of the fragmentation of the initial cellulose fibers into MCC particles. However, the low sensibility of the MCC properties to repeating the hydrolysis forces doubting this point of view. The sharp, cleave-looking edges of the MCC particles suggesting the initial cellulose fibers were fractured; hence the hydrolysis made them brittle. Zhurkov showed that mechanical stress decreases the activation energy of the polymer fracture, which correlates with the elevated enthalpy of the MCC thermal destruction compared to the initial cellulose.

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Metal ion catalysed acid hydrolysis of acidopentaammine cobalt(III) complexes

Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry ◽

10.1016/0022-1902(75)80847-5 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 37 (10) ◽

pp. 2139-2144 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A.C. Dash ◽

R.K. Nanda

Keyword(s):

Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Hydrolysis Of

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Analysis on Impact of Acid Hydrolysis on the Hydrogen Bonding Network in Cellulose to Obtain Microcrystalline Cellulose: A Statistical Approach

10.21203/rs.3.rs-790401/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vishnu Prabha Muthusamy ◽

Vaideki Krishnakumar

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Bonding ◽

Hydrogen Bonds ◽

Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Cellulose Microfibrils ◽

Degree Of Crystallinity ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

X Ray ◽

Hydrogen Bonding Network ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Hydrolysis of a cellulose biomass results in breaking down the cellulose microfibrils into microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) or nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) depending on the reaction conditions. Cellulose microfibrils are established robustly due to the synergistic interaction of van der Waals, inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds and glycosidic bond between glucan moieties of cellulose polysaccharide. The hydrogen bonding network plays a crucial role in conforming cellulose chains into crystalline and amorphous region thereby determining its degree of crystallinity. The knowledge of hydrogen bonds in cellulose hence becomes indispensable to understand the crystallinity of cellulose before and after a hydrolysis reaction. However, the nature of hydrogen bonds after hydrolysis and how they contribute to the mechanical properties of resultant MCC/NCC are yet to be realized. This paper is therefore intended to discuss the degree of crystallinity of cellulose particles obtained after hydrolyzing waste cotton fibers (WCF) in two parts: part I, obtaining MCC with maximum total crystallinity index (TCI) by acid hydrolysis of WCF using Box Behnken Design; part II, comparing degree of crystallinity of MCC sample exhibiting highest TCI with that of WCF using analytical tools like X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer, X-ray Diffractometer and Fourier Transform Infra- Red spectrometer. The physical dimension of MCC particle with maximum TCI has been verified using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic images.

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Kinetic investigation of dilute acid hydrolysis of hardwood pulp for microcrystalline cellulose production

Carbohydrate Research ◽

10.1016/j.carres.2020.107910 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 488 ◽

pp. 107910 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nikolay Yavorov ◽

Ivo Valchev ◽

Greta Radeva ◽

Desislava Todorova

Keyword(s):

Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Kinetic Investigation ◽

Dilute Acid ◽

Dilute Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Cellulose Production ◽

Hardwood Pulp ◽

Hydrolysis Of

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Effects of acid hydrolysis waste liquid recycle on preparation of microcrystalline cellulose

Green Processing and Synthesis ◽

10.1515/gps-2019-0002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 348-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Huijuan Xiu ◽

Rui Cheng ◽

Jinbao Li ◽

Feiyan Ma ◽

Te Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Metal Accumulation ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Amorphous Cellulose ◽

Successful Attempt ◽

The Impact ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Large amounts of acidic waste are produced on the industrial scale during hydrolysis of partially amorphous cellulose to produce microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The essential disposal and treatment of this highly acidic liquid wastes the acid feedstock and increases the production cost. To maximize the use of acid without sacrificing the MCC product quality, this project reports a successful attempt to recycle the acid hydrolysis waste liquid, focusing on the impact of waste recycling on MCC morphology and reducing sugar in the hydrolysate. The results showed that when the waste liquid is recycled 1-5 times, no metal accumulation occurred while cellulose particles remained intact, maintaining their shape and size. Their extent of crystallinity remained nearly constant, even increasing slightly with up to three cycles. The concentration of reducing sugar showed growth when recycling the waste liquid up to three times, although not quite to the levels that would allow for its cost-effective fermentation. The acid amount to be added at the start of each cycle was near 50% of that used on the first stage.

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