scholarly journals Zhurkov’s Stress-Driven Fracture as a Driving Force of the Microcrystalline Cellulose Formation

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2952
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Stovbun ◽  
Mariya G. Mikhaleva ◽  
Aleksey A. Skoblin ◽  
Sergey V. Usachev ◽  
Sergey N. Nikolsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Thermal Destruction ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pure Product ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a chemically pure product of cellulose mechano-chemical conversion. It is a white powder composed of the short fragments of the plant cells widely used in the modern food industry and pharmaceutics. The acid hydrolysis of the bleached lignin-free cellulose raw is the main and necessary stage of MCC production. For this reason, the acid hydrolysis is generally accepted to be the driving force of the fragmentation of the initial cellulose fibers into MCC particles. However, the low sensibility of the MCC properties to repeating the hydrolysis forces doubting this point of view. The sharp, cleave-looking edges of the MCC particles suggesting the initial cellulose fibers were fractured; hence the hydrolysis made them brittle. Zhurkov showed that mechanical stress decreases the activation energy of the polymer fracture, which correlates with the elevated enthalpy of the MCC thermal destruction compared to the initial cellulose.

scholarly journals Analysis on Impact of Acid Hydrolysis on the Hydrogen Bonding Network in Cellulose to Obtain Microcrystalline Cellulose: A Statistical Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Prabha Muthusamy ◽  
Vaideki Krishnakumar
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Network ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Hydrolysis of a cellulose biomass results in breaking down the cellulose microfibrils into microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) or nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) depending on the reaction conditions. Cellulose microfibrils are established robustly due to the synergistic interaction of van der Waals, inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds and glycosidic bond between glucan moieties of cellulose polysaccharide. The hydrogen bonding network plays a crucial role in conforming cellulose chains into crystalline and amorphous region thereby determining its degree of crystallinity. The knowledge of hydrogen bonds in cellulose hence becomes indispensable to understand the crystallinity of cellulose before and after a hydrolysis reaction. However, the nature of hydrogen bonds after hydrolysis and how they contribute to the mechanical properties of resultant MCC/NCC are yet to be realized. This paper is therefore intended to discuss the degree of crystallinity of cellulose particles obtained after hydrolyzing waste cotton fibers (WCF) in two parts: part I, obtaining MCC with maximum total crystallinity index (TCI) by acid hydrolysis of WCF using Box Behnken Design; part II, comparing degree of crystallinity of MCC sample exhibiting highest TCI with that of WCF using analytical tools like X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer, X-ray Diffractometer and Fourier Transform Infra- Red spectrometer. The physical dimension of MCC particle with maximum TCI has been verified using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic images.

Anaerobic Treatment of Pulp Mill Effluents

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Korczak ◽  
S. Koziarski ◽  
B. Komorowska
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Cellulose Production ◽  
Methane Generation ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A laboratory-scale study on the anaerobic treatment of selected pulp mill streams was carried out in a collaboration between the Research Institute for Environmental Protection and Designing Office of Water and Waste Disposal. Anaerobic treatment of effluents from acid hydrolysis of wood from sulfate cellulose production, and effluents from the sulfite cellulose fibers washing was investigated. The results indicated 80% COD removal and the average methane generation was found to be 340 Ncm3/gCOD removed in case of highly polluted (COD = 63 kgO2/m3) acid hydrolysis effluents. The waste from cellulose washing contained, beside sugars, alsorefractory compounds, such as high-molecular-mass lignin derivatives, resins and tannins. According to that, only 20-30% COD removal was obtained and the methane generation was 270-360 Ncm3/g COD removed.

Heterogeneous Acid Hydrolysis of Native Cellulose Fibers

1956 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1183-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Immergut ◽  
B. G. Rånby
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Native Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Effects of acid hydrolysis waste liquid recycle on preparation of microcrystalline cellulose

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijuan Xiu ◽  
Rui Cheng ◽  
Jinbao Li ◽  
Feiyan Ma ◽  
Te Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Amorphous Cellulose ◽  
Successful Attempt ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Large amounts of acidic waste are produced on the industrial scale during hydrolysis of partially amorphous cellulose to produce microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The essential disposal and treatment of this highly acidic liquid wastes the acid feedstock and increases the production cost. To maximize the use of acid without sacrificing the MCC product quality, this project reports a successful attempt to recycle the acid hydrolysis waste liquid, focusing on the impact of waste recycling on MCC morphology and reducing sugar in the hydrolysate. The results showed that when the waste liquid is recycled 1-5 times, no metal accumulation occurred while cellulose particles remained intact, maintaining their shape and size. Their extent of crystallinity remained nearly constant, even increasing slightly with up to three cycles. The concentration of reducing sugar showed growth when recycling the waste liquid up to three times, although not quite to the levels that would allow for its cost-effective fermentation. The acid amount to be added at the start of each cycle was near 50% of that used on the first stage.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS FROM PAPER WASTES. I. FROM WASTE NEWSPRINT PAPER AND CARDBOARD TO HIGH-GRADE CELLULOSE FIBERS

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Александра (Aleksandra) Михайловна (Mikhailovna) Михаилиди (Mikhailidi) ◽  
Вадим (Vadim) Иванович (Ivanovich) Маркин (Markin) ◽  
Нина (Nina) Ефимовна (Efimovna) Котельникова (Kotel'nikova) ◽  
Shahriar Karim Saurov
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
Powder Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Utilization of paper wastes as renewable resource of lignocellulosic constituents has the opportunity to promote a cleaner environment and to prepare valuable materials. This paper describes our study on an isolation of low-fiber powder cellulose from two grades of wastes as feedstocks: waste newsprint paper and cardboard wrapper through recycling including a thermal defibration, an alkali treatment with a solution of NaOH with a concentration from 0.03 to 1.00 М, a bleaching with a solution of Н2О2 with a concentration from 0.8 to 2.6 М followed with an acid hydrolysis of the pretreated species with a solution of HNO3 of 1.5 and 3.0 M. An impact of the pretreatment on sizes of fibers was evaluated with a stereoscopic microscopy. The powder celluloses obtained as a result of the acid hydrolysis exhibited the structure of cellulose I revealed with a WAXS method and were of a high-grade purity, according to EDXA. Sorption capacities of the powder celluloses from the waste cardboard and newsprint towards a dye methylene blue were 6.67 mg∙g-1 and 8.75 mg∙g-1 correspondingly.

scholarly journals Technology of enzymatic-acid hydrolysis of bone raw material in production of gelatine

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
R. A. Voroshilin
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Pharmaceutical Production ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Bone gelatin is an important and irreplaceable item widely used in the food industry and pharmaceutical production; it is also widely used in tissue engineering and other spheres. Due to widespread use of gelatin it is necessary to search for new safe and effective technologies for bone gelatin production. This research represents the results of enzymatic-acid hydrolysis of raw material in the process of gelatin production. The article presents the results of hydrolysis analyzes, the results of the main quality parameters of the obtained gelatin samples; and the major technological scheme for gelatin production is proposed here. As result of developed technology of enzymatic-acid hydrolysis of bone raw material with the ratio of raw material mass to the volume of solvent (HCl 1M and pepsin with an enzymatic activity of 40 units) as 1:9, duration of exposure: 180 minutes (3 hours), at the stage of demineralization, liming and de-ashing, we obtained samples of gelatin at yield rate of 12.1% from the initial mass of raw materials, which is 6.9% higher in comparison with the lowest yield of gelatin according to the proposed schemes. It is shown that the samples have a high protein mass fraction 91.4%, and a low fat mass fraction 0.4%, the obtained results indicate the high technological qualities of the obtained gelatin sample, this is also confirmed by high strength of gel according to Bloom scale, which value varies within the range of 290 ± 0.7 units.

scholarly journals Optimization of Selective Acid Hydrolysis of Cellulose for Microcrystalline Cellulose using FeCl3

BioResources ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbao Li ◽  
Xiangrong Zhang ◽  
Meiyun Zhang ◽  
Huijuan Xiu ◽  
Hang He
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of
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