scholarly journals Quantum Computing for Dealing with Inaccurate Knowledge Related to the Certainty Factors Model

Mathematics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Vicente Moret-Bonillo ◽  
Samuel Magaz-Romero ◽  
Eduardo Mosqueira-Rey

In this paper, we illustrate that inaccurate knowledge can be efficiently implemented in a quantum environment. For this purpose, we analyse the correlation between certainty factors and quantum probability. We first explore the certainty factors approach for inexact reasoning from a classical point of view. Next, we introduce some basic aspects of quantum computing, and we pay special attention to quantum rule-based systems. In this context, a specific use case was built: an inferential network for testing the behaviour of the certainty factors approach in a quantum environment. After the design and execution of the experiments, the corresponding analysis of the obtained results was performed in three different scenarios: (1) inaccuracy in declarative knowledge, or imprecision, (2) inaccuracy in procedural knowledge, or uncertainty, and (3) inaccuracy in both declarative and procedural knowledge. This paper, as stated in the conclusions, is intended to pave the way for future quantum implementations of well-established methods for handling inaccurate knowledge.

Author(s):  
Vicente Moret-Bonillo ◽  
Samuel Magaz-Romero ◽  
Eduardo Mosqueira-Rey

In this paper we try to demonstrate that the classical model of certainty factos for dealing with innacurate knowledge can be efficiently implemented in a quantum environment. For this, we assume that certainty factors are strongly correlated with the quantum probability. We first explore the certainty factors approach for inexact reasoning from a classical point of view. Next, we introduce some basic aspects of quantum computing, and we pay special attention to quantum rule-based systems. We then build a use case: an inferential network to be implemented in both, the classical approach and the corresponding quantum circuit. Both implementations have been used to compare the behavior of the classical and the quantum approaches when confronted with the same hypothetical case. We analyze three different situations: (1) Only Imprecision (which refers to inaccuracy in declarative knowledge or facts) is present in the use case, (2) Only Uncertainty (which refers to inaccuracy in procedural knowledge or rules) is present in the use case, and (3) Both Imprecision and Uncertainty are present in the use case. Finally, we analyze the results to reach a conclusion about the eventually intrinsic probabilistic nature of the certainty factors model and to pave the way for future quantum implementations of this method for handling inaccurate knowledge.


2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
Chen Jiamu

So far as we know, apparently the declarative knowledge interacts and combines with the procedural knowledge. But seen from a cognitively psychological point of view, il seems important, as this paper clairns,to make a distinction between these two aspects of knowledge. The implication of this distinction for teachers or educators lies in that it helps make clear what hurnan beings are endowed with, how differently they function, and how to adapt human beings more adequatety to what are offered with, in an attempt to help students optimize or maximize their learning results.According to the points suggested by this paper, being able to distinguish between the two types of knowledge can enhance teachers awareness of the teaching rnethods to be adopted, bring into full playmore positive factors of each of the two types of knowledge, and may reveal some more human potential resources to be tapped.


2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Jiamu

So far as we know, apparently the declarative knowledge interacts and combines with the procedura lknowledge. But seen from a cognitively psychological point of view, it seems important, as this paper claims, to make a distinction between these two aspects of knowledge. The implication of this distinction for teachers or educators lies in that it helps make clear what human beings are endowed with, how differently they function, and how to adapt human beings more adequately to what are offered with, in an attempt to help students optimize or maximize their learning results.According to the points suggested by this paper, being able to distinguish between the two types of knowledge can enhance teacher’s awareness of the teaching methods to be adopted, bring into full playmore positive factors of each of the two types of knowledge, and may reveal some more human potential resources to be tapped.


Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Dwivedi ◽  
Surya Prakash Tripathi

Background: Fuzzy systems are employed in several fields like data processing, regression, pattern recognition, classification and management as a result of their characteristic of handling uncertainty and explaining the feature of the advanced system while not involving a particular mathematical model. Fuzzy rule-based systems (FRBS) or fuzzy rule-based classifiers (mainly designed for classification purpose) are primarily the fuzzy systems that consist of a group of fuzzy logical rules and these FRBS are unit annexes of ancient rule-based systems, containing the "If-then" rules. During the design of any fuzzy systems, there are two main objectives, interpretability and accuracy, which are conflicting with each another, i.e., improvement in any of those two options causes the decrement in another. This condition is termed as Interpretability –Accuracy Trade-off. To handle this condition, Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEA) are often applied within the design of fuzzy systems. This paper reviews the approaches to the problem of developing fuzzy systems victimization evolutionary process Multi-Objective Optimization (EMO) algorithms considering ‘Interpretability-Accuracy Trade-off, current research trends and improvement in the design of fuzzy classifier using MOEA in the future scope of authors. Methods: The state-of-the-art review has been conducted for various fuzzy classifier designs, and their optimization is reviewed in terms of multi-objective. Results: This article reviews the different Multi-Objective Optimization (EMO) algorithms in the context of Interpretability -Accuracy tradeoff during fuzzy classification. Conclusion: The evolutionary multi-objective algorithms are being deployed in the development of fuzzy systems. Improvement in the design using these algorithms include issues like higher spatiality, exponentially inhabited solution, I-A tradeoff, interpretability quantification, and describing the ability of the system of the fuzzy domain, etc. The focus of the authors in future is to find out the best evolutionary algorithm of multi-objective nature with efficiency and robustness, which will be applicable for developing the optimized fuzzy system with more accuracy and higher interpretability. More concentration will be on the creation of new metrics or parameters for the measurement of interpretability of fuzzy systems and new processes or methods of EMO for handling I-A tradeoff.


Author(s):  
Christoph Strauss ◽  
Günter Bildstein ◽  
Jana Efe ◽  
Theo Flacher ◽  
Karen Hofmann ◽  
...  

Many studies in research deal with optimizing emergency medical services (EMS) on both the operational and the strategic level. It is the purpose of this method-oriented article to explain the major features of “rule-based discrete event simulation” (rule-based DES), which we developed independently in Germany and Switzerland. Our rule-based DES addresses questions concerning the location and relocation of ambulances, dispatching and routing policies, and EMS interplay with other players in prehospital care. We highlight three typical use cases from a practitioner’s perspective and go into different countries’ peculiarities. We show how research results are applied to EMS and healthcare organizations to simulate and optimize specific regions in Germany and Switzerland with their strong federal structures. The rule-based DES serves as basis for decision support to improve regional emergency services’ efficiency without increasing cost. Finally, all simulation-based methods suggest normative solutions and optimize EMS’ performance within given healthcare system structures. We argue that interactions between EMS, emergency departments, and public healthcare agencies are crucial to further improving effectiveness, efficiency, and quality.


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