scholarly journals Wind Power Extraction Optimization by Dynamic Gain Scheduling Approximation Based on Non-Linear Functions for a WECS Based on a PMSG

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 2028
Author(s):  
José Genaro González-Hernández ◽  
Rubén Salas-Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Gain Scheduling ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Non Linear

Mathematical models and algorithms for maximizing power extraction have become an essential topic in renewable energies in the last years, especially in wind energy conversion systems. This study proposes maximum power point tracking using gain scheduling approximations for an emulated wind system in a direct-drive connection. Power extraction is obtained by controlling the duty cycle of a Multilevel Boost Converter, which directly varies the rotational speed of a permanent magnet synchronous generator directly coupled to a three-phase induction motor that emulates the wind turbine. The system’s complexity is linked to the inherent non-linearities associated with the diverse electrical, mechanical, and power electronic elements. In order to present a synthesized model without losing the system dynamic richness, several physical tests were made to obtain parameters for building several mathematical approaches, resulting in non-linear dynamic equations for the controller gains, which are dependant on wind speed. Thirty real operational wind speeds considering typical variations were used in several tests to demonstrate the mathematical models’ performance. Results among these gain scheduling approaches and a typical controller constant gains mathematical model were compared based on standard deviations, absolute error, and the time for reaching the optimum generator angular speed related to every wind speed.

scholarly journals An MPPT Control of a PMSG-Based WECS with Disturbance Compensation and Wind Speed Estimation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6344
Author(s):  
Janusz Baran ◽  
Andrzej Jąderko
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Nonlinear Function ◽  
Variable Structure ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Simulation Research ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point

The paper presents simulation research on a variable structure control scheme of a small variable-speed fixed-pitch wind energy conversion system (WECS) with a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) in variable wind conditions. The WECS is connected to a power grid through two back-to-back voltage source converters (VSCs) with a DC link. The presented control algorithm is based on feedforward compensation of the wind turbine aerodynamic torque estimated using a linear disturbance observer (DOB). The torque estimate is employed to determine the effective wind speed, required for setting the reference angular speed, using numerical zero search of a nonlinear function. The simulation model, built in the Matlab/Simulink environment using the Simscape Electrical toolbox, includes the field-oriented control of the PMSG via the machine VSC, performed by cascaded angular velocity and current/torque PI controllers, as well as synchronization with the grid and the reactive power control via the grid VSC. The presented results are focused on the performance of the proposed control in the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operating region of the WECS for various wind speed profiles.

scholarly journals Power Extraction Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbine Systems Based on Direct Drive Synchronous Generator in All Operating Regimes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Errami ◽  
Abdellatif Obbadi ◽  
Smail Sahnoun ◽  
Mohammed Ouassaid ◽  
Mohamed Maaroufi
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Farm System

Due to the increased penetration of wind energy into the electrical power systems in recent years, the turbine controls are actively occupied in the research. This paper presents a nonlinear backstepping strategy to control the generators and the grid sides of a Wind Farm System (WFS) based Direct Drive Synchronous Generator (DDSG). The control objectives such as Tracking the Maximum Power (TMP) from the WFS, pitch control, regulation of dc-link voltage, and reactive and active power generation at varying wind velocity are included. To validate the proposed control strategy, simulation results for 6-MW-DDSG based Wind Farm System are carried out by MATLAB-Simulink. Performance comparison and evaluation with Vector Oriented Control (VOC) are provided under a wide range of functioning conditions, three-phase voltage dips, and the probable occurrence of uncertainties. The proposed control strategy offers remarkable characteristics such as excellent dynamic and steady state performance under varying wind speed and robustness to parametric variations in the WFS and under severe faults of grid voltage.

Solvent Polarity Studies of the Water+t-Butyl Alcohol and Water+t-Butylamine Binary Systems With the Solvatochromic Dyes Nile Red and Pyridinium-N-phenoxide Betaine, Refractometry and Permittivity Measurements

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK Kipkemboi ◽  
AJ Easteal
Keyword(s):  
Binary Systems ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Organic Cosolvent ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Polarity Parameters

The empirical solvent polarity parameters ENR and ET for the solvatochromic compounds Nile Red (1) and pyridinium-N-phenoxide betaine (2), respectively, have been determined as a function of composition for water+t -butyl alcohol and water+t-butylamine binary mixtures, over the whole composition range at 298 K. For both systems the two parameters vary with composition in a strongly non-linear fashion, and the polarity of the mixture decreases with increasing proportion of the organic cosolvent. The non-linear variation of the polarity parameters is attributed to water-cosolvent hydrophobic interactions at low cosolvent contents, and hydrogen-bonding interactions at higher cosolvent contents. Permittivity and refractive index have also been measured at 298 K for both systems, and both properties are strongly non-linear functions of composition.

Separate and/or simultaneous generations of non-linear functions inherent in non-ohmic resistivities

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Kobayashi∗ ◽  
Masaaki Ohkita ◽  
Michio Inoue ◽  
Masao Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Linear Functions ◽  
Non Linear

Measurement of Wiener kernels

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Yoshifusa Ito
Keyword(s):  
Differential Operator ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Linear Systems ◽  
Main Part ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linear Functionals ◽  
Wiener Kernels ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Non Linear Systems

Since the late 1960s Wiener's theory on the non-linear functionals of white noise has been widely applied to the construction of mathematical models of non-linear systems, especially in the field of biology. For such applications the main part is the measurement of Wiener's kernels, for which two methods have been proposed: one by Wiener himself and the other by Lee and Schetzen. The aim of this paper is to show that there is another method based on Hida's differential operator.

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