scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Flocculation of Silica and China Clay with Chitosan and Synthetic Polyelectrolytes

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Konstantin B. L. Borchert ◽  
Christine Steinbach ◽  
Simona Schwarz ◽  
Dana Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
China Clay ◽  
Flocculation Process

Flocculation is still one of the most important and efficient processes for water treatment. However, most industrial processes, such as in water treatment plants, still use huge amounts of synthetic polyelectrolytes for the flocculation process. Here we compare the flocculation of two different suspended particles, i.e., silica particles and china clay, with the biopolymer chitosan and two common strong synthetic polyelectrolytes. As a flocculant, chitosan featured a minimum uptake rate of 0.05 mg/g for silica and 1.8 mg/g for china clay. Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) for comparison possessed a minimum uptake rate of 0.05 mg/g for silica and 2.2 mg/g for china clay. Chitosan as an environmentally friendly biopolymer competes with the synthetic polyelectrolytes and thus represents a beneficial economic alternative to synthetic flocculants.

Diagnosing and optimizing water treatment processes by using particle counter: a case study in Korea

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Y. Han ◽  
J.S. Shim ◽  
Y.K. Chung ◽  
Y.H. Park
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Particle Counter ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
On Line ◽  
Design Deficiencies ◽  
Flocculation Process

The goal of the flocculation process is to change the particle size distribution to best suit the subsequent processes. Although several methods exist to evaluate the flocculation process, no single universally accepted method has yet to be developed. The purpose of this paper is to present experiences whereby particle counting was used in the diagnosis and optimization of the flocculation process. A commercially available on-line continuous particle counter has been used in evaluating the design and the operation of this process at two conventional Water Treatment Plants. The evaluation is based on particle dynamics, i.e., the change of the number of small and large particles. Some design deficiencies in the distribution channel and flocculation process have been identified from this method, and thus some operational parameters are suggested for optimum performance. Because the optimum condition may be site-specific, the method presented in this paper will be beneficial in the evaluation of the flocculation process at other water treatment plants.

scholarly journals Guazuma ulmifolia: an environmentally friendly coagulant aid for water treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1579-1585
Author(s):  
Leticia Cardoso Madureira Tavares ◽  
Alisson Carraro Borges ◽  
Teresa Cristina Fonseca da Silva ◽  
André Pereira Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Rotatable Design ◽  
Synthetic Water

Abstract In the present work the use of a promising novel coagulant aid, Guazuma ulmifolia, was optimized to treat synthetic water using central composite being highly efficient at rotatable design (CCRD). The factors evaluated for the coagulation-flocculation process were coagulants dosages and pH. A model to describe the coagulation-flocculation process was successfully obtained. The model was validated using 5 mg L−1 aluminum sulfate, 2.5 mg L−1G. ulmifolia and pH 9, achieving excellent agreement with observed values.

Determination of natural radionuclides in waste generated in the potable water treatment plants of the Zona da Mata of the state of Pernambuco- Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Muniz De Almeida Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
The United States ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Potable Water Treatment

The water purification procedure aims to obtain a product appropriate for human consumption, minimizing the presence of contaminants and toxic substances present in the water. Among these contaminants, some radionuclides of natural origin, such as uranium, thorium and their descendants, have been identified. Studies have shown that the stages of purification are quite effective in removing the radionuclides contained in water. The removal is due to co-precipitation of the radionuclides with the suspended materials and the precipitated material is accumulated and characterized as a Technologically Concentrated Natural Occurrence Radioactive Material (TENORM) by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This residue can present significant levels of radioactivity and, when discarded in the environment without any treatment, can generate a problem of environmental impact and a risk to the health of the population. In this way, some gamma emitters of the series of U, Th and the K-40 were determined in the residues generated at the Potable Water Treatment Plants – PWTPs in six municipalities of Pernambuco. The results obtain corroborate the classification of the residues generated in the PWTPs as concentrators of the radioactive components contained in the water supplied to the system and reinforce the need for the release to the environment, which is the usual way of disposal of this waste, to be carried out only after considering the radiological protection standards established.

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