The First Record of Echinococcus ortleppi (G5) Tapeworms in Grey Wolf (Canis lupus)

The aim of this study is to confirm the presence and molecular identification of Echinococcus tapeworms in wolves from south-eastern Poland. An investigation was carried out on the intestines of 13 wolves from south-eastern Poland. The small intestines were divided into three equal segments. Each segment was separately examined using the sedimentation and counting technique (SCT). The detected Echinococcus tapeworms were isolated and identified by PCRs and sequencing (nad1 and cox1 genes). Additionally, DNA isolated from the feces of wolves positive for Echinococcus tapeworms was examined with two diagnostic PCRs. The intestines of one wolf were positive for E. granulosus s.l. when assessed by SCT; the intestine was from a six-year-old male wolf killed in a communication accident. We detected 61 adult tapeworms: 42 in the anterior, 14 in the middle, and 5 in the posterior parts of the small intestine. The PCRs conducted for cox1 and nad1 produced specific products. A sequence comparison with the GenBank database showed similarity to the deposited E. ortleppi (G5) sequences. An analysis of the available phylogenetic sequences showed very little variation within the species of E. ortleppi (G5), and identity ranged from 99.10% to 100.00% in the case of cox1 and from 99.04 to 100.00% in the case of nad1. One of the two diagnostic PCRs used and performed on the feces of Echinococcus-positive animals showed product specific for E. granulosus. This study showed the presence of adult E. ortleppi tapeworms in wolves for the first time.

A case report of an outbreak of coccidiosis in a pig farm at Abeokuta

An outbreak of coccidiosis was reported in a pig farm housing four boars, six sows, twenty one growers and eleven piglets. Eleven neonatal piglets in two litters of three and five days old were suspected to be involved. Three (27%) out of eleven piglets presented signs of profuse foul smelling diarrhoea and pyrexia, while there was haemorrhagic diarrhoea in one and mortality was 9%. A diagnosis of coccidiosis was made based on the clinical signs, post mortem findings of ulceration and fibrinonecrotic enteritis and laboratory identification of 4,600 coccidial oocysts per gramme of faeces by Mc Master counting technique which were identified as Isospora suis. The two herds were treated with Tripple sulfa-Trim® in drinking water for three days. This medication was effective as the diarrhoea resolved within four days of its onset

Studies on dog population and its implication for rabies control

Dog population studies were carried out in Agbowo area, Ibadan. Oyo state using the street Counting Technique and Questionnaire Survey approaches. 17 dogs were observed on average through street counting technique, 719 houses and structures were identified both inhabited and uninhabited on 42 street networks. 25 households with 441 inhabitants responded positively to Questionnaire Survey. The ratio of household dogs to man and street dogs to man were 1:11 and 1:25 respectively. The level of rabies vaccination observed was 33.3% while only 5% of the dogs were immunized against canine distemper, hepatitis and leptospirosis. Four people were bitten either by their dog or other people's dog. 68% of the household dogs were outdoor most of the tinie and unleashed deriving their food from family food waste and scavenging about. In view of these observations there is need to embark on a nationwide dog population census for effective veterinary healthcare delivery system.

4 Quantitative Analysis of Reasoned Decisions and Awards

This chapter involves a large-scale, quantitative analysis of judicial decisions and arbitral awards. The chapter begins by describing the methodology used to create the data set and coding criteria before moving on to present demographic and background information on the various decisions and awards so as to lay a foundation for the substantive analysis. Findings from the coding exercise include information generated by a novel paragraph-counting technique as well as a citation count analysis of both legal and factual authorities. The exercise tracks a number of issues addressed in the survey and semi-structured interviews, thereby allowing triangulation of data.

Innovative Configuration Design of Two-Wire Tip Mechanisms for a Tipping-Bucket Rain Gauge

This paper evaluates the measurement accuracy of the three designs of an innovative Tipping-Bucket Rain Gauge (TBRG) tip mechanism. A water-level detecting circuit is used to replace the conventional reed switch sensor, which addresses the disadvantages of the magnetic sensing method that became a factor in quantification uncertainties. The TBRG configuration designs were the bucket-feed, which detects the presence of water inside the bucket, and the bottom-feed and the center-feed, which use the tip-impact method in measuring rainfall. The constant flow method is used in the experimentation. The bucket-feed shows potential in precision rainfall measurement for having -3.84% and -2.68% accuracy errors at 6 mL/min and 11 mL/min respectively, without correction algorithm applied. The tip-impact application for the bottom-feed and the center-feed resulted in a higher error percentage from the volumetric flow samples. The result indicates that actual detection in the bucket brings more measurement accuracy than the tip-counting technique.