scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Ankle Exercise with Combined Isotonic Technique for an Obese Subject with Plantar Fasciitis: A Case Study

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Sun Lee ◽  
Du-Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Obese Subject ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Pressure Pain ◽  
Therapeutic Exercises ◽  
Ankle Strength

Background and objectives: Obese people have many foot-related disorders and plantar fasciitis (PF) is the most common disorder among them. However, research on the role of therapeutic exercises in PF is lacking and there is no evidence to suggest its benefits. As such, a further insight into therapeutic exercises is needed within this group. This case study investigated the effect of three-dimensional (3D) ankle exercises using a combined isotonic (CI) technique on function and balance in an obese subject with PF. Material and methods: The subject in this study was a 28-year-old obese woman who was diagnosed with PF by an orthopedic surgeon. A 3D ankle exercise program was commenced three times a week for 15 min over 4 weeks. The evaluations were conducted at five intervals: pre-test, and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks from the initiation of the intervention. The tests were conducted in the following order: the patient-specific functional scale test (PSFS), an ultrasound of the plantar fascia, the heel pressure and balance test, the pressure pain threshold (PPT), and the 4-way ankle strength test. Results: The mean score of the PSFS test reduced by 70.55% after 4 weeks of the intervention. The thickness of the plantar fascia and heel pressure measured during single-leg standing decreased by 6.67% and 10.37%, respectively, after 4 weeks of the intervention. The anteroposterior and medial-lateral balance ability showed improvements of 8.29% and 8.61%, respectively, after 4 weeks of the intervention. The PPT improved by 38.01% after 4 weeks of the intervention. In the 4-way ankle strength test, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion increased by 14.46%, 9.63%, 4.3% and 13.25%, respectively, after 4 weeks of the intervention. Conclusion: 3D ankle exercises utilizing the CI technique were shown to be effective in improving foot function, pressure pain, and muscle strength in dorsiflexion and inversion in an obese patient with PF.

scholarly journals Effects of Two Foot-Ankle Interventions on Foot Structure, Function, and Balance Ability in Obese People with Pes Planus

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Du-Jin Park ◽  
Kyung-Sun Lee ◽  
Se-Yeon Park
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Foot Deformities ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Pes Planus ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Balance Ability ◽  
Ankle Strength

Obese people are prone to foot deformities such as flat feet. Foot management programs are important to prevent them. This study investigated the effects of two foot-ankle interventions on balance ability, foot arch, ankle strength, plantar fascia thickness, and foot functions in obese people with pes planus for four weeks. The experiment was designed as a randomized controlled trial. Twenty-four participants who met the inclusion criteria were selected, and they were randomly assigned to either a short foot group (SFG) or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation group (PNFG) according to foot-ankle intervention. Two interventions were commenced three times a week for 20 min over four weeks. The tests were conducted at two intervals: pre-intervention and at four weeks. The tests were conducted in the following order: the patient-specific functional scale test (PSFS), an ultrasound of the plantar fascia, the navicular drop test, balance test, and the four-way ankle strength test. Two groups showed significant differences in balance ability, foot arch, ankle strength, plantar fascia thickness, and foot functions between pre-test and post-test (p < 0.05). PNFG had significantly higher dorsiflexor and invertor strength than SFG (p < 0.05). SF and PNF interventions were effective to improve balance ability, foot arch, ankle strength, plantar fascia thickness, and foot functions in obese people with pes planus. Additionally, PNF intervention is more beneficial in increasing the dorsiflexor and invertor strength compared to SF intervention.

Using Might Splints in the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis in the Athlete

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Pezzullo
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Foot Injuries ◽  
Steroid Injections ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Night Splints ◽  
Surgical Release ◽  
Painful Heel

Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common foot injuries athletes sustain. The painful heel is the result of overloading and inflammation of the plantar fascia at its insertion into the medial process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus. Many different treatment approaches have been used to address this overuse problem. Treatment for plantar fasciitis has included decreased weight bearing, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), orthotics, arch taping, weight loss, steroid injections, ultrasound, ice, physical therapy, and surgical release. Clinically the use of night splints has been found to be very successful in the treatment of plantar fasciitis, as described in this case study.

PARTIAL TEAR OF PLANTAR FASCIA IN A PROFESSIONAL DANCER

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 1572001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Alagha ◽  
Nat Padhiar
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Partial Tear ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Uncommon Case ◽  
Biomechanics Of The Foot ◽  
Professional Dancer

Background: The foot is a complex area of the lower extremity because of anatomy and biomechanics. Plantar fascia is one of the most important structures in the foot because it plays an important role in support and maintaining the foot arch. Any plantar fascia abnormality can affect the gait and disturbs the biomechanics of the foot. Objective: The aim of this case study is to present an uncommon case of partial tear of plantar fascia in a 41-year-old female professional dancer who primarily presented with symptoms of plantar fasciitis. She was successfully treated conservatively. Method: The partial tear of plantar fascia in this patient was treated by Aircast Walker XP for six weeks and followed by extensive stretch exercises and physiotherapeutic procedures. Furthermore she received two ultrasound guided injections with a mixture of hydrocortisone and marcaine. Results: Following the conservative therapy, the pain alleviated significantly. The patient started dancing again after finishing the therapy without any complication. Conclusion: Partial tear of plantar fascia is a rare condition which should be considered in any patient who has been treated primarily for plantar fasciitis without any improvement. Partial tear of plantar fascia can be treated by conservative therapy and surgery should be considered as second plan.

scholarly journals Three-Spike Insole Can Substitute the Total Contact Insole (TCI) in Refractory Plantar Fasciitis: Randomized Control Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0044
Author(s):  
Dong Woo Shim
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Aofas Score ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported

Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Plantar fasciitis is one of the common foot complaints that is chronic and can induce dysfunction. Approximately 80% of patients improve with conservative management such as stretching exercise, ice bag massage, and splint. Refractory plantar fasciitis, unresponsive to conservative care for more than 6months, can be treated with insole, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, injection, and surgery etc. Total contact insole (TCI) is effective in reducing pain with just putting it in the shoes but quite expensive and time consuming for the custom production. Therefore, we produced alternative three-spike insole that can press about half of patient’s plantar fascia using 3-dimensional (D) printing and compared the clinical outcomes with it and TCI. Methods: A pragmatic, participant-blinded randomized trial was carried out from February 2019 to January 2020. Inclusion criteria was refractory plantar fasciitis and the duration of follow-up for each patient was 6 months. Three-dimensional printing used thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) for the material of insole and the hardness was 58 +- 5 Shore-A. Twenty-eight patients were randomly allocated to use a three-spike insole or a TCI (Figure 1). The following assessment tools were used; visual analog scale for pain, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), Karlsson- Peterson (KP) score, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) for quality of life, and Foot Function Index (FFI). The groups were evaluated by a blinded assessor at baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 weeks. Results: The groups were homogenous for the majority of variables at baseline. Overall patient reported satisfaction showed improvement from mean 5.2 (range, 1 - 12) weeks of wearing and patient’s wearing time in a day was mean 2.4 (range, 0.5 - 3.0) hours. All the subscales except for sports in FAOS and mental component summary in SF-36 showed significant improvement from 6 weeks in both groups. There was no significant difference in all parameters between both groups at 6 weeks but AOFAS score, some of FAOS subscales, KP score, SF-36, and FFI showed significantly better outcome in three-spike insole group at 12 weeks. Those significant differences in outcome parameters tended to diminish at 24 weeks. Conclusion: We reaffirmed that insole is effective in plantar fasciitis and showed the three-spike insole restores function rapidly comparing to TCI. Three-spike design that supports not the whole longitudinal arch but about half of it was efficient enough. We can manufacture the three-spike insole for the popularization that can lower the price and producing time.

Effectiveness of the Simultaneous Stretching of the Achilles Tendon and Plantar Fascia in Individuals With Plantar Fasciitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoomchai Engkananuwat ◽  
Rotsalai Kanlayanaphotporn ◽  
Nithima Purepong
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Complete Relief ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Pressure Pain ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Since the plantar fascia and the Achilles tendon are anatomically connected, it is plausible that stretching of both structures simultaneously will result in a better outcome for plantar fasciitis. Methods: Fifty participants aged 40 to 60 years with a history of plantar fasciitis greater than 1 month were recruited. They were prospectively randomized into 2 groups. Group 1 was instructed to stretch the Achilles tendon while group 2 simultaneously stretched the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia. Results: After 4 weeks of both stretching protocols, participants in group 2 demonstrated a significantly greater pressure pain threshold than participants in group 1 ( P = .040) with post hoc analysis. No significant differences between groups were demonstrated in other variables ( P > .05). Concerning within-group comparisons, both interventions resulted in significant reductions in pain at first step in the morning and average pain at the medial plantar calcaneal region over the past 24 hours, while there were increases in the pressure pain threshold, visual analog scale–foot and ankle score, and range of motion in ankle dorsiflexion ( P < .001). More participants in group 2 described their symptoms as being much improved to being completely improved than those in group 1. Conclusion: The simultaneous stretching of the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia for 4 weeks was a more effective intervention for plantar fasciitis. Patients who reported complete relief from symptoms at the end of the 4-week intervention in the simultaneous stretching group (n = 14; 56%) were double that of the stretching of the Achilles tendon–only group (n = 7; 28%). Level of Evidence: II, lesser quality RCT or prospective comparative study.

Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

Effectiveness of Calf Stretching Exercises Versus Plantar Fascia Stretching Exercises in Plantar Fasciitis: An Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Jasneet S. Chawla ◽  
Manjeet Singh ◽  
Ashwani Ummat ◽  
Manu Goyal ◽  
Harsimarjit Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Stretching Exercises

scholarly journals Numerical computation of blood flow for a patient-specific hemodialysis shunt model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surabhi Rathore ◽  
Tomoki Uda ◽  
Viet Q. H. Huynh ◽  
Hiroshi Suito ◽  
Toshitaka Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Arteriovenous Shunt ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Stabilized Finite Element ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning ◽  
Outflow Boundary ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

AbstractHemodialysis procedure is usually advisable for end-stage renal disease patients. This study is aimed at computational investigation of hemodynamical characteristics in three-dimensional arteriovenous shunt for hemodialysis, for which computed tomography scanning and phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging are used. Several hemodynamical characteristics are presented and discussed depending on the patient-specific morphology and flow conditions including regurgitating flow from the distal artery caused by the construction of the arteriovenous shunt. A simple backflow prevention technique at an outflow boundary is presented, with stabilized finite element approaches for incompressible Navier–Stokes equations.

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