scholarly journals The Fertility Indicator Equation Using Serum Progesterone and Urinary Pregnanediol-3-Glucuronide for Assessment of Ovulatory to Luteal Phase Transition

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Usala ◽  
María Elena Alliende ◽  
A. Alexandre Trindade
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Natural Family Planning ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Cluster A

Background and Objectives: The Fertility Indicator Equation (FIE) has been shown to signal the fertile phase during the ovulatory menstrual cycle. It was hypothesized that this formulation, a product of two sequential normalized changes with a sign indicating direction of change, could be used to identify the transition from ovulatory to luteal phase with daily serum progesterone (P) and urinary pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PDG) levels. Materials and Methods: Day-specific serum P levels from two different laboratories and day-specific urinary PDG levels from an additional two different laboratories were submitted for FIE analysis. These day-specific levels included mean or median, 5th, 10th, 90th and 95th percentile data. They were indexed to the day of ovulation, day 0, by ultrasonography, serum or urinary luteinizing hormone (LH). Results: All data sets showed a clear “cluster”—a periovulatory sequence of positive FIE values with a maximum. All clusters of +FIE signaled the transition from the ovulatory to luteal phase and were at least four days in length. The start day for the serum P and urinary PDG FIE clusters ranged from −3 to −1 and −3 to +2, respectively. The end day for serum P and PDG clusters went from +2 to +7 and +4 to +8, respectively. Outside these periovulatory FIE-P and FIE-PDG clusters, there were no consecutive positive FIE values. In addition, the maximum FIE-P and FIE-PDG values throughout the entire cycles were found in the clusters. Conclusions: FIE analysis with either daily serum P or urinary PDG levels provided a distinctive signature to recognize the periovulatory interval. The Fertility Indicator Equation served to robustly signal the transition from the ovulatory phase to the luteal phase. This may have applications in natural family planning especially with the recent emergence of home PDG tests.

Hypercapnic blood pressure response is greater during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 2142-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Edwards ◽  
I. Wilcox ◽  
O. J. Polo ◽  
C. E. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

Edwards, N., I. Wilcox, O. J. Polo, and C. E. Sullivan.Hypercapnic blood pressure response is greater during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5): 2142–2146, 1996.—We investigated the cardiovascular responses to acute hypercapnia during the menstrual cycle. Eleven female subjects with regular menstrual cycles performed hypercapnic rebreathing tests during the follicular and luteal phases of their menstrual cycles. Ventilatory and cardiovascular variables were recorded breath by breath. Serum progesterone and estradiol were measured on each occasion. Serum progesterone was higher during the luteal [50.4 ± 9.6 (SE) nmol/l] than during the follicular phase (2.1 ± 0.7 nmol/l; P < 0.001), but serum estradiol did not differ (follicular phase, 324 ± 101 pmol/l; luteal phase, 162 ± 71 pmol/l; P = 0.61). The systolic blood pressure responses during hypercapnia were 2.0 ± 0.3 and 4.0 ± 0.5 mmHg/Torr (1 Torr = 1 mmHg rise in end-tidal [Formula: see text]) during the follicular and luteal phases, respectively, of the menstrual cycle ( P < 0.01). The diastolic blood pressure responses were 1.1 ± 0.2 and 2.1 ± 0.3 mmHg/Torr during the follicular and luteal phases, respectively ( P < 0.002). Heart rate responses did not differ during the luteal (1.7 ± 0.3 beats ⋅ min−1 ⋅ Torr−1) and follicular phases (1.4 ± 0.3 beats ⋅ min−1 ⋅ Torr−1; P = 0.59). These data demonstrate a greater pressor response during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle that may be related to higher serum progesterone concentrations.

scholarly journals Current Medical Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-292
Author(s):  
Richard J. Fehring ◽  
Mary Lee Barron
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Current Medical Research ◽  
Marital Relationships ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Natural Family Planning

This issue of Current Medical Research (CMR) includes studies that provide evidence that use of natural family planning (NFP) can be helpful for subfertile couples wishing to achieve a pregnancy, the effectiveness of a method of NFP during breastfeeding, and the effects of using NFP on marital relationships. This review also includes evidence on predicting the sex of a baby by timing intercourse, evidence that brain injuries can be reflected in changes in the menstrual cycle, and that women prefer methods of family planning that have no side effects. The issue ends with an in-depth review of new technologies that aid in the use of NFP. Topics covered include subfertile couples, breastfeeding, marriage, predicting the sex of a baby, brain injuries, and new technologies.

Physiology of the menstrual cycle and natural family planning

Contraception ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Gabor Kovacs ◽  
Paula Briggs ◽  
John Guillebaud
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Natural Family Planning ◽  
Natural Family

scholarly journals A Prospective, Randomized Study of Endometrial Telomerase during the Menstrual Cycle

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 3912-3917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Williams ◽  
John F. Boggess ◽  
L. Robert LaMarque ◽  
William R. Meyer ◽  
Michael J. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Telomerase Activity ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Uterine Receptivity ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Late Luteal Phase

The purpose of this study was to characterize telomerase activity during the menstrual cycle, focusing on the luteal phase. A total of 84 endometrial biopsy samples were obtained from 72 participants. Daily urinary LH testing (OvuQuick, Quidel) was used to establish the day of the LH rise, and participants were randomized to return during the secretory phase. Twelve women returned on the identical day during the luteal phase of a subsequent cycle to allow intercycle comparisons of telomerase activity. Telomerase activity was evaluated using a modified TRAP-eze (Intergen) detection protocol. At the time of each endometrial biopsy, serum estrogen and progesterone were measured. Proliferative phase endometrium showed high telomerase activity. At the onset of the luteal phase telomerase activity was high, but it decreased during the early luteal phase, disappeared by the midluteal phase (6 d after LH surge detected), and then rose to moderate levels in the late luteal phase beginning on luteal d 10. Serum progesterone levels were inversely related to telomerase activity. In conclusion, endometrial telomerase activity is dynamic: high during the proliferative phase but inhibited during the midsecretory phase of the menstrual cycle. The timing of expression coincides with the rise and fall of progesterone levels and the time period of maximal uterine receptivity for embryo implantation. This supports a relationship between sex steroid levels and telomerase regulation.

scholarly journals Allopregnanolone concentrations and premenstrual syndrome

2000 ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Monteleone ◽  
S Luisi ◽  
A Tonetti ◽  
F Bernardi ◽  
AD Genazzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Psychological Conditions

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate basal allopregnanolone and progesterone in both phases of the menstrual cycle in women suffering from premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and their response to a GnRH test. DESIGN: We selected 56 women (28 patients with PMS and 28 controls) aged between 18 and 32 years. Blood samples were drawn in both follicular and phases. Twenty-eight women (14 patients with PMS and 14 controls) underwent a GnRH test in the luteal phase. METHODS: We evaluated allopregnanolone by RIA, using a specific antibody. Serum progesterone and oestradiol were determined using a commercially available RIA kit. RESULTS: Luteal phase allopregnanolone concentrations were significantly lower in patients with PMS than in controls. Progesterone concentrations were significantly lower in patients with PMS in both the follicular and the luteal phase. Serum oestradiol concentrations were in the normal range in both groups of women, although slightly greater in those with PMS. Allopregnanolone and progesterone responses to a GnRH test were significantly blunted in women with PMS. CONCLUSIONS: Diminished concentrations of allopregnanolone and progesterone, its precursor, and a blunted response to the GnRH test lead us to hypothesise that patients with PMS may suffer from an inadequate production of ovarian neuroactive steroids, especially in the luteal phase. This would lead to an impaired anxiolytic GABA(A)-mediated response in stressful physiological and psychological conditions, and may in part explain various psychoneuroendocrine symptoms that arise during PMS.

scholarly journals The Identification of Postovulation Infertility with the Measurement of Early Luteal Phase (Peak Day +3) Progesterone Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Hilgers
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
The Third ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
The Family ◽  
Case Presentations

This study reports on 632 cycles from 105 women who were using the CREIGHTON MODEL Fertility Care™ System to avoid pregnancy and had either a serious reason to avoid pregnancy or some degree of a lack of confidence. A progesterone level was drawn on the third day after the Peak Day as they were charting, and if the progesterone level was 2.3 ng/mL or greater, then ovulation was determined to have passed. If the level was greater than 3.0 ng/mL, this indicated that an absolute period of infertility had begun. In these cases, no pregnancies were observed. In the 27 cycles in which a specific follow-up relative to pregnancy could not be definitively determined, the progesterone levels in all cases were 2.3 ng/mL or greater with 23 of the 27 cycles being 3.1 ng/mL or greater. It is highly unlikely that any of those became pregnant as well. These cycles were collected over thirteen years (2004–2016). Two case presentations are also a part of this article of two families in which the couples had very serious reasons to avoid pregnancy. In these two couples, each of the women was multi-gravid and had no evidence of subfertility or infertility. They used the family planning progesterone level (the Peak Day +3 progesterone level) for a total of 167 cycles over a number of years successfully without a subsequent pregnancy. Summary: This article presents a thirteen-year effort to evaluate the serum progesterone level on the third day after the Peak Day as observed by women charting the CREIGHTON MODEL Fertility Care™ System. It is known that the Peak Day is associated with ovulation, and if the progesterone reaches a certain level, then an absolute period of infertility should follow. In fact, this is what this study reflects.

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