scholarly journals Enhanced Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes via Modification with Ionic Liquids for Fuel Cell Applications

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Jonathan Teik Ean Goh ◽  
Ainul Rasyidah Abdul Rahim ◽  
Mohd Shahbudin Masdar ◽  
Loh Kee Shyuan
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
The Impact

The polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) is a key component in the PEM fuel cell (PEMFC) system. This study highlights the latest development of PEM technology by combining Nafion® and ionic liquids, namely 2–Hydroxyethylammonium Formate (2–HEAF) and Propylammonium Nitrate (PAN). Test membranes were prepared using the casting technique. The impact of functional groups in grafting, morphology, thermal stability, ion exchange capacity, water absorption, swelling and proton conductivity for the prepared membranes is discussed. Both hybrid membranes showed higher values in ion exchange capacity, water uptake and swelling rate as compared to the recast pure Nafion® membrane. The results also show that the proton conductivity of Nafion®/2–HEAF and Nafion®/PAN membranes increased with increasing ionic liquid concentrations. The maximum values of proton conductivity for Nafion®/2–HEAF and Nafion®/PAN membranes were 2.87 and 4.55 mScm−1, respectively, equivalent to 2.2 and 3.5 times that of the pure recast Nafion® membrane.

scholarly journals Promising Potential of Eugenol (Clove) Based Organic Membrane for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

2021 ◽  
Vol 2117 (1) ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
E C Muliawati ◽  
A Budianto ◽  
A Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Proton Conductor ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Solvent Absorption

Abstract Fuel cell is one of alternative method to replace fossil fuel energy. The important component of fuel cell is a membrane that used for separating cathode and anode also as a proton conductor. The purpose of this research is to produce polymer electrolyte membrane from poly (eugenol sulfonate) (PES) as polymer matrix, characterize the resulting membrane analysis using ionic properties analysis by calculating ionic conductivity using impedance spectroscopy, ion exchange capacity (IEC), solvent absorption analysis by calculating water uptake and methanol permeability, and studying mechanism Proton transport that occurs on the membrane. This research was initiated by making polymer of PES, and then fabrication and characterization of electrolytic polymer membrane. The formed membrane has an optimal proton conductivity of 0.00095 S.cm-1 with PES composition of 22% (wt).

Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonated Polybenzimidazole (SPBI) Copolymer for Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 803-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loh Kee Shyuan ◽  
Eng Lee Tan ◽  
Wan Ramli Wan Daud ◽  
Abu Bakar Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Phase Inversion Technique ◽  
Sulfonated Polybenzimidazole ◽  
Exchange Membrane

A diverse sulfonated polybenzimidazole copolymer (SPBI) as proton exchange membrane was synthesiszed via one-step high temperature polymerization method with 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DABD), 5-sulfoisophthalic acid (SIPA), 4,4-sulfonyldibenzoic acid (SDBA) and biphenyl-4,4-dicarboxylic acid (BDCA). The SPBI membrane was prepared through a direct hot-casting and in situ phase inversion technique. Characterization tests were carried out on the membranes including surface morphology, distribution of elements on the membrane, determination of functional groups, thermal stability, ion exchange capacity, water uptake rate and proton conductivity. The as-synthesized SPBI membrane displayed a smooth surface via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis which is thermally stable up to 443 °C. The SPBI membrane showed higher water uptake rate (WUR) and proton conductivity though it had lower ion exchange capacity (IEC) value compared to recast Nafion membrane. The proton conductivity of the SPBI membrane with IEC of 0.60 mmol/g was 4.50 × 10-2 S/cm at 90 °C. This study shows that the SPBI membrane has great potential in polymer exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications.

scholarly journals Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Based on Nafion and a Superacidic Inorganic Additive for Fuel Cell Applications

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Mazzapioda ◽  
Stefania Panero ◽  
Maria Assunta Navarra
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Thermal Transitions ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Electrolyte Membranes

Nafion composite membranes, containing different amounts of mesoporous sulfated titanium oxide (TiO2-SO4) were prepared by solvent-casting and tested in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), operating at very low humidification levels. The TiO2-SO4 additive was originally synthesized by a sol-gel method and characterized through x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and ion exchange capacity (IEC). Peculiar properties of the composite membranes, such as the thermal transitions and ion exchange capacity, were investigated and here discussed. When used as an electrolyte in the fuel cell, the composite membrane guaranteed an improvement with respect to bare Nafion systems at 30% relative humidity and 110 °C, exhibiting higher power and current densities.

scholarly journals Impact of MPL on Temperature Distribution in Single Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell with Various Thicknesses of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2499
Author(s):  
Akira Nishimura ◽  
Tatsuya Okado ◽  
Yuya Kojima ◽  
Masafumi Hirota ◽  
Eric Hu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plane Temperature ◽  
Power Generation Performance

The impact of micro porous layer (MPL) with various thicknesses of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) on heat and mass transfer characteristics, as well as power generation performance of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC), is investigated. The in-plane temperature distribution on cathode separator back is also measured by thermocamera. It has been found that the power generation performance is improved by the addition of MPL, especially at higher current density condition irrespective of initial temperature of cell (Tini) and relative humidity condition. However, the improvement is not obvious when the thin PEM (Nafion NRE-211; thickness of 25 μm) is used. The increase in temperature from inlet to outlet without MPL is large compared to that with MPL when using thick PEM, while the difference between without MPL and with MPL is small when using thin PEM. It has been confirmed that the addition of MPL is effective for the improvement of power generation performance of single PEFC operated at higher temperatures than normal. However, the in-plane temperature distribution with MPL is not even.

Electrodialysis heterogeneous ion exchange membranes modified by SiO2 nanoparticles: fabrication and electrochemical characterization

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2074-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Hosseini ◽  
Z. Ahmadi ◽  
M. Nemati ◽  
F. Parvizian ◽  
S. S. Madaeni
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Membrane Matrix ◽  
Nanoparticles Concentration ◽  
Solution Casting Technique

In the current study mixed matrix heterogeneous cation exchange membranes were prepared by solution casting technique. The effect of SiO2 nanoparticles in the polymeric solution on the physicochemical properties of prepared membranes was studied. Scanning optical microscope images showed uniform particle distribution and relatively uniform surfaces for the prepared membranes. The membrane water content was reduced by silica nanoparticles in the membranes' matrix. The membrane ion exchange capacity, membrane potential, transport number and selectivity were improved initially by an increase of SiO2 nanoparticles concentration up to 1%wt in prepared membranes and then showed a decreasing trend with a further increase in additive ratio from 1 to 4%wt. The ionic permeability and flux were also decreased initially by an increase of silica nanoparticles concentration up to 0.5%wt in the membrane matrix and then increased again with a further increase in nanoparticles concentration from 0.5 to 4%wt. Moreover, the results exhibited that using silica nanoparticles in the membrane matrix caused an obvious decrease in areal electrical resistance. The opposite trend was found for membrane mechanical strength using SiO2 nanoparticles.

scholarly journals The Dissolution Dilemma for low Pt Loading Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Catalysts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel John Seale Sandbeck ◽  
Niklas Mørch Secher ◽  
Masanori Inaba ◽  
Jonathan Quinson ◽  
Jakob Ejler Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Metal Loading ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
On Line ◽  
Low Pt Loading ◽  
The Impact

Cost and lifetime currently hinder widespread commercialization of polymer electrolyte<br>membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Reduced electrode Pt loadings lower costs; however, the impact<br>of metal loading (on the support) and its relation to degradation (lifetime) remain unclear. The<br>limited research on these parameters stems from synthetic difficulties and lack of in situ<br>analytics. This study addresses these challenges by synthesizing 2D and 3D Pt/C model catalyst<br>systems via two precise routes and systematically varying the loading. Pt dissolution was<br>monitored using on-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (on-line-ICP-MS), while<br>X-ray spectroscopy techniques were applied to establish the oxidation states of Pt in correlation<br>with metal loading. Dissolution trends emerge which can be explained by three particle<br>proximity dependent mechanisms: (1) shifts in the Nernst dissolution potential, (2) redeposition,<br>and (3) alteration of Pt oxidation states. These results identify engineering limitations, which<br>should be considered by researchers in fuel cell development and related fields. <br>

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