scholarly journals Review on the Comparison of the Chemical Reactivity of Cyanex 272, Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 302 for Their Application to Metal Separation from Acid Media

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1105
Author(s):  
Viet Nhan Hoa Nguyen ◽  
Thi Hong Nguyen ◽  
Man Seung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
Separation Of Metal Ions ◽  
Cyanex 272 ◽  
Cyanex 302 ◽  
Cyanex 301 ◽  
The Stability

Cyanex extractants, such as Cyanex 272, Cyanex 301, and Cyanex 302 have been commercialized and widely used in the extraction and separation of metal ions in hydrometallurgy. Since Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 302 are the derivatives of Cyanex 272, these extractants have similar functional groups. In order to understand the different extraction behaviors of these extractants, an understanding of the relationship between their structure and reactivity is important. We reviewed the physicochemical properties of these extractants, such as their solubility in water, polymerization degree, acidity strength, extraction performance of metal ions, and the interaction with diluent and other extractants on the basis of their chemical structure. Synthetic methods for these extractants were also introduced. This information is of great value in the synthesis of new kinds of extractants for the extraction of metals from a diverse medium. From the literature, the extraction and stripping characteristics of metals by Cyanex 272 and its derivatives from inorganic acids such as HCl, H2SO4, and HNO3 were also reviewed. The replacement of oxygen with sulfur in the functional groups (P = O to P = S group) has two opposing effects. One is to enhance their acidity and extractability due to an increase in the stability of metal complexes, and the other is to make the stripping of metals from the loaded Cyanex 301 difficult.

scholarly journals Application of Plasticized Cellulose Triacetate Membranes for Recovery and Separation of Cerium(III) and Lanthanum(III)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Pospiech ◽  
Adam Makowka
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Phosphinic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Triacetate ◽  
Inclusion Membrane ◽  
Polymer Inclusion Membrane ◽  
Cyanex 272 ◽  
Dithiophosphinic Acid ◽  
Cyanex 301 ◽  
Source Phase

Abstract This work explains the application of plasticized cellulose triacetate (CTA) membranes with Cyanex 272 di(2,4,4-(trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid) and Cyanex 301 (di(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid) as the ion carriers of lanthanum(III) and cerium(III). CTA is used as a support for the preparation of polymer inclusion membrane (PIM). This membrane separates the aqueous source phase containing metal ions and the receiving phase. 1M H2SO4 is applied as the receiving phase in this process. The separation properties of the plasticized membranes with Cyanex 272 and Cyanex 301 are compared. The results show that the transport of cerium(III) through PIM with Cyanex 272 is more efficient and selective than lanthanum(III).

Complexation Behavior of Iron(III) with Aloxime 800, D2EHPA, CYANEX 272, CYANEX 302, and CYANEX 301

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Van de Voorde ◽  
K. Latruwe ◽  
L. Pinoy ◽  
E. Courtijn ◽  
F. Verpoort
Keyword(s):  
Cyanex 272 ◽  
Cyanex 302 ◽  
Cyanex 301

scholarly journals N,N’-Bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (Salen) as an Active Compound for the Recovery of Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Witt ◽  
Daria Bożejewicz ◽  
Małgorzata A. Kaczorowska
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Separation Of Metal Ions ◽  
Ion Separation ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Complexes With Metal Ions

In this paper, three main methods of metal ion separation, i.e., liquid–liquid extraction, transport across polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), and sorption/desorption, are described. In all of them, N,N’-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (salen) was used as an active compound, i.e., as an extractant or as a carrier for the recovery of Ni(II), Cu(II), or Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions. In each case, the recovery was performed on a model solution, which contained only a single metal ion. The obtained results were compared with the author’s previous results for the separation of metal ions using β-diketones, since both β-diketones and salen form the so-called Werner-type complexes. Electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS) was also applied to confirm the ability of the carrier to form complexes with metal ions in a solution. Moreover, spectrophotometry was used to determine the stability constant of the obtained complexes.

scholarly journals Application of Hydrophobic Alkylimidazoles in the Separation of Non-Ferrous Metal Ions across Plasticised Membranes—A Review

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Ulewicz ◽  
Elzbieta Radzyminska-Lenarcik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Imidazole Ring ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Separation Of Metal Ions ◽  
The Stability

Currently, a lot of attention is paid to polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs). Their particular advantages include effective support fixation, easy preparation, versatility, stability, good mechanical properties and good chemical resistance. The paper presents a review of the literature related to the applications of polymer inclusion membranes containing alkylimidazole derivatives as carriers in the processes of transporting ions of heavy and toxic metals, such as Zn(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Mn(II). It has been proven that alkylimidazoles exhibit varying complex-forming properties towards metal ions, and that their properties (hydrophobic and alkaline) can be modified easily by changing the size of the alkyl group and its position in the imidazole ring, which allows obtaining efficiently working metal ion carriers. The stability of an imidazole derivative-metal ion complex determines the speed and selectivity of the process of transporting metal ions across polymer inclusion membranes. Also, the morphological structure of polymer inclusion membranes impacts the efficiency of the process involving the release and separation of metal ions.

scholarly journals Solvent Extraction of Metal Ions from Sulfate Solutions Obtained in Leaching of Spent Ni-MH Batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Pospiech ◽  
Jerzy Gega
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Phosphinic Acid ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Nickel Metal Hydride ◽  
Separation Of Metal Ions ◽  
Cyanex 272 ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Cyphos Il 104 ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Solutions

Abstract The nickel metal hydride batteries (Ni-MH) are used in many electronic equipment, like cell phones, computers, cameras as well as hybrid cars. Spent batteries can be a rich source of many metals, especially rare earth elements (REE), such as lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), samarium (Sm), gadolinium (Gd). Ni-MH batteries also contain iron (Fe) as well as non-ferrous metals, i.e. nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), etc. Leaching of such waste with sulfuric acid solutions is one among many methods recovering of useful metals in hydrometallurgical processes. The main aim of this work was separation of metal ions from pregnant leach liquor (PLL) by solvent extraction using phosphorous compounds and ionic liquids (ILs). The initial pH of the aqueous solution was 0.1. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), bis (2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272), and phosphoniumionic liquid – trihexyl (tetradecyl) phosphonium bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate (Cyphos IL 104) were used as the selective extractants. The initial concentration of the extractants in an organic phase was equal to 0.1 mol∙dm−3. The obtained results show that the highest extraction efficiency was obtained for Fe(III) and Zn(II) in extraction experiments with 0.1 M D2EHPA at pH of 0.1. Ni(II), Co(II) and REE remained in the aqueous solutions. In the next stage, REE were extracted with the mixture of 0.1 M Cyanex 272 and 0.1 M Cyphos IL 104 at pH equal to 3.8. Finally, Ni(II) and Co(II) ions were efficiently removed from the aqueous phase using 0.1 M solution of Cyphos IL 104 at pH around 5.4.

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