scholarly journals Aluminum Alloy Sheet-Forming Limit Curve Prediction Based on Original Measured Stress–Strain Data and Its Application in Stretch-Forming Process

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lirong Sun ◽  
Zhongyi Cai ◽  
Dongye He ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
Forming Limit ◽  
Aluminum Alloy Sheet ◽  
Limit Curve ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Forming Limit Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Relation ◽  
Stress Strain Relation

A new method, by directly utilizing original measured data (OMD) of the stress–strain relation in the Marciniak–Kuczynski (M–K) model, was proposed to predict the forming limit curve (FLC) of an aluminum alloy sheet. In the groove zone of the M–K model, by establishing the relations of the equivalent strain increment, the ratio of shear stress to the first principle stress and the ratio of the second principle stress to the first principle stress, the iterative formula was established and solved. The equations of theoretical forming limits were derived in detail by using the OMD of the stress–strain relation. The stretching specimens of aluminum alloy 6016-T4 were tested and the true stress–strain curve of the material was obtained. Based on the numerical simulations of punch-stretch tests, the optimized specimens’ shape and test scheme were determined, and the tests for FLC were carried out. The FLC predicted by the proposed method was more consistent with the experimental results of FLC by comparing the theoretical FLCs based on OMD of the stress–strain relation and of that based on traditional power function. In addition, the influences of anisotropic parameter and groove angle on FLCs were analyzed. Finally, the FLC calculated by the proposed method was applied to analyze sheet formability in the stretch-forming process, and the predicted results of FLC were verified by numerical simulations and experiments. The fracture tendency of the formed parts can be visualized in the forming limit diagram (FLD), which has certain guiding significance for fracture judgment in the sheet-forming process.

scholarly journals Forming limit curve determination of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheet

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (K2) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Hao Huu Nguyen ◽  
Trung Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
Trung Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
Hoa Cong Vu
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Forming Limit ◽  
Aluminum Alloy Sheet ◽  
Limit Curve ◽  
Forming Limit Curve

The forming limit curve (FLC) is used in sheet metal forming analysis to determine the critical strain or stress values at which the sheet metal is failing when it is under the plastic deformation process, e.g. deep drawing process. In this paper, the FLC of the AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheet is predicted by using a micro-mechanistic constitutive model. The proposed constitutive model is implemented via a vectorized user-defined material subroutine (VUMAT) and integrated with finite element code in ABAQUS/Explicit software. The mechanical behavior of AA6061-T6 sheet is determined by the tensile tests. The material parameters of damage model are identified based on semi-experience method. To archive the various strain states, the numerical simulation is conducted for the Nakajima test and then the inverse parabolic fit technique that based on ISO 124004-2:2008 standrad is used to extracted the limit strain values. The numerical results are compared with the those of MK, Hill and Swift analytical models.

scholarly journals Forming Limit Research of 5182 Aluminum Alloy Sheet Based on Lou-2013 Ductile Fracture Criterion

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (16) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
YANG Zhuoyun ◽  
ZHAO Changcai ◽  
DONG Guojiang ◽  
CHEN Guang ◽  
ZHU Liangjin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Fracture Criterion ◽  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
Forming Limit ◽  
Aluminum Alloy Sheet ◽  
Ductile Fracture Criterion

Stress-Based Forming Limits in Sheet-Metal Forming

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Stoughton
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Strain Path ◽  
Forming Limit ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Relation ◽  
Stress Strain Relation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of

A strain-based forming limit criterion is widely used throughout the sheet-metal forming industry to gauge the stability of the deformed material with respect to the development of a localized neck prior to fracture. This criterion is strictly valid only when the strain path is linear throughout the deformation process. There is significant data that shows a strong and complex dependence of the limit criterion on the strain path. Unfortunately, the strain path is never linear in secondary forming and hydro-forming processes. Furthermore, the path is often found to be nonlinear in localized critical areas in the first draw die. Therefore, the conventional practice of using a path-independent strain-based forming limit criterion often leads to erroneous assessments of forming severity. Recently it has been reported that a stress-based forming limit criterion appears to exhibit no strain-path dependencies. Subsequently, it has been suggested that this effect is not real, but is due to the saturation of the stress-strain relation. This paper will review and compare the strain-based and stress-based forming limit criteria, looking at a number of factors that are involved in the definition of the stress-based forming limit, including the role of the stress-strain relation.

Application of an Extended Stress-Based Forming Limit Curve to Predict Necking in Stretch Flange Forming

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hari Manoj Simha ◽  
Rassin Grantab ◽  
Michael J. Worswick
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Shell Element ◽  
Forming Limit ◽  
Limit Curve ◽  
Forming Limit Curve ◽  
Circumferential Crack ◽  
Flange Forming ◽  
Failure Location ◽  
Forming Limit Curves

An extension of the stress-based forming limit curve (FLC) advanced by Stoughton (2000, “A General Forming Limit Criterion for Sheet Metal Forming,” Int. J. Mech. Sci., 42, pp. 1–27) is presented in this work. With the as-received strain-based FLCs and stress-strain curves for 1.6-mm-thick AA5754 and 1-mm-thick AA5182 aluminum alloy, stress-based FLCs are obtained. These curves are then transformed into extended stress-based forming limit curves (XSFLCs), which consist of the invariants, effective stress, and mean stress. By way of application, stretch flange forming of these aluminum alloy sheets is considered. The AA5754 stretch flange displays a circumferential crack during failure, whereas the AA5182 stretch flange fails through a radial crack at the edge of the cutout. It is shown that the necking predictions obtained using the strain- and stress-based FLCs in conjunction with shell element computations are inconsistent when compared with the experimental results. By comparing the results of the shell element computations with those in which the mesh comprises eight-noded solid elements, it is demonstrated that the plane stress approximation is not valid. The XSFLC is then used with results from the solid-element computations to predict the punch depths at the onset of necking. Furthermore, it is shown that the predictions of failure location and failure mode obtained using the XSFLC are in accord with the differences observed between the two alloys/gauges.

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