scholarly journals A Novel Algorithm for Routing Paths Selection in Mesh-Based Optical Networks-on-Chips

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ping Yang ◽  
Ting-Ting Song ◽  
Yi-Chen Ye ◽  
Bo-Cheng Liu ◽  
Hua Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Crosstalk Noise ◽  
Optical Router ◽  
Networks On Chips ◽  
Novel Algorithm

Optical networks-on-chips (ONoCs) is an effective and extensible on-chip communication technology, which has the characteristics of high bandwidth, low consumption, and low delay. In the design process of ONoCs, power loss is an important factor for limiting the scalability of ONoCs. Additionally, the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) is an index to measure the quality of ONoCs. Nowadays, the routing algorithm commonly used in ONoCs is the dimension-order routing algorithm, but the routing paths selected by the algorithm have high power loss and crosstalk noise. In this paper, we propose a 5×5 all-pass optical router model for two-dimensional (2-D) mesh-based ONoCs. Based on the general optical router model and the calculation models of power loss and crosstalk noise, a novel algorithm is proposed in ordder to select the routing paths with the minimum power loss. At the same time, it can ensure that the routing paths have the approximately optimal OSNR. Finally, we employ the Cygnus optical router to verify the proposed routing algorithm. The results show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the power loss and improve the OSNR in the case of network sizes of 5×5 and 6×6. With the increase of the optical network scale, the algorithm can perform better in reducing the power loss and raising the OSNR.

Complete suppression of FWM in ultra dense WDM-PON optical networks using centralized light source

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Ullah Manzoor ◽  
Ashiq Hussain ◽  
Chong Xiu Yu ◽  
Tareq Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Circular Polarizer ◽  
Received Power ◽  
Dense Wdm

In this paper, a novel technique to completely eliminate FWM has been introduced. Alternative circular polarizer have been used to change the polarization of incoming pulses into left-hand and right-hand polarizations before multiplexing in UDWDM optical network with centralized light source. System’s performance have been calculated on the bases of Q factor, optical signal to noise ratio, received power and bit error rate. All simulation has been performed in OptiSystem.

Impairments Computation for Routing Purposes in a Transparent-Access Optical Network Based on Optical CDMA and WDM

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Musa
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Wavelength Conversion ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Optical Cdma ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Wavelength Division

AbstractOptical access networks are becoming more widespread and the use of multiple services might require a transparent optical network (TON). Multiplexing and privacy could benefit from the combination of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and optical coding (OC) and wavelength conversion in optical switches. The routing process needs to be cognizant of different resource types and characteristics such as fiber types, fiber linear impairments such as attenuation, dispersion, etc. as well as fiber nonlinear impairments such as four-wave mixing, cross-phase modulation, etc. Other types of impairments, generated by optical nodes or photonic switches, also affect the signal quality (Q) or the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR), which is related to the bit error rate (BER). Therefore, both link and switch impairments must be addressed and somehow incorporated into the routing algorithm. However, it is not practical to fully integrate all photonic-specific attributes in the routing process. In this study, new routing parameters and constraints are defined that reflect the distinct characteristics of photonic networking. These constraints are applied to the design phase of TON and expressed as a cost or metric form that will be used in the network routing algorithm.

On the Performance of Protected and Online Routing Enabled Translucent Space Division Multiplexing-Based Elastic Optical Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Blocking Probability ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Modulation Formats ◽  
Space Division Multiplexing ◽  
Space Division ◽  
Spatial Modes ◽  
Variability Level ◽  
Network Topologies

AbstractIn this article, we focus on the optimization of lightpath routing in an online Space Division Multiplexing-based Elastic Optical Network (SDM-b-EON) which is protected by the dedicated route protection (DRP) strategy. In view of the aforementioned, the Online Protection and Routing Algorithm with Regeneration (OPaRAwR) method is proposed which (i) protects the lightpaths through DRP, (ii) accounts for the presence of transceivers in the network, and (iii) ensures the routing of translucent lightpaths through the spectral super-channels over the spatial modes links. In regard to regeneration, we investigate two scenarios which differ in their regeneration variability level in addition to the adjustment of modulation formats (MFs) as per the transmission route characteristics. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted considering realistic transmission reach values and two realistic network topologies. The obtained simulation results demonstrate that the proposed OPaRAwR method significantly outperforms various reference techniques in terms of bandwidth blocking probability (BwBP). In addition, the results also show that significant benefits can be obtained in regard to the utilization of resources (spectrum and transceivers) with much lesser BwBP when the regeneration is conducted with complete flexibility and MF conversion is also permitted at every node of the SDM-b-EON.

Resource Efficient Online Routing Enabled Translucent Space Division Multiplexing Based Elastic Optical Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Blocking Probability ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Modulation Formats ◽  
Modulation Format ◽  
Online Routing ◽  
Space Division Multiplexing ◽  
Space Division

AbstractIn the current work, we focus on the optimization of lightpath routing in a Space Division Multiplexing based Elastic Optical Network (SDM-b-EON) for which we propose an online routing algorithm, named as Resource Efficient Online Routing Algorithm with Regeneration (REORAwR) which, in addition to ensuring the routing of translucent lightpaths through spectral super-channels over spatial modes links also accounts for the presence of the transceivers in the network. The proposed REORAwR algorithm is tunable such that it can either aim to reduce the bandwidth blocking probability or can aim to minimize the overall consumed power. In regard to regeneration, we investigate two scenarios which differ in their regeneration variability level in addition to the adjustment of modulation formats as per the transmission route characteristics. We conduct extensive simulations considering two realistic network topologies and realistic transmission reach values. The obtained results demonstrate that significant benefits can be obtained in regard to the utilization of both the major network resources (spectrum and transceivers) when regeneration is conducted with complete flexibility and modulation format conversion is also permitted at every node of the SDM-b-EON. In addition, the obtained results also show that when compared to spectrum usage, in terms of the overall consumed power, the performance profits which can be obtained in a translucent SDM-b-EON are very small.

scholarly journals Optimizing Crosstalk in Optical NoC through Heuristic Fusion Mapping

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1006
Author(s):  
Xinhao Shi ◽  
Ning Wu ◽  
Fen Ge ◽  
Fang Zhou ◽  
Muhammad Rehan Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Crosstalk Noise ◽  
Mapping Algorithm ◽  
Annealing Algorithm ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Mapping Scheme ◽  
Better Than

Optical network-on-chip is considered to be a promising technology to solve the problems of low bandwidth and high latency in the traditional interconnection network. However, due to the inevitable leakage of optical devices, the optical signal will receive crosstalk noise during transmission. In this paper, a heuristic fusion mapping algorithm PSO_SA for crosstalk optimization is proposed. First, the initial optimal mapping is obtained by particle swarm optimization, and then the local optimization of the mapping scheme is removed by combining with simulated annealing algorithm. The experimental results show that the crosstalk optimization performance of PSO_SA algorithm is better than that of GA algorithm in 263 dec, Wavelet, DVOPD and other applications, and the maximum optimization degree is 28.7%.

To Mitigate the Effect of Cross-Phase Modulation by Employing PC-DCF Technique in Multi-Tone RoF System

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Namita Kathpal ◽  
Amit Kumar Garg
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Phase Modulation ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Input Power ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Bit Rate ◽  
Cross Phase Modulation

AbstractIt is known that the high bandwidth demands are accomplished by deploying the concept of wavelength division multiplexing in optical networks which involves the transmission of multiple wavelength signals spaced very close to each other. Due to closely spaced wavelengths, the signal power of one channel phase modulates the adjacent channel which in turn produces nonlinear effects such as cross-phase modulation (XPM), self-phase modulation (SPM) and four-wave mixing (FWM). Thus, in this paper, PC-DCF (pre-compensating dispersion compensating fiber) technique has been demonstrated and evaluated in the transmission link to compensate the XPM effects, and this result seems to significantly enhance w.r.t. transmission performance and system capacity considering performance metrics such as Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR), bit rate, Q-factor and bit error rate (BER). It is evident from the simulation results as well as through mathematical modeling that the proposed technique (PC-DCF) provides optimum results at the channel spacing of 100 GHz, bit rate of 10 Gbps and input power of 5 mW which collectively provides a 5 dB increase in OSNR as compared to the existing compensating technique.

scholarly journals An N-Port Universal Multimode Optical Router Supporting Mode-Division Multiplexing

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1438
Author(s):  
Yuehong Yang ◽  
Ye Su ◽  
Bocheng Liu ◽  
Junxiong Chai ◽  
Li Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Noise Signal ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Optical Interconnection ◽  
Crosstalk Noise ◽  
Optical Router ◽  
Mode Division Multiplexing

Optical network-on-chip (ONoC) is based on optical interconnects and optical routers (ORs), which have obvious advantages in bandwidth and power consumption. Transmission capacity is a significant performance in ONoC architecture, which has to be fully considered during the design process. Relying on mode-division multiplexing (MDM) technology, the system capacity of optical interconnection is greatly improved compared to the traditional multiplexing technology. With the explosion in MDM technology, the optical router supporting MDM came into being. In this paper, we design a multimode optical router (MDM-OR) model and analyze its indicators. Above all, we propose a novel multimode switching element and design an N-port universal multimode optical router (MDM-OR) model. Secondly, we analyze the insertion loss model of different optical devices and the crosstalk noise model of N-port MDM-OR. On this basis, a multimode router structure of a single-mode five-port optical router is proposed. At the same time, we analyze the transmission loss, crosstalk noise, signal-to-noise radio (OSNR), and bit error rate (BER) of different input–output pairs by inputting the 1550 nm TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes to the router.

Applying Smart Security Model to Protect Client Services From the Threats of the Optical Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-113
Author(s):  
Kamel H. Rahouma ◽  
Ayman A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Software Defined Network ◽  
Security Model ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
New Model ◽  
Intelligent Software ◽  
Optical Transport Network ◽  
The Right

The chapter discusses the security of the client signals over the optical network from any wiretapping or loosing. The physical layer of the optical transport network (OTN) is the weakest layer in the network; anyone can access the optical cables from any location and states his attack. A security layer is proposed to be added in the mapping of OTN frames. The detection of any intrusion is done by monitoring the variations in the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) by using intelligent software defined network. The signal cryptographic is done at the source and the destination only. The chapter shows how the multi-failure restorations in the multi-domains could be done. A new model is introduced by slicing the multi-domains to three layers to fit the needs of 5G. The results show that the multi-failure restoration improved from 25% to 100%, the revenue from some OTN domains increased by 50%, the switching time enhanced by 50%, the latency reduced from 27 msec to 742 usec, and it will take many years to figure out the right keys to perform the decryption process.

Minimization of Nonlinear Impairments and Its Impact on Transmission Performances of High-Capacity Long-Haul Optical Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farman Ali ◽  
Yousaf Khan ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Gulzar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Optical Fiber Communication ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Fiber Communication ◽  
Nonlinear Impairments

AbstractHigh-capacity and long-haul transmission gained great significance in modern communication networks. Optical fiber communication system is good enough to face the high demand of current telecom terrific. This paper will propound the theoretical model showing nonlinear factors which degrade the transmission performances of high-capacity long-haul network. The postulatory model will be validated using simulation of key nonlinear factors such as effective area, launch power, refractive index and fiber length. The transmission performance of the high-capacity long-haul optical network would be analyzed on the basis of some key parameters such as bit error rate and signal-to-noise ratio. Mitigation of nonlinear impairments shows significant impact on transmission performances of high-capacity long-haul optical networks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document