Design of Driving Waveform for Shortening Red Particles Response Time in Three-Color Electrophoretic Displays

Three-color electrophoretic displays (EPDs) have the advantages of multi-color display and low power consumption. However, their red particles have the disadvantage of long response time. In this paper, a driving waveform, which is based on electrophoresis theory and reference gray scale optimization, was proposed to shorten the response time of red particles in three-color EPDs. The driving waveform was composed of erasing stage, reference gray scale forming stage, red driving stage, and white or black driving stage. Firstly, the characteristics of particle motion were analyzed by electrophoresis theory and Stokes law. Secondly, the reference gray scale of the driving waveform was optimized to shorten the distance between red particles and a common electrode plate. Finally, an experimental platform was developed to test the performance of the driving waveform. Experimental results showed that the proposed driving waveform can shorten the response time of red particles by 65.57% and reduce the number of flickers by 66.67% compared with the traditional driving waveform.

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I/O Scheme of Hybrid Hard Disk Drive for Low Power Consumption and Effective Response Time

Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information ◽

10.9708/jksci.2011.16.10.023 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 23-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jeong-Won Kim

Keyword(s):

Power Consumption ◽

Response Time ◽

Low Power ◽

Hard Disk Drive ◽

Hard Disk ◽

Disk Drive ◽

Low Power Consumption ◽

Effective Response

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Driving Waveform Design Based on Driving Process Fusion and Black Reference Gray Scale for Electrophoretic Displays

Frontiers in Physics ◽

10.3389/fphy.2021.723106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Li Wang ◽

Pengchang Ma ◽

Jitao Zhang ◽

Qiming Wan

Keyword(s):

Waveform Design ◽

Low Power Consumption ◽

Gray Scale ◽

Strong Light ◽

Ultra Low Power ◽

Second Stage ◽

Driving Time ◽

Display Technology ◽

Two Stages ◽

Driving Waveform

An electrophoretic display (EPD) is a kind of paper display technology, which has the advantages of ultra-low power consumption and readability under strong light. However, in an EPD-driving process, four stages are needed to finish the driving of a pixel erase original images, reset to black state, clear-to-white state, and write a new image. A white reference gray scale can be obtained before writing a new image, and this driving process may take too long for the comfort of reading. In this article, an EPD-driving waveform, which takes the black state as the reference gray, is proposed to reduce the driving time. In addition, the rules of direct current (DC) balance are also followed to prevent the charge from getting trapped in the driving backplane. The driving process is fused and there are two stages in the driving waveform: reset to black state and write the next image. First, the EPD is written to a stable black state according to the original gray scale driving waveform and the black state is used as the reference gray for the next image. Second, the new image is written by the second stage of the new driving waveform. The experimental results show that the proposed driving waveform has a better performance. Compared with the traditional driving waveform which has four stages, the driving time of the new driving waveform is reduced by nearly 50%.

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Buttons on Demand Sliding Mechanism Driven by Smart Materials and Mechanical Design

Actuators ◽

10.3390/act10100251 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 251

Author(s):

Christianto Renata ◽

Manivannan Sivaperuman Kalairaj ◽

Hong Mei Chen ◽

Gih Keong Lau ◽

Wei Min Huang

Keyword(s):

Power Consumption ◽

Response Time ◽

Smart Materials ◽

Mechanical Design ◽

Fast Response ◽

Tactile Feedback ◽

Human Interaction ◽

Low Power Consumption ◽

On Demand ◽

Sliding Mechanism

In this paper, we describe a novel human interaction platform in a car, called buttons on demand, that will serve as buttons inside the interior of a car, which can be called upon and activated when required but remain concealed and inactive when not required. The mechanism to obtain such interaction is driven by a combination of smart materials and mechanical design. The elaboration of smart materials and mechanical design employed to achieve this mechanism is discussed. A demonstration of how the buttons on demand mechanism described in this paper can potentially substitute or minimize the use of bulkier physical buttons in cars and provide the user with haptic and tactile feedback with low power consumption and fast response time is also presented.

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Compositional Tuning of Negative Differential Resistance in Bulk Silver Iodide Memristor

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0nj05427e ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

SMITA GAJANAN NAIK ◽

Mohammad Hussain Kasim Rabinal

Keyword(s):

Power Consumption ◽

Negative Differential Resistance ◽

Silver Iodide ◽

Differential Resistance ◽

Fast Response ◽

Low Power Consumption ◽

Switching Effect ◽

Memory Switching ◽

Bulk Silver ◽

Emerging Memory

Electrical memory switching effect has received a great interest to develop emerging memory technology such as memristors. The high density, fast response, multi-bit storage and low power consumption are their...

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Optimal design of a high homogeneous and small-size shim coil for atomic spin gyroscope based on 0-1 linear programming

International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics ◽

10.3233/jae-209319 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (1-4) ◽

pp. 165-172

Author(s):

Dongge Deng ◽

Mingzhi Zhu ◽

Qiang Shu ◽

Baoxu Wang ◽

Fei Yang

Keyword(s):

Linear Programming ◽

Power Consumption ◽

Low Power ◽

Optimization Design ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Axial Position ◽

Low Power Consumption ◽

Optimal Method ◽

Atomic Spin ◽

Shim Coil

It is necessary to develop a high homogeneous, low power consumption, high frequency and small-size shim coil for high precision and low-cost atomic spin gyroscope (ASG). To provide the shim coil, a multi-objective optimization design method is proposed. All structural parameters including the wire diameter are optimized. In addition to the homogeneity, the size of optimized coil, especially the axial position and winding number, is restricted to develop the small-size shim coil with low power consumption. The 0-1 linear programming is adopted in the optimal model to conveniently describe winding distributions. The branch and bound algorithm is used to solve this model. Theoretical optimization results show that the homogeneity of the optimized shim coil is several orders of magnitudes better than the same-size solenoid. A simulation experiment is also conducted. Experimental results show that optimization results are verified, and power consumption of the optimized coil is about half of the solenoid when providing the same uniform magnetic field. This indicates that the proposed optimal method is feasible to develop shim coil for ASG.

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