scholarly journals Heritability of Oral Microbiota and Immune Responses to Oral Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Esberg ◽  
Simon Haworth ◽  
Ralf Kuja-Halkola ◽  
Patrik K.E. Magnusson ◽  
Ingegerd Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Maintaining a symbiotic oral microbiota is essential for oral and dental health, and host genetic factors may affect the composition or function of the oral microbiota through a range of possible mechanisms, including immune pathways. The study included 836 Swedish twins divided into separate groups of adolescents (n = 418) and unrelated adults (n = 418). Oral microbiota composition and functions of non-enzymatically lysed oral bacteria samples were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and functional bioinformatics tools in the adolescents. Adaptive immune responses were assessed by testing for serum IgG antibodies against a panel of common oral bacteria in adults. In the adolescents, host genetic factors were associated with both the detection and abundance of microbial species, but with considerable variation between species. Host genetic factors were associated with predicted microbiota functions, including several functions related to bacterial sucrose, fructose, and carbohydrate metabolism. In adults, genetic factors were associated with serum antibodies against oral bacteria. In conclusion, host genetic factors affect the composition of the oral microbiota at a species level, and host-governed adaptive immune responses, and also affect the concerted functions of the oral microbiota as a whole. This may help explain why some people are genetically predisposed to the major dental diseases of caries and periodontitis.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review and Update on the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingdong Guan
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and life-threating inflammatory disease of gastroenteric tissue characterized by episodes of intestinal inflammation. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex. Recent studies have greatly improved our knowledge of the pathophysiology of IBD, leading to great advances in the treatment as well as diagnosis of IBD. In this review, we have systemically reviewed the pathogenesis of IBD and highlighted recent advances in host genetic factors, gut microbiota, and environmental factors and, especially, in abnormal innate and adaptive immune responses and their interactions, which may hold the keys to identify novel predictive or prognostic biomarkers and develop new therapies.

Variations of Oral Microbiome in Chronic Insomnia Patients with Different Tongue Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (04) ◽  
pp. 923-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Liu ◽  
Xiting Wang ◽  
Fengzhi Wu ◽  
Ning Dai ◽  
Mindan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Chronic Insomnia ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Tongue Diagnosis ◽  
Therapeutic Decision Making

Chronic insomnia is a disease which brings intense mental pain and disturbing complications to patients worldwide. The oral microbiome exhibits a mechanistic influence on human health. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the oral microbial diversity in insomnia. Tongue diagnosis has been considered a critical basic procedure in insomnia therapeutic decision-making in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Hence, it is significant to elucidate the various oral microbiome differences in chronic insomnia patients with different tongue features. In this paper, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis to investigate dynamic changes in oral bacterial profile and correlations between chronic insomnia patients and healthy individuals, as well as in patients with different tongue coatings. Moreover, the relationship between the severity of insomnia and oral microbiota was explored. Our findings showed that chronic insomnia patients harbored a significantly higher diversity of oral bacteria when compared to healthy controls. More importantly, the results revealed that the diversity and relative abundance of the bacterial community was significantly altered among different tongue coatings in patients but not in healthy individuals. Oral bacteria with a relative abundance [Formula: see text]1% and [Formula: see text] among different tongue groups were considered remarkable bacteria, which included three phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gracilibacteria, and four genera, Streptococcus, Prevotella_7, Rothia, and Neisseria. Our findings indicate that changes in oral microbiome correlate with tongue coatings in patients with chronic insomnia. Thus, the remarkable microbiome may provide inspiration for further studies on the correlation between tongue diagnosis and oral microbiome in chronic insomnia patients.

Host genetic factors that control immune responses to retrovirus infections

Vaccine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 2981-2996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Miyazawa ◽  
Sachiyo Tsuji-Kawahara ◽  
Yasuyoshi Kanari
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

scholarly journals Disruption of nasal bacteria enhances protective immune responses to influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minami Nagai ◽  
Miyu Moriyama ◽  
Takeshi Ichinohe
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adjuvant Activity ◽  
Adaptive Immune

AbstractGut microbiota plays a critical role in the induction of adaptive immune responses to influenza virus infection. However, the role of nasal bacteria in the induction of the virus-specific adaptive immunity is less clear. Here we demonstrate that while intranasal administration of influenza virus hemagglutinin vaccine alone was insufficient to induce the vaccine-specific antibody responses, disruption of nasal bacteria by lysozyme or addition of culturable oral bacteria from a healthy human volunteer rescued inability of the nasal bacteria to generate antibody responses to intranasally administered the split-virus vaccine. Myd88-depdnent signaling in the hematopoietic compartment was required for adjuvant activity of intranasally administered oral bacteria. In addition, we found that the oral bacteria-combined intranasal vaccine induced protective antibody response to influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our findings here have identified a previously unappreciated role for nasal bacteria in the induction of the virus-specific adaptive immune responses.

scholarly journals Disruption of Nasal Bacteria Enhances Protective Immune Responses to Influenza A Virus and SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minami Nagai ◽  
Miyu Moriyama ◽  
Takeshi Ichinohe
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune

Abstract Background: Gut microbiota and these microbial-derived products play a critical role in the induction of adaptive immune responses to influenza virus infection. However, the role of nasal bacteria in the induction of the virus-specific adaptive immunity is less clear. Here, we examine whether nasal bacteria critically regulates the generation of influenza virus specific adaptive immune response after infection or intranasal vaccination. Results: We demonstrated that disruption of nasal bacteria by topical mucosal application of antibiotic enhances the virus-specific antibody responses to influenza virus infection. Although intranasal administration of hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine alone was insufficient to induce the HA-specific antibody responses, disruption of nasal bacteria by lysozyme or addition of culturable oral bacteria from a healthy human volunteer rescued inability of the nasal bacteria to generate antibody responses to intranasally administered split-virus vaccines. Myd88-depdnent signaling in the hematopoietic compartment was required for adjuvant activity of intranasally administered oral bacteria. In addition, we found that the oral bacteria-combined intranasal vaccine induced protective antibody response to influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection.Conclusion: We show for the first time that disruption of nasal bacteria enhances protective immune responses to influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our findings here have identified a previously unappreciated role for nasal bacteria in the induction of the virus-specific adaptive immune responses.

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