scholarly journals Latin American Origin Is Not Associated with Worse Outcomes among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in a Public Healthcare System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1772
Author(s):  
Silvia Otero-Rodriguez ◽  
Oscar Moreno-Pérez ◽  
Jose Manuel Ramos ◽  
Mar García ◽  
Vicente Boix ◽  
...  

Exploring differences in clinical outcomes based on race and origin among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 is a controversial issue. The ALC COVID-19 Registry includes all confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital from 3 March 2020 to 17 December 2020. The data were obtained from electronic health records in order to evaluate the differences in the clinical features and outcomes among European and Latin American patients. The follow-ups occurred after 156 days. A propensity score weighting (PSW) logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR, 95% CI) for Latin American origin and outcome associations. Of the 696 patients included, 46.7% were women, with a median age of 65 (IQR 53–67) years, 614 (88.2%) were European, and 82 (11.8%) were Latin American. Latin American patients were younger, with fewer comorbidities, and a higher incidence of extensive pneumonia. After adjusting for residual confounders, Latin American origin was not associated with an increased risk of death (PSW OR 0.85 (0.23–3.14)) or with the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (PSW OR 0.35 (0.12–1.03)). Latin American origin was associated with a shorter hospital stay, but without differences in how long the patient remained on mechanical ventilation. In a public healthcare system, the rates of death or mechanical ventilation in severe COVID-19 cases were found to be comparable between patients of European and Latin American origins.

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Sulpino Vieira ◽  
Rodrigo Pucci De Sá E Benevides

ResumoO objetivo deste artigo é discutir as mudanças recentes no modelo de financiamento da proteção social brasileira e seus impactos na garantia do direito à saúde no Brasil, a partir da promulgação Emenda Constitucional nº 95 de 2016, que institui o chamado “Novo Regime Fiscal”, que limita por 20 anos o crescimento das despesas primárias à taxa de inflação. Para dar suporte à discussão, apresentam-se, inicialmente, os contornos do direito à saúde no Brasil, bem como dados sobre o gasto com saúde do País, comparando-o ao de países da América Latina. São abordados, ainda, os esforços empreendidos para o aumento dos recursos alocados no sistema público de saúde e para a estabilidade do seu financiamento ao longo das últimas décadas. Em seguida, avalia-se o impacto das novas regras fiscais sobre os recursos federais para a saúde em comparação com a regra vigente em 2016, chegando-se à conclusão de que maiores dificuldades serão enfrentadas para a efetivação do direito à saúde no Brasil. Haverá diminuição da participação das despesas primárias do governo federal no Produto Interno Bruto, e da despesa federal com saúde, em particular, revelando o objetivo implícito de redução do tamanho do Estado na recente reforma fiscal.Palavras-chave: Sistema Único de Saúde. Sistema público de saúde. Direito à saúde. Reforma do Estado. Financiamento da saúde. Emenda Constitucional nº 95. ***Derecho a la Salud en Tiempos de Crisis Económica, Austeridad Fiscal y Reforma Implícita del Estado en BrasilResumenEl propósito de este artículo es discutir los recientes cambios en el modelo de financiación de la protección social de Brasil y su impacto en la garantía del derecho a la salud desde la promulgación de la Enmienda Constitucional nº 95, de 2016. Esta Enmienda establece el llamado "Nuevo Régimen Fiscal", que limita durante 20 años el crecimiento del gasto general a la tasa de inflación, excepto de los gastos financieros. Para apoyar la discusión, se presienta, inicialmente, el derecho a la salud en Brasil, así como datos sobre el gasto en salud del país, comparándolo con los gastos de países de América Latina. Los esfuerzos para aumentar los recursos asignados en el sistema de salud pública y para garantizar la estabilidad de su financiación a lo largo de las últimas décadas también son abordados. A continuación, se evalúa el impacto de las nuevas normas fiscales de fondos federales para la salud en comparación con la regla actual, concluyéndose que mayores dificultades son esperadas para la garantía del derecho a la salud en Brasil. Disminuirá la proporción del gasto primario del gobierno federal en el producto interno bruto, y el gasto federal en salud, en particular, revelando el objetivo implícito de reducción del tamaño del Estado en la reciente reforma fiscal.Palabras clave: Sistema Único de Salud. Sistema público de salud. Derecho a la salud. Reforma del estado. Financiación de la atención de la salud. Enmienda Constitucional nº 95.  ***The Right to Health in Times of Economic Crisis, Fiscal Austerity and State Implicit Reform in BrazilAbstractThe objective of this article is to discuss the recent changes in the Brazilian social protection financing model and its impacts on the guarantee of the right to health in Brazil, after the enactment of Constitutional Amendment No. 95 of 2016. This Amendment establishes the so-called "New Fiscal Regime" for 20 years, which links the growth of the government expenditure to the inflation rate. To support the discussion, we first present the contours of the right to health in Brazil, as well as data on health spending in the country, comparing it to that of Latin American countries. We also discuss the efforts made to increase the resources allocated to the public healthcare system and to stabilize the spending over the last decades. Next, the impact of the new fiscal rules on the federal resources for health is evaluated in comparison with the current rule, and we conclude that greater difficulties will be faced for the right to health guarantee in Brazil. There will be a decline in the share of federal government expenditures on Gross Domestic Product, and in federal health spending in particular, revealing that the implicit goal of the recent reform is to reduce the State size.Key-words: Unified Health System. Public healthcare system. Right to health. State reform. Healthcare financing. Constitutional Amendment No. 95. 


BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e044384
Author(s):  
Guduru Gopal Rao ◽  
Alexander Allen ◽  
Padmasayee Papineni ◽  
Liyang Wang ◽  
Charlotte Anderson ◽  
...  

ObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to describe evolution, epidemiology and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in subjects tested at or admitted to hospitals in North West London.DesignObservational cohort study.SettingLondon North West Healthcare NHS Trust (LNWH).ParticipantsPatients tested and/or admitted for COVID-19 at LNWH during March and April 2020Main outcome measuresDescriptive and analytical epidemiology of demographic and clinical outcomes (intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation and mortality) of those who tested positive for COVID-19.ResultsThe outbreak began in the first week of March 2020 and reached a peak by the end of March and first week of April. In the study period, 6183 tests were performed in on 4981 people. Of the 2086 laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases, 1901 were admitted to hospital. Older age group, men and those of black or Asian minority ethnic (BAME) group were predominantly affected (p<0.05). These groups also had more severe infection resulting in ICU admission and need for mechanical ventilation (p<0.05). However, in a multivariate analysis, only increasing age was independently associated with increased risk of death (p<0.05). Mortality rate was 26.9% in hospitalised patients.ConclusionThe findings confirm that men, BAME and older population were most commonly and severely affected groups. Only older age was independently associated with mortality.


2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-26
Author(s):  
Andrew Geneslaw ◽  
Yewei Lu ◽  
May Hua ◽  
Caleb Miles ◽  
Jeffrey Edwards ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlene M. D'Silva ◽  
Hugo Sampaio ◽  
Didu Sanduni Thamarasa Kariyawasam ◽  
David Mowat ◽  
Jacqui Russell ◽  
...  

Bioethica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Kolisis (Νικόλαος Κολίσης)

The invention of CRISPR technology and its current and potential applications have been a subject of controversy among scientists, philosophers and legal theorists. After taking under consideration the current discussion concerning the use of CRISPR for editing human genome the article treats the question of a wider offer of CRISPR-based therapies from a Public Healthcare system and proposes method for a fair and financially sustainable way for adopting the new possibilities this new tool has to offer.


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