scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Bacillus methylotrophicus and Bacillus thuringiensis against Five Common Spoilage Fungi on Loquats

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3360
Author(s):  
Chao-Nan He ◽  
Wan-Qiong Ye ◽  
Ying-Ying Zhu ◽  
Wen-Wen Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Bacillus Methylotrophicus ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Functional Components

Loquat fruit is one of the most perishable fruits in China, and has a very limited shelf life because of mechanical injury and microbial decay. Due to an increasing concern about human health and environmental security, antagonistic microorganisms have been a potential alternative for fungicides to control postharvest diseases. In this work, the antifungal effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Bacillus methylotrophicus BCN2 and Bacillus thuringiensis BCN10 against five postharvest pathogens isolated from loquat fruit, Fusarium oxysporum, Botryosphaeria sp., Trichoderma atroviride, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Penicillium expansum were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. As a result, the VOCs released by BCN2 and BCN10 were able to suppress the mycelial growth of all targeted pathogens according to inhibition ratio in the double petri-dish assay as well as disease incidence and disease diameter on loquat fruits. The main volatile compounds were identified by solid-phase microextraction (SPME)-gas chromatography. These VOCs produced by the two strains played complementary roles in controlling these five molds and enabled loquat fruits to keep fresh for ten days, significantly. This research will provide a theoretic foundation and technical support for exploring the functional components of VOCs applicable in loquat fruit preservation.

Control of Postharvest Fungal Pathogens by Antifungal Compounds from Penicillium expansum

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1879-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
WAFA ROUISSI ◽  
LUISA UGOLINI ◽  
CAMILLA MARTINI ◽  
LUCA LAZZERI ◽  
MARTA MARI
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Volatile Organic

The fungicidal effects of secondary metabolites produced by a strain of Penicillium expansum (R82) in culture filtrate and in a double petri dish assay were tested against one isolate each of Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Monilinia laxa and six isolates of P. expansum, revealing inhibitory activity against every pathogen tested. The characterization of volatile organic compounds released by the R82 strain was performed by solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatographic techniques, and several compounds were detected, one of them identified as phenethyl alcohol (PEA). Synthetic PEA, tested in vitro on fungal pathogens, showed strong inhibition at a concentration of 1,230 μg/ml of airspace, and mycelium appeared more sensitive than conidia; nevertheless, at the concentration naturally emitted by the fungus (0.726 ± 0.16 μg/ml), commercial PEA did not show any antifungal activity. Therefore, a combined effect between different volatile organic compounds produced collectively by R82 can be hypothesized. This aspect suggests further investigation into the possibility of exploiting R82 as a nonchemical alternative in the control of some plant pathogenic fungi.

A Novel Method for the Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (H.) using Headspace-SPME Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab Alnajim ◽  
Manjree Agarwal ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
YongLin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Spme Fibre

Background: The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the world’s most serious stored grain insect pests. A method of early and rapid identification of red flour beetle in stored products is urgently required to improve control options. Specific chemical signals identified as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) that are released by the beetle can serve as biomarkers. Methods: The Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) technique and the analytical conditions with GC and GCMS were optimised and validated for the determination of VOCs released from T. castaneum. Results: The 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS SPME fibre was selected for extraction of VOCs from T. castaneum. The efficiency of extraction of VOCs was significantly affected by the extraction time, temperature, insect density and type of SPME fibre. Twenty-three VOCs were extracted from insects in 4 mL flask at 35 ± 1°C for four hours of extraction and separated and identified with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The major VOCs or chemical signals from T. castaneum were 1-pentadecene, p-Benzoquinone, 2-methyl- and p-Benzoquinone, 2-ethyl. Conclusion: This study showed that HS-SPME GC technology is a robust and cost-effective method for extraction and identification of the unique VOCs produced by T. castaneum. Therefore, this technology could lead to a new approach in the timely detection of T. castaneum and its subsequent treatment.

Development of a Headspace-Solid Phase Micro Extraction Method for the Analysis of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds from Polyurethane Resins for Leather Finishing

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Flores ◽  
Silvia Sorolla ◽  
Concepció Casas ◽  
Rosa Cuadros ◽  
Anna Bacardit
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Solid Phase Micro Extraction ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Leather Finishing

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) arise from the chemicals used in the various stages of the leather manufacturing process. An important aim of the tanning industry is to minimize or eliminate VOCs and SVOCs, without lowering the quality of leather.   This paper shows the development of a new headspace-solid phase micro extraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) method for the identification of VOCs and SVOCs emitted by newly designed polymers for the leather finishing operation. These new polymers are polyurethane resins designed to reduce the VOC and SVOC concentration. This method enables a simple and fast determination of the qualitative and semi-quantitative content of VOCs and SVOCs in polyurethane-type finishing resins. The chemicals that are of concern in this paper are the following: Dipropylene glycol Monomethyl Ether (DPGME), DBE-3 (a mixture of dibasic esters) and Triethylamine (TEA). The test conditions that have been determined to carry out the HS-SPME assay are the following: incubation time (2 hours), extraction temperature and time (40°C; 5 minutes) and the desorption conditions (280°C, 50 seconds).  Ten samples of laboratory scale resins were tested by HS-SPME followed by gas chromatography (GC-MS). DPGME and DBE-3 (a mixture of dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate) have been identified effectively. The compounds are identified by a quantitative method using external calibration curves for the target compounds. The technique is not effective to determine the TEA compound, since the chromatograms shown poor resolution peaks for the standard. 

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