Rubber Seed Oil-Based UV-Curable Polyurethane Acrylate Resins for Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D Printing

Novel UV-curable polyurethane acrylate (PUA) resins were developed from rubber seed oil (RSO). Firstly, hydroxylated rubber seed oil (HRSO) was prepared via an alcoholysis reaction of RSO with glycerol, and then HRSO was reacted with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) to produce the RSO-based PUA (RSO-PUA) oligomer. FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra collectively revealed that the obtained RSO-PUA was successfully synthesized, and the calculated C=C functionality of oligomer was 2.27 per fatty acid. Subsequently, a series of UV-curable resins were prepared and their ultimate properties, as well as UV-curing kinetics, were investigated. Notably, the UV-cured materials with 40% trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) displayed a tensile strength of 11.7 MPa, an adhesion of 2 grade, a pencil hardness of 3H, a flexibility of 2 mm, and a glass transition temperature up to 109.4 °C. Finally, the optimal resin was used for digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. The critical exposure energy of RSO-PUA (15.20 mJ/cm2) was lower than a commercial resin. In general, this work offered a simple method to prepare woody plant oil-based high-performance PUA resins that could be applied in the 3D printing industry.

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Preparation and Properties of Plant-Oil-Based Epoxy Acrylate-Like Resins for UV-Curable Coatings

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12092165 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2165

Author(s):

Jijun Tang ◽

Jinshuai Zhang ◽

Jianyu Lu ◽

Jia Huang ◽

Fei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Plant Oils ◽

Epoxy Acrylate ◽

Plant Oil ◽

Rubber Seed Oil ◽

Uv Curable ◽

Ring Opening Reaction ◽

Epoxy Value ◽

Acid Precursor

Novel oil-based epoxy acrylate (EA)-like prepolymers were synthesized via the ring-opening reaction of epoxidized plant oils with a new unsaturated carboxyl acid precursor (MAAMA) synthesized by reacting maleic anhydride (MA) with methallyl alcohol (MAA). Since the employed epoxidized oils including epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), epoxidized rubber seed oil (ERSO), and epoxidized wilsoniana seed oil (EWSO) possessed epoxy values of 7.34–4.38%, the obtained epoxy acrylate (EA)-like prepolymers (MMESO, MMERSO, and MMEWSO) indicated a C=C functionality of 7.81–4.40 per triglyceride. Furthermore, effects of the C=C functionality and the addition of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) diluent on the ultimate properties of the resulting UV-cured EA-like materials were investigated and compared with those of commercially available acrylated ESO (AESO) resins. As the C=C functionality increased, the storage modulus at 25 °C (E’25), glass transition temperature (Tg), 5% weight–loss temperature (T5), tensile strength and modulus (σ and E), and hardness of the coating for both the pure EA and EA/HEMA resins increased significantly as well. These properties indicated similar trends when comparing the EA materials with 30% of HEMA with those pure EA materials. Specially, although ERSO had a clearly lower epoxy value that ESO, both the UV-cured pure MMERSO and MMERSO/HEMA materials showed much better E’25, Tg, σ, and E than their AESO counterparts, indicating that the MAAMA modification of epoxidized plant oils was much more effective than the modification of acrylic acid to achieve high-performance oil-based epoxy acrylate resins.

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Self-healing, high-performance, and high-biobased-content UV-curable coatings derived from rubber seed oil and itaconic acid

Progress in Organic Coatings ◽

10.1016/j.porgcoat.2021.106391 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 159 ◽

pp. 106391

Author(s):

Jia Huang ◽

Jinshuai Zhang ◽

Guoqiang Zhu ◽

Xixi Yu ◽

Yun Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Itaconic Acid ◽

High Performance ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Self Healing ◽

Rubber Seed Oil ◽

Uv Curable ◽

Rubber Seed ◽

Biobased Content

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OPTIMISATION OF ENERGY AND MATERIALS IN ACID ESTERFICATION OF RUBBER SEED OIL THROUGH RSM AND ANN

10.1615/ihmtc-2017.1970 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jilse Sebastian ◽

Vishnu Vardhan Reddy Mugi ◽

C. Muraleedharan ◽

Santhiagu A

Keyword(s):

Seed Oil ◽

Rubber Seed Oil ◽

Rubber Seed

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Effect of isopropyl alcohol on the performance, combustion and emission Characteristics variable compression ratio engine using rubber seed oil blends

Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects ◽

10.1080/15567036.2021.1887408 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Silambarasan Rajendran ◽

Mohan Govindasamy

Keyword(s):

Compression Ratio ◽

Isopropyl Alcohol ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Rubber Seed Oil ◽

Variable Compression Ratio ◽

Rubber Seed ◽

Oil Blends ◽

Variable Compression Ratio Engine ◽

Variable Compression

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Experimental investigations to predict optimistic biodiesel(s) and its optimistic operating conditions by varying ignition delay period and fuel spray pressures for lower emissions and better performance

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science ◽

10.1177/0954406220917693 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 234 (19) ◽

pp. 3890-3902

Author(s):

Vishal V Patil ◽

Ranjit S Patil

Keyword(s):

Methyl Ester ◽

Ignition Delay ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Delay Period ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Rubber Seed Oil ◽

Rubber Seed ◽

Neem Seed Oil ◽

Ignition Delay Period

In this study, different characteristics of sustainable renewable biodiesels (those have a high potential of their production worldwide and in India) were compared with the characteristics of neat diesel to determine optimistic biodiesel for the diesel engine at 250 bar spray pressure. Optimistic fuel gives a comparatively lower level of emissions and better performance than other selected fuels in the study. Rubber seed oil methyl ester was investigated as an optimistic fuel among the other selected fuels such as sunflower oil methyl ester, neem seed oil methyl ester, and neat diesel. To enhance the performance characteristics and to further decrease the level of emission characteristics of fuel ROME, further experiments were conducted at higher spray (injection) pressures of 500 bar, 625 bar, and 750 bar with varying ignition delay period via varying its spray timings such as 8°, 13°, 18°, 23°, 28°, and 33° before top dead center. Spray pressure 250 bar at 23° before top dead center was investigated as an optimistic operating condition where fuel rubber seed oil methyl ester gives negligible hydrocarbon emissions (0.019 g/kW h) while its nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions were about 70% lesser than those observed with neat diesel, respectively.

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