scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity against Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) of a Copper (I) Homoleptic Complex with a Coumarin as Ligand

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Daniela Gutiérrez ◽  
Almendra Benavides ◽  
Beatriz Valenzuela ◽  
Carolina Mascayano ◽  
Maialen Aldabaldetrecu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis Virus

The aquatic infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) causes a severe disease in farmed salmonid fish that generates great economic losses in the aquaculture industry. In the search for new tools to control the disease, in this paper we show the results obtained from the evaluation of the antiviral effect of [Cu(NN1)2](ClO4) Cu(I) complex, synthesized in our laboratory, where the NN1 ligand is a synthetic derivate of the natural compound coumarin. This complex demonstrated antiviral activity against IPNV at 5.0 and 15.0 µg/mL causing a decrease viral load 99.0% and 99.5%, respectively. The Molecular Docking studies carried out showed that the copper complex would interact with the VP2 protein, specifically in the S domain, altering the process of entry of the virus into the host cell.

scholarly journals Expression Profiles of NOD-Like Receptors in Salmonid Cells after Infection with Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV)

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Gardenia Payne ◽  
Fernanda Fredericksen ◽  
Nicolás Maldonado ◽  
Melina Villalba ◽  
Victor Olavarría
Keyword(s):  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Cellular Models ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis Virus

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNv) is a worldwide etiologic agent of one disease that causes severe economic losses in several species of fish, mainly in young salmonids. Its genome consists of two linear double-stranded RNA segments that encode five viral proteins. Teleost fish respond to infectious agents, mainly through the components of innate immunity. This response to viral infections is initiated, conducted, and coordinated by pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), which can detect the presence of microorganisms through the identification of molecular patterns associated with pathogens (PAMPs). Heterologous PRR molecules have been found in salmonids, even in teleost fish. NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are a multigenic family of cytoplasmic molecules involved in immunity and apoptosis; these receptors have been little studied in fish. However, they have recently been linked to antiviral defense. There is no information that relates the expression of NOD-like receptors with IPNv infection. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the gene expression of several members of subfamily A of the NLRs (NOD1, NOD2, NLR-C3, NLR-C5, and NLR-X1) in response to IPNv infection by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and cellular models used in vitro and ex vivo. The expression analysis revealed that CHSE-214 cells, infected with IPNv, show a positive regulation of the NLRs, with the NLRX1 gene being the one with the highest expression. A similar result was obtained when primary cultures of head kidney of rainbow trout were infected with IPNv, but in this case, the most stimulated receptor was found to be NLR-C5. Overall, the results suggest that NLRs could play a key role in the regulation of defense mechanisms of salmonids against viral pathogens and justify the exploration of the precise molecular mechanism related to the immune system of the NLRs in these fish.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus Replication by Atlantic Salmon Mx1 Protein

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (15) ◽  
pp. 7938-7944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rannveig Larsen ◽  
Torunn P. Røkenes ◽  
Børre Robertsen
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Virus Protein ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis Virus

ABSTRACT Mx proteins form a family of interferon (IFN)-induced GTPases with potent antiviral activity against various single-stranded RNA viruses in mammals and chickens. In fish, alpha/beta IFN has been reported to inhibit the replication of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), but the mode of action has not been elucidated. A correlation between the inhibition of IPNV and Mx protein expression has, however, been observed. To examine whether Atlantic salmon Mx1 protein (ASMx1) possesses antiviral activity against IPNV, CHSE-214 cells constitutively expressing ASMx1 were established. ASMx1 appeared to be localized in the cytoplasm. The ASMx1-expressing clone selected showed a severely reduced IPNV-induced cytopathic effect, which was confirmed by a 500-fold reduction in virus yield. The antiviral activity against IPNV was further confirmed by the inhibition of virus protein synthesis and the reduced accumulation of virus transcripts. The present work further adds to the body of evidence which suggests that antiviral activity is a major functional role of vertebrate Mx proteins. Moreover, the list of viruses inhibited by Mx proteins is extended to include double-stranded RNA viruses.

scholarly journals Isolation of a New Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) Variant from a Fish Farm in Scotland

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Jessica Benkaroun ◽  
Katherine Fiona Muir ◽  
Rosa Allshire ◽  
Cüneyt Tamer ◽  
Manfred Weidmann
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis Virus

The aquatic virus, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), is known to infect various farmed fish, in particular salmonids, and is responsible for large economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Common practices to detect the virus include qPCR tests based on specific primers and serum neutralization tests for virus serotyping. Following the potential presence of IPNV viruses in a fish farm in Scotland containing vaccinated and IPNV-resistant fish, the common serotyping of the IPNV isolates was not made possible. This led us to determine the complete genome of the new IPNV isolates in order to investigate the cause of the serotyping discrepancy. Next-generation sequencing using the Illumina technology along with the sequence-independent single primer amplification (SISPA) approach was conducted to fully characterize the new Scottish isolates. With this approach, the full genome of two isolates, V1810–4 and V1810–6, was determined and analyzed. The potential origin of the virus isolates was investigated by phylogenetic analyses along with tridimensional and secondary protein structure analyses. These revealed the emergence of a new variant from one of the main virus serotypes, probably caused by the presence of selective pressure exerted by the vaccinated IPNV-resistant farmed fish.

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