scholarly journals Autoantibodies in the Extraintestinal Manifestations of Celiac Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuechen Yu ◽  
Melanie Uhde ◽  
Peter Green ◽  
Armin Alaedini
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Transglutaminase 2 ◽  
The Body ◽  
Extraintestinal Manifestations ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Transglutaminase 3 ◽  
Diagnostic And Prognostic Value

Increased antibody reactivity towards self-antigens is often indicative of a disruption of homeostatic immune pathways in the body. In celiac disease, an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten from wheat and related cereals in genetically predisposed individuals, autoantibody reactivity to transglutaminase 2 is reflective of the pathogenic role of the enzyme in driving the associated inflammatory immune response. Autoantibody reactivity to transglutaminase 2 closely corresponds with the gluten intake and clinical presentation in affected patients, serving as a highly useful biomarker in the diagnosis of celiac disease. In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, celiac disease is associated with a number of extraintestinal manifestations, including those affecting skin, bones, and the nervous system. Investigations of these manifestations in celiac disease have identified a number of associated immune abnormalities, including B cell reactivity towards various autoantigens, such as transglutaminase 3, transglutaminase 6, synapsin I, gangliosides, and collagen. Clinical relevance, pathogenic potential, mechanism of development, and diagnostic and prognostic value of the various identified autoantibody reactivities continue to be subjects of investigation and will be reviewed here.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

scholarly journals Extraintestinal Manifestations of Celiac Disease: Early Detection for Better Long-Term Outcomes

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilvi Laurikka ◽  
Samuli Nurminen ◽  
Laura Kivelä ◽  
Kalle Kurppa
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Extraintestinal Manifestations ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Factors Affecting

Population-based screening studies have shown celiac disease to be one of the most common chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Nevertheless, because of the diverse clinical presentation, the great majority of patients remain unrecognized. Particularly difficult to identify are the multifaceted extraintestinal symptoms that may appear at variable ages. Although the pathogenesis and long-term outcome of these manifestations are still poorly established, there is some evidence that unrecognized celiac disease predisposes to severe complications if not diagnosed and prevented with an early-initiated gluten-free diet. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that physicians of different disciplines learn to recognize celiac disease in individuals with non-gastrointestinal symptoms. In the future, more studies are needed to clarify the factors affecting development and prognosis of the extraintestinal manifestations.

scholarly journals Acrodystrophic axonal polyneuropathy with celiac disease: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Bardakov ◽  
Minh Duc Tran ◽  
S. V. Lapin ◽  
A. N. Moshnikova ◽  
E. U. Kalinina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Extraintestinal Manifestations ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Axonal Polyneuropathy ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Patients with celiac disease present with not only gastrointestinal symptoms but also extraintestinal manifestations such as anemia, osteopathy, dermatitis herpetiformis, and celiac neuropathy. Despite a fairly wide range of celiac neuropathies, we report a case of the acrodystrophic variant of celiac polyneuropathy, which has not been previously described. Case presentation A 41-year-old Ukrainian male suffered from symmetric, sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy and encephalopathy associated with celiac disease, which is characterized by severe trophic disorders in the lower extremities (trophic ulcers, hyperkeratosis, and anhidrosis). Acrodystrophic changes in the lower extremities were due to both neurogenic and direct immunoinflammatory damaging effects. Clinical–electrophysiological dissociation was also noted, which was represented by a gross axonal lesion with the preservation of muscle strength. The absence of enteropathic manifestations was accompanied by the pronounced histological changes in the duodenal mucosa by IIIb stage of Marsh. A gluten-free diet in combination with membrane plasma exchange and intravenous pulse methylprednisolone was prescribed to reduce the severity of sensory disorders and regression of encephalopathy within 7 months. Conclusion Celiac disease may be a potential cause of neuropathy and encephalopathy in adult patients. Further immunosuppressive treatment protocols for both intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease are required.

scholarly journals Role of transglutaminase 2 in celiac disease pathogenesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius Klöck ◽  
Thomas R. DiRaimondo ◽  
Chaitan Khosla
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Transglutaminase 2 ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis

scholarly journals Longevity, clonal relationship, and transcriptional program of celiac disease–specific plasma cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Lindeman ◽  
Chunyan Zhou ◽  
Linn M. Eggesbø ◽  
Zhichao Miao ◽  
Justyna Polak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gene Selection ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Transglutaminase 2 ◽  
Immunoglobulin Gene ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Massive Accumulation ◽  
Disease Specific

Disease-specific plasma cells (PCs) reactive with transglutaminase 2 (TG2) or deamidated gluten peptides (DGPs) are abundant in celiac disease (CeD) gut lesions. Their contribution toward CeD pathogenesis is unclear. We assessed expression of markers associated with PC longevity in 15 untreated and 26 treated CeD patients in addition to 13 non-CeD controls and performed RNA sequencing with clonal inference and transcriptomic analysis of 3,251 single PCs. We observed antigen-dependent V-gene selection and stereotypic antibodies. Generation of recombinant DGP-specific antibodies revealed a key role of a heavy chain residue that displays polymorphism, suggesting that immunoglobulin gene polymorphisms may influence CeD-specific antibody responses. We identified transcriptional differences between CeD-specific and non–disease-specific PCs and between short-lived and long-lived PCs. The short-lived CD19+CD45+ phenotype dominated in untreated and short-term–treated CeD, in particular among disease-specific PCs but also in the general PC population. Thus, the disease lesion of untreated CeD is characterized by massive accumulation of short-lived PCs that are not only directed against disease-specific antigens.

scholarly journals Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Василий Николаевич Афонюшкин ◽  
Н. А. Донченко ◽  
Ю. Н. Козлова ◽  
Н. В. Давыдова ◽  
В. Ю. Коптев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

scholarly journals Еxtraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Extraintestinal Manifestations ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases, that include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are considered systemic processes since their symptoms and manifestations are not limited to the gastrointestinal tract. Extraintestinal manifestations are characteristic of inflammatory bowel disease and can be observed in almost every system of the patient’s body. Extraintestinal symptoms are present in approximately 42 % of patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the manifestation of the pathological process. They can also precede the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms. Nowadays, the pathogenesis of extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease is not completely obvious. It is currently believed that the mucous membrane of the patient's gastrointestinal tract can provoke an immune response in the extraintestinal areas due to the presence of common epitopes in individuals with a genetic predisposition. Extraintestinal symptoms are most often observed in the joints (peripheral and axial arthropathy), skin (nodular erythema, gangrenous pyoderma, aphthous stomatitis), visual organ (episcleritis, uveitis) and hepatobiliary system (primary sclerosing cholangitis). Other organs and systems of the body, such as the lungs, kidneys, pancreas and venous system, are also affected; however, their damages are much less common. Some extraintestinal manifestations, for instance arthritis of several joints, erythema nodosum, episcleritis, and aphthous ulcers of the oral cavity, are associated with inflammatory activity in the intestine. Other extraintestinal symptoms, such as uveitis and ankylosing spondylitis, are not associated with inflammatory bowel disease activity. Manifestations like primary sclerosing cholangitis and gangrenous pyoderma may or may not be associated with inflammatory bowel activity. Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease exacerbate the negative impact of the pathological process on the patient's quality of life, and some of them, such as venous thromboembolism, can be life-threatening.

scholarly journals Longevity, clonal relationship and transcriptional program of celiac disease-specific plasma cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Lindeman ◽  
Chunyan Zhou ◽  
Linn M. Eggesbø ◽  
Zhichao Miao ◽  
Justyna Polak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gene Selection ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Transglutaminase 2 ◽  
Immunoglobulin Gene ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Massive Accumulation ◽  
Disease Specific

ABSTRACTDisease-specific plasma cells (PCs) reactive with transglutaminase 2 (TG2) or deamidated gluten peptides (DGP) are abundant in celiac disease (CeD) gut lesions. Their contribution toward CeD pathogenesis is unclear. We assessed expression of markers associated with PC longevity in 15 untreated and 26 treated CeD patients in addition to 13 non-CeD controls, and performed RNA-sequencing with clonal inference and transcriptomic analysis of 3251 single PCs. We observed antigen-dependent V-gene selection and stereotypic antibodies. Generation of recombinant DGP-specific antibodies revealed a key role of a heavy-chain residue that displays polymorphism, suggesting that immunoglobulin gene polymorphisms may influence CeD-specific antibody responses. We identified transcriptional differences between CeD-specific vs non-disease-specific PCs and between short-lived vs long-lived PCs. The short-lived CD19+CD45+ phenotype dominated in untreated and short-term-treated CeD, in particular among disease-specific PCs but also in the general PC population. Thus, the disease lesion of untreated CeD is characterized by massive accumulation of short-lived PCs that are not only directed against disease-specific antigens.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

The Role of Computer Modeling in Electrocardiography

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Oosterom
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volume Conductor ◽  
Current Generator ◽  
Cardiac Electrical Activity ◽  
Source Models

AbstractThis paper introduces some levels at which the computer has been incorporated in the research into the basis of electrocardiography. The emphasis lies on the modeling of the heart as an electrical current generator and of the properties of the body as a volume conductor, both playing a major role in the shaping of the electrocardiographic waveforms recorded at the body surface. It is claimed that the Forward-Problem of electrocardiography is no longer a problem. Several source models of cardiac electrical activity are considered, one of which can be directly interpreted in terms of the underlying electrophysiology (the depolarization sequence of the ventricles). The importance of using tailored rather than textbook geometry in inverse procedures is stressed.

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